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STRAITS BRANCH
ROYAL ASIATIC .SOCIETY
[No. 48]
JOURNAL
June, 1907
Agents of the Society
Londwn : KKCAN l'Al'l . • :;knui, Tklhnkk \ Co.
\
. Ptfmrto at rtm MMTMOoiar PuanMnma hojib ttaAHMc
v, 7*:, o (c
ft*i
t
[No. 48]
JOURNAL
of the
Straits Branch
of the
Royal Asiatic Society
JUNE 1907
Agencies of the Societies.
London and America . . Trubner & Co.
Farii .... Ernest Leroux & Co.
Germany . . Otto Harrassowitz, Leipzig.
SINGAPORE:
Printed at the Methodist Publishing Housk
1907.
STRAITS BRANCH
ROYAL ASIATIC SOCIETY
[No. 48]
JOURNAL
June, 1907
Agents of the Society
London: Kkcan I'auj - ;hNLii. Tkihnkk \ L«j.
i
i
\
PtmrmAT rue mktmooist publishing hojsb. fiiMniDMt -
Table of Contents.
■:o:-
Description of New Species of Hymenoptera ffom
Borneo, hv P. Cameron ... ... ... 1
A Pelandok Tale ... ... ... ... 27
The Pelandok, His Adopted Son, and Pa' Si Bago' 45
The Story of the Five Men who Stole the King's
Daughter ... ... ... ... 57
Mat Janin ... ... ... ... ... 67
Pa : Pandir ... ... ... ... 73
The Pelandok and the Kotan Cutters ... ... 85
How the Bear lost his Tail ... ... ... 87
The Rich Man, the Poor Man, and the way the Pe-
landok Squared the Score ... ... 1*1
List of Graveyards of the Late Sultans of the State of
Porak " 97
i (. mn 1 1 ■ ... ... ... ... vi
Christmas Island Flora — Additional Notes, hv //. *V.
Ridfay ... ... ... ... ... 107
w < — * '
THE
STRAITS BRANCH
OF THE
ROYAL ASIATIC SOCIETY.
COUNCIL FOR 1905.
The Right Rev. Bishop Hobb, President.
Dr. Galloway, Vice-President for Singapore.
Hon. R. N. Bland, Vice-President for Penang.
Mr. H. N. Ridlbt, Honorary Secretary.
Mr. R. J. Bartlett, Honorary Treasurer.
Dr. Hanitsch,
Mr. C. B. Klobs,
Hon. A. T. Bryant,
Mr. M. Hellish,
Mr. A. Knight,
Councillors.
List of Hembers for 1907.
♦Life Members.
t Honorary Members.
Patron : H. £. Sir John Anderson, k.c.m.g.
Abbott, Dr. W. L.
Anthonisz, Hon. J. O.
Acton, R. D.
Bampfylde, Hon.C. A.
♦Banks, J. E.
Barker, Dr. A. J. G.
Barnard, B. H. F.
Baenes, W. D.
Bartlett, R. J.
Beatty, D.
Bbntara, Luar, Hon. Dato.
Bicknell W. A.
Bidwell, R. A. J.
Birch, J. K.
Birch, E. W., c.m.g.
Bishop, J E.
♦Blagden, C. O , M.A.
Bland, Hon. R. N.
Bland, Mrs. R. N.
Brockman, E. L.
Brown, Dr. W. C.
Bryant, Hon. A. T.
Buckley, C. B.
Burgess, P. J.
Burn-Murdoch, A. M.
Singapore.
Singapore.
Kuala Lumpor, Selangor.
England.
Pittsburg, U. S. A.
Sarawak.
Selangor.
Singapore.
Singapore.
Penang.
s.p.m.j. Batu Pahat.
Penang.
Singapore.
England.
Taiping, Perak.
Kuala Lip is, Pahang.
England.
Penang.
Penang.
Kuala Lumpor, Selangor.
Penang.
Singapore.
Singapore.
Malacca.
Kuala Lumpor, Selangor.
MEMBERS FOR 1907.
• *
Vll
Khartoum, Egypt.
Kuala Lumpor, Selangor.
Taiping, Perak.
Singapore.
Kuala Lumpor, Selangor.
Ulu Slim, Perak.
England.
Ceylon.
England.
Larut, Perak.
Kuala Lumpor, Selangor.
Sing.ipore.
Rangoon, Burmab.
England.
Sarawak.
Singapore.
England.
Batang Padang, Perak.
Sarawak.
Kuala Pilah, N. Sembilan.
Batang Padang, Perak.
Baram, Sarawak.
Donald, Dr. J. Penang.
Dunkerley, Ven. Arch. W. H. C, m.a. England.
Edgar, Dr. P. Galistan Ipoh, Perak.
Edmonds, R. C. Ipoh, Perak.
Eoerton, His Excellency Sir. W., k.c.m.g. Lagoa, W. Africa
Elcum, J. B. Singapore.
Everett, H. H. Santubong, Sarawak.
Fleming, T. C. Tampin, Negri Sembilan.
•Flower, S. S,, f.l.8. Ghizeli, Egypt.
Flower, V. A. Singapore.
Fort, Hon. Hugh Singapore.
Freer, Dr. G. D. Singapore.
Galloway, Hon. Dr. D. J. Singapore.
Butler, A. L.
Byrne, H. E.
Campbell, A.
Campbell, J. YV.
Camus, M. de
Carruthmrs, J. B.
Cbrruti, Giovanni Battista
Chapman, W. J.
Clifford, Hon. H. c.m.g.
Collybr, Hon. W. R., 1.8.0.
Colling b, H. B.
•Conlay, W. L.
Cook, Rev. J. A B
Craddock, W. H.
Curtis, C, f.l.s.
Dallas, Hon. F. H.
Dane, Dr. R.
Dent, Sir Alfred, k.c.m.b.
Dew, A. T.
•Deshon, Hon. H F.
Dickson, E. A.
Douglas, F. W.
Douglas, R. S.
• • •
Vlll
MEMBERS FOR 1907.
•Gerini, Lt. Col. G. E.
Gibson, W. S.
*Gimlettb, Dr. J. D.
Grandjean, W. D.
Gueritz, His Ex : E. P.
Haines, Rev. F. W.
Hale, A.
Hanitsch, Dr. R.
Harrison, Dr. H. M.
Hatnes, A. Sidney
Hellier, Maurice
Hemmant, G.
IHervey, D. F. A., c.m.g.
Hewitt, John.
Hill, Hon. E. C.
Bangkok, Siam.
Klang, Selangor.
Sandford House, Merton Rd.
Southsea, England.
Singapore.
Sandakan.
Penang.
Taiping, Perak.
Singapore.
Pekan, Pahang,
Taiping, Perak.
Singapore.
Kuala Pilah, N. Sembilan.
Aldeburgb, England.
Sarawak.
Singapore.
Accra, W. Africa.
Hinks, Lt. T. C.
fHosB, Rt. Rev. Bishop G. F., m.a. Singapore.
Hose, Dr. Charles. Sibu, Sarawak.
Hose, E. S. Kuala Lumpor, Selangor.
Hose, R. E. Busau, Sarawak.
Hoynch van Papendrecht, P. C. Germany.
Singapore.
Hullett, R. W., m.a.
Izard, Rev. H. C.
J anion, E. M.
Johnston, L. A. M.
Kehdino, Dr.
Ker, J. Campbell.
Kinsey, W. E.
KlRKPATRICK, IVONB
Kloss, C. Boden.
Knioht, Arthur.
Knocker, F. W.
Laidlaw, G. M.
t Lawes, Rev. W. G.
Singapore.
Singapore.
Hongkong.
Medan, Deli.
Johore.
Kuala Pilah, N. Sembilan.
Kuching, Sarawak.
Singapore.
Singapore.
Taiping, Perak.
Telok Anson, Perak.
New Guinea.
MEMBERS FOR 1907.
IX
Lawrence, A. E.
Laws, G., m e., a.i.m.m.
Lemon, A. H.
Lbbmit, A. W.
Lewis, J. E. A, b.a.
Lim Book Kenq, Dr.
Luering, Rev. Dr. H. L. E.
Lyons, Rev. E.
Machado, A. D.
Maclaren, J. W. D.
MacDouoal, Dr. W.
Mukoh, Sarawak.
Singapore.
Singapore.
Singapore.
Kuching, Sarawak.
Singapore.
Ipoh, Perak.
Dagupan, Philippine I.
Sungei Siput, Perak.
Singapore.
Christmas Island.
Mahomed, bin Mahbob, Hon. Dato. Johore.
Makepeace, W.
Marriott, H.
Marshall, F. C.
Mason, J. S.
McCausland, C. F.
Maxwell, Eric
Maxwell, W. Geo.
Moorhol t 8e, Sydney.
Nanson, W., B.A., p.s.a.
Napier, Hon. W. J., d.c.l.
Norman, Henry
Nunn, B.
Pears, Francis
Perak Government Museum
fPERHAM, Ven. Archdeacon, A.
Pykett, Rev. G. F.
Pra, C. da
Pringle, R. D.
Pustau, R. von
Rankin, H. F.
Ridley, H.N., m.a., f.r.s.
Richards, W. S. O.
Rigby, J.
Roberts, J. A., m.a.
Robbrts,B. G.
Singapore.
Singapore.
Raub, Pahang.
Raub, Pahang.
Batu Gajah, Perak.
Ipoh, Perak.
Penang.
Malacca.
Singapore.
Singapore.
Jugra, Selangor.
England.
Muar.
Taiping, Perak,
England.
Penang.
Kwala Pilah N. Sembilan.
Singapore.
Germany.
Amoy.
Singapore.
Penang.
Krian, Perak.
Ipoh, Perak.
MEMBERS FOR 1907.
Robinson, H.C. Kuala Lumpor, Selangor
Rostados, E. Tras, Pabang.
Rowland, W.R. Port Dickson, N. Sembilan.
t Sarawak, H. H. Rajah of, o.c.M.o. Sarawak.
Sarawak, H. H. The Ranee of England.
ISatow, Sir E. M., k.c.m.g.
Saunders, C. J.
Schwabs, E. M.
Scrivenor, J. B.
Seah Liang Seah
Seau Song Seah
Shelford, R.
Shelford, W. H.
Shbllabear, Rev. W. G.
Simmons, J. W.
Singer, C.
Skeat, W. W.
ISmith, Sir Cecil C, g.c.m.g.
Sohst, Theo.
Staples, F. W. M.
St. Clair, W. G.
Sugars, J. C.
Tatlock, J. H.
Thomas, G. E. V.
Peking, China.
Singapore.
Tanjong Rambutan, Perak.
Kuala Lumpor.
Singapore.
Singapore.
Oxford.
Singapore.
Malacca.
Tampin, N. Sembila.n
Singapore.
England.
England.
Singapore.
Johore.
Singapore
Batang Padang, Perak.
Ipoh, Perak.
Singapore.
Van Beuninoen von Helsdingen, Dr. R.
Tanjong Pandan, Billiton.
Walker, Lt. Col. R. S. F., c.m.g. Taiping, Perak.
Waterstradt, J.
WATKIN8, A. J. W.
Wellington, Dr. A. R.
West, Rev. B. F.
WlCKETT, F., M.I.C B.
Williams, H. F.
Winstedt, R. O.
Wood, C. G.
Wolff, E. C. H.
•Youno, H. S.
Batjan, Sourabaya.
Singapore.
Kuching, Sarawak.
Singapore.
Lahat, Perak.
Singapore.
Tapah, Perak.
Batu Gajah, Perak.
Seremban, N. Sembilan.
Bau, Sarawak.
J
PROCEEDINGS
of the
Annual General Meeting;
The Annual General Meeting was held on January 18th
1907.
Present. Dr. Galloway (in the Chair)
Mr. Bartlett Hon. A. T. Brvant
Mr. Knight Dr. Lim Boon Keng
Dr. Hanitsch Mr. Marriott
Mr. Hellier Mr. Ridley
The Minutes of the last General Meeting were read and
confirmed.
The Annual Report of the Council laid on the Table was
accepted.
The Treasurer's account was laid on the Table and passed.
The members elected during the past year were confirmed
in their election.
The officers for the following year were elected viz : —
President : Right Rev. Bishop Hose.
Vice President for Singapore : Dr. Galloway.
Vice President for Penany : Hon. R. N. Bland.
Hon. Secretary : H. N. Ridley.
Hon. Treasurer : R. J. Bartlett.
Councillors : Dr. Hanitsch, Mr. C. B. Kloss, Hon. A. T.
Bryant, Mr. M. Hellier, Mr. A. Knight.
A Committee to prepare a new edition of the Map of the
Malay Peninsula was chosen, viz., Mr. Marriott, Mr. St. Clair,
Dr. Hanitsch, Mr. H. N. Ridley.
Votes of thanks were accorded to the Chairman, the Hon.
Secretary and Hon. Treasurer.
Annual Report for 1907.
The Council are pleased to note that the numbers of
members of the Society are on the increase.
During the year the following new members were elected :
Mb. J. W. Campbell
Mb. R. D. Pbingle
Mb. H. Collinge
Mb. C. Singer
Mb. W. E. Kinsey
Db. A. A. Wellington
Mb. A. E. Lawbence
Mb. Abchibald Campbell
Mb. Chapman
Db. Macdougall
Mb. B. Nunn
Db. John Donald
Mb. G. Hammont
Rev. G. F. Pykbtt
Mb. J. B. Scbivenob
Mb. Ivone Kibkpatbick
Mb. J. Rigby
In recognition of the long services of Mr. W. R. Collyer as
Vice President of the Society the Council elected him an
Honorary Member of the Society.
The Council have to regret the loss by death of Mr. H. H.
Hudson.
During the absence on leave of the Honorary Treasurer,
Dr. Hanitsch, Mr. Bartlett kindly consented to act as Treasurer
till his return at the end of the year.
One number of the Journal was published, containing arti-
cles on Ethnology by Mr. Maxwell, Mr. Winstedt, the Rev.
E. Gomez, Mr. C. B. Kloss, and Mrs. Bland, on Topography by
Mr. Knight, and on Natural History by Mr. Kloss, Mr. Shelford,
Mrs. Norman, Mr. Hewett, and Mr. Ridley.
In a separate volume the Hikayat Shamshu '1 Bahrain, a
Malay manuscript edited by Mr. Maxwell, was also published.
Another volume of the Journal will be in the hands of the
Society very shortly.
The Library was transferred to a more spacious room in
the new building of the Museum.
The books and papers were arranged and sorted and fur-
ther progress made in cataloguing.
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3
Description of New Species of
Hymenoptera from Borneo.
A.— On some new species of Ipkiaulax (Brtconidac)
from Kuching, Borneo.
By P. Cameron.
I am indebted to Mr. John Hewitt, the Curator of the
Sarawak Museum, for the opportunity of describing the fol-
lowing species of IphicmUix which appeal's to be the most
abundant genus of Hymenoptera in Malaya, so far as the
number of species is concerned.
The species may be most conveniently grouped by the
form of the plate on the base of the 2nd abdominal segment.
i. The plate large, triangular, striated, bordered by
oblique striae. Instynis, Sm., cariniceps, Cam.,
octofoveatus. Cam. In this group the 1st abdomi-
nal segment is closely longitudinally striated, and
the metanotum is more or less black.
ii. The plate minute smooth, followed by a keel which
extends to the apex of the segment ; the central
part bordered by keels ; the 1st segment keeled
laterally and down the centre. Alienatus, Cam.
iii. The plate moderately wide at the base, becoming
gradually narrowed to a fine point, then continued
as a keel to the apex of the segment. In this
group the striation does not extend beyond the
middle of the 3rd segment, the following segments
being smooth. There is a distinct keel down the
middle of the 1st abdominal segment and a less
distinct one along the sides. Extratutus, Cam.
enrythecus, Cam., and declinatus, Cam.
Jour. Strait* Branch R. A. Soc„ No. 48, 1907.
2 HYMENOPTKRA FROM BORNEO.
iv. The plate striated, gradually narrowed to a point
at or near the apex of the segment. The striation
in this group extends to the apex of the 4th
abdominal segment. The 1st abdominal segment
is more or less striated and the metanotum is
more or less black ; in longiceps it is strongly
striated. Longiceps, Cam. ; lineativentris, Cam. ;
pallidiorbitalis, Cam., which is noteworthy for the
head being largely pale yellow.
Iphiaulax insignia, Sm.
Brocon insignis, Smith, Journ. Linn. Soc, 1857, 123.
Iphiaulax insignis, Szepligeti, Termes. Fiizetek* XXIV.
372. ?
This long-tailed species has been taken by Mr. Hewitt in
September. The 9 is 22 mm. long; with the ovipositor 83 mm;
its 1st abdominal segment is closely longitudinally striated ;
the area on 2nd segment is large triangular, ending in a sharp
point, not reaching to the base of the apical third of the
segment ; it is bordered by stronger, oblique striae, the rest of
the segment bears close, more or less interlacing striaB ; the
3rd to near the apex and the basal two-thirds of the 4th are
olosely striated, the striae radiating from the middle ; the rest
of the abdomen smooth, bare shining. The face is tinged with
yellow ; the head somewhat thickly covered with black pu-
bescence. Basal half of mandibles red, tinged with yellow,
the apical black. Palpi pale red, covered with pale pubes-
cence.
The I. insignis of Szepligeti, quoted above from Java, is
probably different from Smith's insect, from Borneo ; Smith
gives the length of the ovipositor as 44 lines ; Szepligeti
gives the length of his insignis as 55 mm. ; the body length
being 20 mm. Of the known Bornean species the present
can only be confounded with I Shelf ordi, Cam. (Journ. St.
Br. Roy. As. Soc. 1903, 103), which is smaller (15 mm.), but
with the ovipositor longer (95 mm.), the striation only extends
on the abdomen to the middle of the 3rd segment ; the area on
the 2nd is longer, being twice longer than its greatest width ;
Jour. HtraiU Branch,
HYMKNOPTERA FROM BOKNEO. 3
and the sheaths of the ovipositor are broadly white at the apex,
the sheaths in insignia being entirely black. In insignis the
1st abdominal segment is more than twice longer that it is
wide at the apex.
Iphiaulax cariniceps, sp. nov.
Black, the head, thorax, except the centre of metanotum
broadly, the anterior legs, the middle, except the tarsi, and
the base of hind cox®, red ; wings fuscous violaceous, the
nervures and stigma in part testaceous ; the middle of face
depressed, with a stout keel down the middle, the 1st, 2nd,
the 3rd, except at the apex and the basal half of the 4th
abdominal segment strongly closely longitudinally striated ;
the area on 2nd segment triangular, slightly longer than it is
wide at the base ; closely longitudinally striated, reaching to
the middle of the segment. 9
Length 14 mm.,-terebra 42 mm.
Kuching. March.
Face" coarsely, rugosely not closely punctured, sparsely
covered with black hair ; the clypeus more closely and finely
punctured. Front broadly depressed, the depression deep,
clearly defined, twice the width of the lateral part, which is
closely, distinctly punctured and sparsely covered with black
hair ; the centre is bare, aciculated, shining. Antennal scape,
shining, bare, not much dilated at the apex, about 3 times
longer than thick. Malar space furrowed, the depression
much widened below. Thorax smooth, parapsidal furrows
Jeep ; the metanotum thickly covered with black hair. The
1st abdominal segment is fully one third longer than wide, the
basal half with a rounded slope ; the central part of the 2nd
is bounded by a keel which converges towards the apex ; the
part bounding the area stoutly, obliquely striated, the part at
its apex is more finely and closely longitudinally striated ;
outside the keel is a depression, closely, strongly obliquely
striated, and with a large, almost smooth depression at its
Apex ; the outer edge closely, rugosely longitudinally striated.
Suturiform articulation wide, deep, crenulated, widened at the
B* A. 8o«, No. 48, 1007.
4 HYMENOPTERA FROM BORNEO.
outer edges ; there is a narrower crenulated furrow at the
base of the 3rd segment. The basal half of the wings has the
fuscous colour suffused with fulvous, the nervures there being
blackish ; the nervures on the apical half are paler, fuscous
in colour ; the basal half of the stigma testaceous, the apex
dark fuscous, legs somewhat densely pilose ; the sheaths of
the ovipositor more densely covered with stiffer black pu-
bescence.
The wide triangular area on the 2nd abdominal segment
is rare with the Bornean spe2ies of Iphiaulax. It is found
with i". iniqnis, Sm.
Iphiaulax octofovcatus, sp. nov.
Black ; the head, thorax and 4 anterior legs red ; the
median segment largely tinged with black ; the middle tarsi
blackish, wings fuscous, the nervures and stigma black ; the
apical half of the 1st, the 2nd entirely and the basal half
of the 3rd, 4th and 5th segments in the centre, coarsely
irregularly rugosely striated, the striae irregular,, more or
less broken, the striae on the 2nd stronger and more dis-
tinctly separated ; the area broad, triangular, as long as it is
wide at the base ; a keel as long as itself runs from its apex
to near the middle. The head and mesonotum sparsely, the
metanotum and back of abdomen more densely covered with
black hair. Face rugosely punctured, the centre raised and
smoother. First abdominal segment of almost equal width,
3 times longer than it is wide at the base, slightly, but dis-
tinctly longer than the 2nd ; the segments are all longer
than wide ; the abdomen is 3 times longer than the thorax ;
slender ; the suturiform articulation crenulated, not bifurcated
at the apex ; there are oval fovea on the sides of the 3rd to 6th
segments. The hind coxae are longer than usual, almost as
long as the 1st abdominal segment and of almost equal width.
Temples roundly narrowed, as long as the top of the eyes ;
the occiput rounded inwardly.
Length 12 mm.
Kuching. July.
A distinct species.
Jour Strait* Branch
HYMENOPTERA FROM BORNEO. 5
Iphiaulax alienatus, sp. nov.
Black, the head, thorax and anterior leg9 red, the middle
legs red, suffused with black, the 1st abdominal segment smooth,
the middle with a stout keel, the sides with a weaker, more
irregular keel, the 2nd segment and the basal two- thirds of the
3rd sti'ongly irregularly striated, the 2nd with a central keel
slightly, triangularly dilated at the base, extending to the apex
of the segment, the central part bordered by keels which slightly
converge towards the apex ; the suturiform articulation wide,
deep, crenulated ; there is a wide, transverse depression shortly
beyond the middle of the 3rd, where the striae end ; there are 3
stouter keels down the centre almost dividing the depression
into 2 parts. Legs densely covered with long black pubes-
cence. 9 .
Length 15 mm. ; terebra 32 mm.
Kuching. August.
Face coarsely punctured-reticulated ; the clypeus more
finely reticulated, bordered all round by a keel. The 2nd
abdominal segment is as long as the 1st, longer than the 3rd ;
on the outer, apical half of the central division is a longish
curved depression ; the striae are stout, few in number and more
oblique on the outer than on the inner parts ; the central part
of the 3rd, on either side of the central keels, is raised, smooth.
Malar space not much more than half the length of the eyes.
The basal two abscissae of the radius together shorter than the
apical.
Iphtaulax extrancus, sp. nov.
Black, the antennal scape, head, thorax and front legs red,
the middle femora tinged with red ; wings fuscous, the nervures
and stigma black. First abdominal segment smooth, keeled down
the middle, the sides depressed; the central part is clearly
raised and has perpendicular sides ; the part bordering it below
narrow, stoutly crenulated ; the segment is slightly longer than
the 2nd, which is stoutly striated to near the apex ; its central
area is smooth, harrow, bordered by raised keels ; it becomes
gradually narrowed to a fine point near the middle and is
continued as a fine keel to the apex ; the segment is smooth at
R. A. Sor., No. 48, 1907.
6 HYMENOITERA FROM BOBXEO.
the base; there is a longish f oven,, narrowed at the hase, on
either side of the a]»x; the 2nd segment is striated, finely
closely broadly to shortly beyond the middle ; I.ho 3 central keels
on the auturiform articulation are continued beyond the furrow,
the lateral being much longer than the central, which does not
extend much beyond the furrow ; the sides near tho apex n re
broadly depressed ; there is a curved crenulated furrow at the
base of the 3rd segment. Wings fuscous violaceous, the nervures
and stigma black. 9
Length 13 mm. ; terehra 30 mm.
Kuching. September.
Face rugosely punctured-reticulated ; the cly|»us with a
curved, finely punctured depression in the middle above.
Temples as long as the top of the eyes, broadly rounded behind.
Metanotoin thickly covered with blackish . hair. The basal 3
ventral segments of the abdomen white except for an oblique
black spot on the 3rd. The 1st segment 3 times longer than
it is wide at the apex.
Ipkiaitlax EurytheeitH, *\i. nov.
Black, the head, thorax, anterior legs, the middle coxra
trochanters and femora for the greater part red, tlio metanotuni
largo infuscated ; wings fuscous violaceous, the nervures and
stigma black; the plate on 2nd abdominal segment longish
triangular, smooth at the base, finely closely striated at the
apex, the keel narrow, extending to the a|>ex, where there is a
broad, smooth plate ; the basal 2 alwlominal segment, closely
longitudinally striated; the basal half of the 3rd at the sides
more finely striated. 9
Length 10 mm. ; terebra 11 mm.
Kuching, Decemlier. Sadong, August.
Face smooth, hare, shining in the middle, the sides weakly
punctured and haired ; the clypeus bordered laterally by a
pyriform fovea, deepest and widest below. Temples as long as
the eyes, rounded behind. First abdominal segment twice long-
er than wide of equal width throughout ; stoutly, irregularly
Jour, 9 trait > Branch,
HYMENOPTERA FROM BORNEO. 7
longitudinally striated, smooth in the centre at the base and, to
a less extent, at the apex ; the lateral furrows deep, obscurely
crenulated ; the 2nd segment strongly striated, the stria
interlacing ; the basal area bordered laterally by a short, broad,
smooth triangular one. Sutunform articulation broad, irregular-
ly striated ; there is an almost smooth, triangular plate on the
sides of the 3rd segment, their apices bordered by a broad,
closely striated band. The abdomen is as long as the head
and thorax united. Malar space with a wide shallow depression.
The basal 2 joints of the fore tarsi together are longer than the
tibia).
This species comes very near to /. Umyitarsis, Cam. ; if it
were not for the difference in the form of the plates on the
2nd abdominal segment, I might have considered them identi-
cal species ; the central plate in the present species is long and
narrow, becoming from the base gradually narrowed to a fine
point ; the lateral plates are much broader than long ; in
longitarsis the central plate has the basal half of equal width,
the apical narrowed to a point ; the lateral plates are longer
than wide.
Iphiaulux pallidiorbitaliSt sp. nov.
Black, the head, antennal scape, pro-mesothorax, base of
roetathorax, anterior legs and middle coxae, trochanters and
femora, red ; the outer orbits, malar space to shortly beyond
the inner eye orbits and the base of the mandibles, pale yellow ;
wings fuscous, the nervures and stigma black. The 3rd to 5th
segments of abdomen closely, regularly striated ; the 2nd with
the central area, extending to the apex of the segment, becom-
ing gradually narrowed towards the apex ; it is formed by 2
keels which unite shortly before the apex, towards which they
are continued as one ; in the centre is a keel extending from
the base to the apex ; at the base, on either side, is a short
curved keel ; the central area is bordered by transverse curved
stride, more or less broken ; outside these are 2 irregular longi-
tudinal keels which are united at the base ; the space between
these and the outer edge is smooth, except at the apex, which
is irregularly reticulated. The suturiform articulation is not
B. A. Soe., So. 48, 1907.
8 HYMENOPTERA FROM BORNEO.
divided at the sides, which, at the furrow, are reticulated ; there
are no transverse furrows on the apex of the segments ; there
is a narrow crenulated furrow on the base of the 4th segment.
The raised centre of the 1st abdominal segment is keeled down
the sides and down the middle ; on the sides are 3 or 4 irregular
foveaB ; the wide lateral furrow r s are irregularly transversely
striated. Malar space nearly as long as the antennal scape,
more than one third of the length of the eyes. Contre of
face base, smooth, the sides sparsely haired. Temples as
long as the top of the eyes, rounded, but hardly narrowed ;
the occiput rounded inwardly. Metapleural furrow distinct,
continuous. On the centre of the apex of tho metanotum are
3 stout keels, bordered at the end by a stouter transverse one.
Front distinctly broadly depressed in the centre ; there is a
furrow down the middle. Tibiae and tarsi densely covered
with black stiff hair. Tho apical wing nervures are fuscous. 6
Length 9-10 mm.
Kuching. March.
Iphiaulax longiccps, sp. now
Black, the head, thorax and fore legs red, the middle legs
of a darker red, their tarsi fuscous wings fuscous, the nervures
and stigma black ; the 2nd, 3rd and entirely the 4th abdonimal
segment to shortly beyond tho middle closely, strongly longi-
tudinally striated ; the area on 2nd segment reaching to the
apex, becoming gradually narrowed to a sharp point ; some-
what strongly longitudinally striated ; the raised central part of
the 1st segment broadly furrowed down the middle, the furrow
narrower than the sides, which are irregularly longitudinally
stoutly striated, almost reticulated. Apical slope of metano-
tum stoutly longitudinally striated, the centre at the base
raised, the raised part smooth at the base, the apex with a
twisted keel. Sheaths of ovipositor broadly white at apex. 9 .
Length 13 mm., terebra 20 mm.
Kuching. December.
Cheeks slightly longer than the eyes, broadly depressed,
more deeply above than below ; above smooth, and shining in
Jour. Straits Branch,
HYMEXOPTERA FROM BORNEO. 9
the middle, below closely, uniformly finely punctured. Face
strongly, but not closely punctured, the middle below impunc-
tate, finely, closely longitudinally striated. Middle of front
distinctly depressed, the sides of the depression irregularly
raised ; in the middle is a keel which is wide above, gradually
narrowed below. Temples two-thirds of the length of the
eyes, rounded behind. The part bordering the keel on the 2nd
abdominal segment at the base is stoutly transversely striated,
followed by a smooth space ; beyond is a long and a short
curved longitudinal keel, the outer more curved than the
inner ; inside are 4 stout, curved oblique keels, the keel be-
tween the 2 portions is flat and becomes gradually widened ; the
apex on the outersido is wide, depressed ; the struo on the
outerside of the 3rd segment are more curved and irregular
than are those down the middle. The apex is smooth and
shining ; the apex of the striated lateral parts depressed ;
there is a curved depression on the sides of the striated part of
the 4th segment near the apex. Centre of mesonotum depress-
ed at the apex.
This species should be known by the long malar space and
by the strongly striated metanotum.
Iphiaulax limativcntris, sp. now
Black, the antennal scape, head, pro- and mesothorax, the
anterior legs and the middle femora, red ; wings fuscous, the
nervures and stigma black ; the 1st and 2nd abdonimal segments
strongly, the 3rd more finely, except at the apex, and the basal
half of the 4th still more finely striated ; the 2nd segment as
long as the 1st, fully one fourth longer than wide, the 3rd
slightly longer than wide ; the raised central part of the 1st
segment deeply furrowed in the middle, the apex of the furrow
narrowed ta a point, the basal half 6f the sides raised, flat,
with a fovea at the base and apex, both obliquely narrowed at
the apex, almost the apical half of the sides depressed, the
depression divided by an oblique keel : the keel on the 2nd seg-
ment extends from the base to the apex, is not very broad
at the base and becomes gradually narrowed to a point,
and is closely, somewhat strongly striated; the raispci
B.l.Soc,, Jf0.48, 1907.
10 HYMKNOPTERA FROM BORNEO.
central part of the segment is not very clearly defined and
becomes slightly narrowed towards the apex, near which,
• on the sides, is a fovea, narrowed at the base and apex, longish,
the basal 3 segments, together, are almost as long as the head
and thorax. Face smooth in the middle, the sides sparsely
punctured ; the clypeus aciculated strongly. Metapleural
furrow wide, undivided. Temples rounded not narrowed ob-
liquely, as long as the top of the eyes ; the occiput transverse.
Apical half of niesonotum flat. Apex of ovipositor broadly
white. 9
Length 13 mm. ; terebra 24 mm.
Kuching. July.
Legs with the pubescence moderately dense and long.
Apical slope of metanotum with a stout keel bordered by dis-
tinct furrows. The outer furrow on the 1st abdominal seg-
ment is aciculated, the apex depressed and more shining ; the
base and apex of the basal and apical parts stoutly, transversely
striated, 4 on each end, the basal stouter than the apical. The
black ventral spots occupy almost the whole of the segments
Malar space as long as the eyes.
May be known by the long 2nd abdominal segment with
its striated keel extending from the base to the apex, by the
stout keel, bordered by furrows, on the apex of the metanotum
and by the long malar space. It is allied to I. longiceps which
has the apical slope of metanotum striated throughout, and
has the 2nd abdominal segment only as long as the 3rd. The
ventral marks are larger than usual.
Iphiaiilax declinatus, sp. now
Black, the antennal scape, head and thorax bright red ; the
fore legs of a more obscure red ; the middle tinged irregularly
with red ; wings fuscous the stigma and nervures black ; the
apex of the sheaths of the ovipositor from shortly beyond
the middle white. Basal half of 1st abdominal segment
smooth, impunctate ; unstriated ; the raised middle of the apical
half with a fine keel down its centre its sides clearly mar-
gined ; there are a few irregular striae on them ; the lateral
: ' : Jour. Straitf Branch,
HYMKNOPTEKA FROM BORNEO. 11
furrows wide, shallow, smooth. The area on the 2nd segment
becomes gradually narrowed to a tine point, longer than it is
wide at the base ; the part bordering it is irregularly, stoutly
reticulated ; the outer division is depressed in the middle and
obliquely striated, the striae more regular at the apex than at
the base ; the 1st transverse furrow is deep, stoutly, but not
closely crenulated ; at its sides near the outer edge is a large
irregular smooth space ; the 2nd furrow is narrower and more
closely crenulated ; there is a narrow, smooth furrow ou the
base of the 5th segment. Abdomen clearly longer than the
head and thorax united. There is a distinct furrow down the
centre of the front.
Allied to /. trichiothecus, Cam.; it is a stouter species, with
the back of the abdomen not suffused with rufous, the central
part of the 1st abdominal segment is of equal width, not nar-
rowed towards the apex, the central keel is much shorter, net
half the length of the segment, this keelless basal part being
perfectly smooth ; in t rich iolhet' its the keel extends from the
apex to the base, the sides being more or less striated -
reticulated.
Chaolta laticauda, sp. nov.
Red, the flagellum of antenna) hind legs, except the base
of coxas, the abdo.nen in the centre of the 1st segment, the
apical 3, and the sheaths of the ovipositor, black ; the middle
abdominal segments largely suffused with rufous ; wings
fuscous, tinged with violaceous, the nervures black, the stigma
black, suffused with testaceous. 2
Length 12 mm. ; terebra 13 mm.
Kuching. December.
The keel between the antenna? is stout; the plate is not
very prominent, broader than long depressed, gradually widen-
ed towards the apex ; the keel only extends to its base. Centre
of face broadly depressed, finely rugose, the sides rounded,
smooth. Tips of mandibles black. Flagellum of antennas
densely covered with short, stiff black pubescence. Thorax
long, narrow, flat above, without furrows ; tho metapleuraa
with a wide, shallow furrow in the middle. First abdominal
B A- 3oc , No. 48, 1907.
12 HYMENOPTERA FROM BORNEO.
segment flat, the centre clearly separated, of equal width, closely
longitudinally striated, the striae more distinct and more widely
separated at the apex ; the sides become slightly, gradually
wider towards the apex and are closely finely striated ; the 2nd,
3rd and 4th, segments are closely, distinctly longitudinally
striated, the striae becoming gradually weaker, and have oblique
furrows on the sides at the base ; the 2nd is raised in the mid-
dle, without an area.
The frontal plate is smaller, much less prominent than in
C.fmcipcnnis, Cam. ;and C. ntficeps, Cam. ; it differs, further,
in having the abdomen flatter, largely tinged w r ith rufous, the
sheaths of the ovipositor are broader and more densely pilose.
B. — On new Ichneumonidae.
Hytophatnm, gen. no v.
Head very little developed behind the eyes, the occiput
broadly rounded inwardly ; the face and clypeus flat, not sepa-
rated by a suture, the apex of the latter broadly rounded.
Mandibles not broad, the upper tooth long, sharp-pointed, the
sub-apical short, turned inwardly. Scutellum flat, longer than
wide, the sides not keeled. Metanotum short, the apex with
an oblique, straight slope ; the basal slope without clearly
defined areae, the areola only separated from the lateral by
being rough, instead of smooth and shining; the apical 3 are
separated only by the fact that the centre is depressed ; the only
distinct keel on the segment is one round the apical slope and
one round the top of the pleurae ; the former is dilated into a
blunt tooth near the middle ; there is a broad keel over the meta-
sternum. Post-petiole distinctly separated, depressed in the
middle at the base ; the gastracoeli broad, united by a deep
depression. Legs (especially the hinder) stout ; the hind
coxae larger and stouter than usual. Antennae longer than the
body> tapering towards the apex, not serrate. Areolet 5-
angled ; disco-cubital nervure unbroken ; the transverse median
nervure received shortly beyond the transverse basal.
The characteristics of this genus are the unseparated,
rounded at the apex, clypeus, short temples, longish malar
Jour. Straiti Branch,
HYMENOPTERA FROM BORNEO. 13
space, the long upper and short lower teeth of the mandibles,
the confluent basal are® of the metanotum, and the tuberculate
base of the post-scutellum. I am not sure, until the 9 is known
if it belongs to the Ichncumonini or to the Joppini.
Hytophatnus lineatus, sp. nov.
Black, the sides of the face broadly, of the clypeus nar-
rowly, the black central part on the clypeus being broader, and
more irregular than that on the face, mandibles, except at the
apex, palpi, the eye orbits — the line widened on the vertex —
a line on the pronotum, a broader one on the apical half of
the propleurse below, the mesopleuraB from shortly below the
middle, tubercles, tegulae, scutellums, a semicircular longi-
tudinal mark on the sides of the apex of the metanotum, the
rounded part on the outerside, a small and a larger mark
below the hind wings, a large irregular mark, narrowed above,
on the apex of the metapleurae and broad bands on the apices
of the abdominal segments yellow. Legs fulvous, the 4
anterior tinged with yellow in front, the coxae and trochanters
yellow, the hind coxee on the outerside broadly in the middle,
the hind knees and the apex of the hind tibiae, black ; the hind
tarsi yellow. Antennae broadly white in the middle. Wings
hyaline, the nervures and stigma black. 2 .
Length 9 mm.
Kuching. September.
Densely covered with a white clown ; smooth, the middle
of the face and the mesonotum weakly punctured, the meso-
notum with a plumbeous hue. Metanotum sparsely punctur-
ed, more densely haired than the rest of the thorax. The
post -petiole and the 2nd and 3rd segments closely longitudin-
ally reticulated-striated. Legs shortly, densely pilose.
Joppini.
Aulojoppa, gen. nov.
Head cubital, the temples wide, the occiput roundly in-
cised, not margined. Clypeus separated from the face, ita
B. A Soc, No. 48, 1907.
14 HYMENOPTERA FROM BORNEO.
apex broadly, distinctly round. Mandibles bioad, curved, the
teeth large clearly separated, sharply pointed, the upper longer
than the lower. Apical half of pronotum projecting, especially
at the apex, which forms an incision with the tegulae. Basal
slope of mesonotum with distinct parapsidal furrows. Scutel-
luni not much raised, not margined, wider than long. Meta-
notum regularly areolated the areola longish horse-shaped.
Apex of abdomen bluntly pointed ; it has an ovipositor as
long as the apical two segments united. Areolet 5-anglod ;
the 2nd transverse cubital nervure is faint, longer and mure
obliquely sloped; the transverse median nervure in hind
wings broken near the bottom.
The labrum is hidden ; the disco-cubital nervure unbroken
by a stump ; the transverse median nervure interstitial ; the
basal are© of metanotum confluent ; the cheeks are margined ;
the post-petiole is not clearly separated and closely longitudin-
ally striated ; the last abdominal segment large, as long as
the penultimate. The apex of the metanotum ends laterally
in 2 small, but distinct teeth. The hind femora reach to the
base of the 4th segment, the legs being short and slender.
Eyes large, parallel ; the malar space small. There are dis-
tinct parapsidal furrows on the base of the mesonotum.
The distinctive characteristics of this genus are the large,
cubital head, the rounded apex of the clypei^s, the distinct
furrows at the base of mesonotum, the broad scutellum and
the long projecting ovipositor.
Anlojoppa spilocepJiala, sp. nov.
Black, 2 large marks, roundly narrow T ed on the innerside,
on the sides of the face, the clypeus, except at the top, a large
pyriform mark — the narrowed end in front, — on the sides of the
vertex, a broad line in the middle of the outer orbits close to
the eyes, a line on the apical third of the pronotum, and of
th9 propleurai below tegulie, scutellum, a large, somewhat
triangular mark on the sides of the metanotum, covering the
spines, the base of the 1st abdominal segments and the apices
of the others — those on the 3rd, 4th and 5th broadly dilated
Jour, Straits Branch,
HYMENOPTERA FROM BORNEO. 15
laterally — the apical entirely, yellow. Le^s yellow ; the 4
anterior femora below, the posterior entirely, the hind coxse,
trochanters, femora and apex of tibiuB, rufofulvous. Antennas
black above, pale yellow below. Wings hyaline, the nervures
and stigma black. 9
fi«ngth 10 mm. ; terebra 1 mm.
Kuching. February.
Head smooth, shining; the front strongly, closely reti-
culated, the raised . central part of the face closely, finely
longitudinally striated. Mesonotum opaque, impunctate to-
wards the apex in the centre, irregularly, weakly striated.
Base of metauolum smooth ; the rest weakly irregularly longitu-
dinally striated. PropleursB smooth, irregularly striated in the
middle below ; the base and lower part of the mesopleurae
finely punctured, the metapleurae, if anything, more weakly
punctured. Post-petiole strongly, closely, the 2nd segment
weakly striated, except at the depressed base, where the stria-
tion is much stronger. The base and lower part of the sheath
of the ovipositor is pale yellow.
Cratojoppa ornaticeps, sp. no v.
Black, the face, except a broad line of equal width down
its middle, clypeus, mandibles except at apex, palpi, the inner
orbits, the line narrowed below and wide on the incision
opposite the ocelli — the incision gradually narrowed towards
the middle, the line going round the top and down the outer
orbits on which it becomes gradually widened from the top to
the bottom, a line on the sides of the pronotum, not extend-
ing on to the base, a line on the lower part of the base,
teguhe, tubercles, 2 longish lines in the middle of mesonotum,
the scutellur keels, sides of scutellum, post-scutollum, a tri-
angular mark — the narrowed end at the base — the apex with
a triangular incision, — behind the hind wings, an irregular
mark, gradually narrowed below, on the sides of the apical
slope of the metanotum, a broad line, extending from the base
to the apex, on the lower part of the mesopleurae, its base
oblique, straight, the apex narrowed and rounded, and broad
B. A. Hoc., No. 48, 1907,
16 HYMENOPTERA FROM BORNEO.
lines on the apices of the abdominal segments — the basal 5
dilated at the sides, the 6th of equal width, the 7th also of
equal width and occupying the apical three-fourths of the seg-
ment, — bright lemon-yellow. Antenna) broadly ringed with
white — the white part wider than the black basal or apical.
Legs yellow, the hind femora fulvous ; an irregular line,
dilated in the middle on the hinder part of the 4 anterior
femora, a line, nan-owed at the base, on the hinder part of the
4 anterior tibiae, the apical three joints of the 4 anterior tarsi,
the hind coxae, except broadly at the apex above and more
regularly and narrowly at the apex below the base of the basal
joint of the trochanters, the apical one more irregularly, and
the apical fourth of the hind femora and tibiae, black. Wings
hyaline, the nervures and stigma black. 9 .
Length 14 mm.
Kuching. June.
Head smooth, the face and clypeus sparsely punctured in
the middle ; it is wider than the thorax ; the temples wide,
roundly narrowed, the occiput roundly, deeply incised, mar-
gined. Pro- and mesothorax smooth ; the apex of propleura
obliquely, finely punctured ; the apical half of the raesono-
tum in the centre with large, deep punctures, placed irregu-
larly, the base in the centre weakly irregularly punctured.
Areola smooth ; the basal lateral areae of metanotum strongly
deeply punctured, the apical strongly transversely striated.
Pro- and upper half of mesopleurae smooth, the lower half of
the latter closely finely punctured ; the metapleuraa coarsely
punctured. Post-petiole finely, closely striated in the middle,
the sides with large scattered punctures; the 2nd, 3rd
and 4th segments are strongly, the 5th weakly longitudinally
striated.
C. rufo-femora, Cam. May be known by the areola being
irregularly strongly punctured on the apical half and by the
basal abdominal segments having separated spots, not con-
tinuous lines. From the Indian known species it may be
known by the black mark on the face, by the black areola,
which is also shorter and not transverse at the apex, but
rounded inwardly.
Jour. Straits Branch,
HYMENOPTERA FROM BORNEO. 17
CRYPTIN.E.
MesosUnoideus angulicollis, sp. nov.
Black, a large mark in the centre of the face, rounded
above, slightly narrowed below, a line on the sides, rounded,
narrowed above and below, clypeus, mandibles, except at the
apex, a line on the upper inner orbits, rounded, narrowed above
and below, a narrow line, interrupted in the middle, on the base
of the prothorax, a broad raised line in the middle of prbnotum,
tegulae, soutellums, metanotal spines, and broad lines on the
apices of the abdominal segments — the 1st and last broader
than the others, yellow. Legs reddish fulvous, the 4 anterior
coxae and trochanters and the upper side of the hind coxae,
yellow, the rest of the hind coxae, the apex of the hind fermora
and the base of their tibiae, black. Antennae broadly white
in the middle. Wings hyaline, the stigma and nervures black.
?.
Length 11 mm.
Kuching. February.
Head, if anything, wider than the thorax ; the face some-
what strongly punctured, the clypeus less closely punctured
above, smooth below, covered with white pubosence. The part
between the ocelli and the frontal depression bearing stout,
more or less, curved striae. Base of thorax above broadly
rounded ; a rounded incision between the yellow dilated part of
the pronotum and the black apex, which is rounded. Mesonotum
finely rugose, more or less striated at the base. Scutellum
roundly raised, longer than wide, the apex with a rounded
slope ; it is almost smooth ; the basal depression is large and
has 4 stout, slightly converging keels ; there are stout lateral
keels on the basal slope. On the metanotum there is a distinct
petiolar area, which is smooth and depressed at the base ; on the
apex are 3 stout irregular transverse striae ; the base on the
aides closely, mostly transversely reticulated ; the transverse
keel is stout and is roundly curved towards the base in the
middle ; the rest of the metanotum is strongly, widely reticulat-
ed, the reticulations irregular, more or less angled. The upper
R. A. Soc., No. 48, 1907.
18 HYMEXOPTERA FROM BORNEO.
part of the propleuroe is covered with close oblique striae, bordered
behind by a stout keel ; below it bear? stout, clearly separated,
longitudinal keels. Meso- and metapleurse stoutly reticulated,
covered with white pubescence ; the former with a large,
smooth and shining space at the apex. The 1st abdominal
segment is broad at the base, becoming gradually wider
towards the apex ; the sides are high, bordered above and below
and are roundly incised on the ventral side at the apex ; the
2nd and 3rd segments are closely, distinctly punctured ; the 4th
is weakly punctured, the others almost smooth. Metanotal
spines large, prominent, conical, yellow. Areolet longer along
the transverse cubital nervures than along the radius ; the 2nd
transverse cubital faint; the recurrent nervure is received
near the apex ; the transverse median behind the transverse
basal ; the transverse median in hind wings is broken not far
from the top of the lower third.
Mesostcnoidctis is a Mesostcnvs w T ith spined metanotum.
It may be as well to differentiate it from the Bomean allied
genus Vagcnatlxa. The differences may be expressed as follows :
Baie of thorax above transverse, laterally projecting into
stout, large teeth ; metanotum without a transverse keel and
no petiolar area; the lower sides of the petiole at the base
and apex spined, areolet larjje, Unger than wide.
Vagcnatha, Cam.
Base of thorax rounded, not toothed, metanotum with a
transverse keel and petiolar area, the lower sides of abdomin-
al petiole not spined ; areolet small, almost square.
MesostenoideuSf Ashm.
In M. anqulicollis % the labium is incised in the middle ;
this is not the case with M. carinisentes, Cam., from Sikkim ;
the latter species differs further in the scutellum being flat and
keeled to the top of the apical slope.
PlMPLIKE.
Accent tint,
Xoridesopus, gen. nov.
Areolet small, almost square. Disco-cubital nervure
unbroken. Transverse median nervure received distinctly
Jour. Straiti Branch,
HYMENOPTERA FROM BORNEO. 19
before the transverse basal. Transverse median nervure in
hind wings broken below the middle. Median segment with 2
transverse keels ; its spiracles small, longish oval. Hind legs
not unusually long, the basal joint of the hind tarsi as long as
the following 4 united the fore tibiae compressed at base. Apex
of clypeus transverse, depressed obliquely ; the apex bordered by
a keel which curls round the sides, where it is more distinct.
Apex of mandibles with 2 equally-sized teeth, clearly separat-
ed. Labrum large, projecting. Parapsidal furrows distinct
to shortly beyond the middle. Basal half of mesosternum
bordered by a curved furrow. Scutellum not prominent, not
margined. All the claws are simple, not toothed. Ovipositor
about one third of the length of the abdomen ; it issues from
the apex of the 5th segment ; the 6th and following segments
are cleft in the middle to receive it ; there is no prominent,
cultriform hypopygium. Temples short. Fore tibiaa short,
stout, broadly, distinctly narrowed at the base ; the hind coxaa
are more than twice longer than thick ; the fore tibiaa have
one, the posterior four have 2 moderately long spurs ; the
legs are slender and, except as regards the foretibias, are form-
ed as in the cryptina. The 1st abdominal segment is roundly
curved at the base ; its sides are keeled above and below ; the
spiracles are placed before the middle.
The only group in which this genus can be placed is the
Acocnitini ; the form of the 1st abdominal sogment and the
position of its spiracles separate it from the Cryptina, with
which it has a considerable resemblance. It has the inflated,
contracted at the base, tibiaa of the Xoridini, but not the
characteristic head of that group. On the other hand it has
not the ploughshare-shaped, prominent hypopygium of the
Acocnitini. So far as the alar neuration is concerned it is as
in the Cryptina, as e.g. in Mesostenus. The legs are shorter
and more slender than in the Acoenitini. For the present I
leave it in that tribe.
Xaridesopus annulicornis, sp. nov.
Black, the sides of the face, the orbits all round, the band
on the outer side becoming gradually widened below, the sidey
ft. A. Hoc., No. 48, 1907,
20 HYMEXOPTERA FROM BORXEO.
and top of the clypeus broadly, labrum, palpi, a line on the
lower edge of the propleurae, tegulae, a conical mark on the
apex of the middle lobe of mesonotum, scutellums, a square,
large mark between the two keels of metanotum, the apical slope
except a small square black mark in the middle of the apex,
tubercles, a mark, with the apical two-thirds dilated, the
basal narrowed, its base projecting upwards and downwards,
the base of the dilated part roundly curved upwards, the apex
straight, oblique on the lower part of mesopleurae, a conical
mark below the hind wings, the upper part of the metapleursa
broadly, the base of the 1st abdominal segment, broadly, the
apices of the 1st to 6th, the bands dilated backwards on the
sides, a broad band on the middle and sides of the 7th seg-
ment, laterally projecting to the base, and the apex of the
8th broadly, above projecting to the base, where it becomes
gradually narrowed, and the ventral segments, except the last,
yellow. Antennae pale yellow, the base and apex broadly
black, the base more broadly than the apex — the 4 basal and
the basal half of the 5th and the apical 7 joints. Legs with
the coxes pale yellow, the apical half of the hinder black below,
the mark incised in the middle ; the femora and trochanters
fulvous, the hinder deeper in tint than the anterior, the tibiae
yellow, tinged with fulvous ; the 4 anterior tarsi fuscous, the
hinder white; the apex of the hind femora broadly black,
wings hyaline, the nervures and stigma black. 9 •
Length 12 mm. ; terebra 2\ mm.
Kuching. December.
Head smooth, the face sparsely pilose. Pro- and meso-
thorax smooth ; the depression on propleuraa broadly striat-
ed ; the upper part of the mesopleurae depression striated more
stoutly. Base of metanotum finely closely, longitudinally
striated, the striae interlacing ; the part between the keels
finely longitudinally reticulated ; the apical slope coarsely
transversely striated. Metapleurse smooth at the base, the rest
somewhat stoutly, obliquely striated. Basal 4 segments of
abdomen closely punctured, the puncturatiorubecoming gradu-
. ally weaker. Hind tibiae and tarsi sparsely, but distinctly
: fepinoso.
Jour. Sf raits Branch,
HYMEXOPTERA FROM BORNEO. 21
Hadrocryptiis dentatus, sp. no v.
Black ; the facial tubercle, sides of face — the line slightly
broader than the black central part — clypeus, labrum, a line on
the upper inner orbits to the end of the top of the eyes, the outer
to near the outer edge, base of mandibles to near the middle,
base of pronotum, a longish oval mark on the sides of the
middle lobe of mesonotum at the base another at the apex ;
scutellar keels, scutellum except at the base, post-scutellum,
the keels at the sides of both, a broad reversed T-shaped mark
on the apex of metanotum, its top rounded, the sides blunter,
a curved line on the apex of propleurae, tubercles, a mark,
longer than wide, on the lower third of the apex of meso-
pleurae, the apex of metapleurio broadly, the mark obliquely
narrowed above and below, and broad bands on the apices of
the abdominal segments, the apical dilated backwards on the
sides to the base of the segments, yellow. Four front legs
yellow, the femora tinged above with fulvous ; the hinder
yellow, their femora tinged with fulvous, the outer side of the
coxae, the inner to near the apex, the apical joint of the troch-
anters on the innerside, the base of the femora narrowly, the
apex more broadly — the band as long as the 2nd tarsal joint —
and the apical 2 joints of the 4 anterior tarsi, black. The
5th to 13th joints of antennae white. Wings hyaline, the
nervures and stigma black. 2 .
Length 15 mm. ; terebra 6 mm.
Kuching, Borneo. June.
Facial tubercle prominent, longish oval, twice longer than
wide, blunter pointed and broader below than above, strongly
punctured. Face and clypeus strongly punctured, the latter
less strongly than the former ; the apex of the clypeus trans-
verse, the sides slightly projecting and there is a minute
tubercle in the middle ; the lateral projections leaf-like.
Front and vertex smooth, punctured behind the ocelli. Meso-
notum smooth, the apox in the middle finely punctured.
Scutellum distinctly, not very closely punctured, the apical
slope striated. The base of the metanotum has the basal half
B. A. Hoc., No. 48, 1907.
22 HYMENOPTERA FKOM BORNEO.
smooth, the apical closely punctured ; the space between the
2 keels reticulated, finely at the base, which, at the sides, is
longitudinally striated ; the apical slope is strongly, irregularly
transversely striated. Propleurso smooth, the middle depres-
sion striated, the striae becoming longer towards the apex.
Mesopleurae, except at the apex, closely punctured, behind
the dilated smooth apex is a band of clearly separated
punctures; the lower part is more or less striated. Meta-
pleune smooth, sparsely, but distinctly punctured at the base,
the rest closely, stoutly obliquely striated. The dilated half
of the petiole is sparsely distinctly punctured ; on its apical
half (of the apex) is an oval, longish, depression ; at the base
of this is a longish, more clearly defined longitudinal furrow,
with obliquely sloped sides ; the petiole is narrowed at the
extreme base ; from there it becomes gradually widenod to-
wards the apex ; it is finely punctured ; the 2nd, 3rd and 4th
segments are closely, distinctly punctured, the puncturation
becoming gradually weaker. Aroolet large, longer along the
radius than on the transverse cubital uervures, 5-angled ; the
recurrent nervure is received shortly beyond the middle.
Under the middle of the petiole, on the sides, are 4 short,
distinct teeth ; the basal 2 are more widely separated than are
the apical, which are separated from each other by a slightly
less distance than they are from the basal pair. The trans-
verse median nervure in the hind wings is broken shortly, but
distinctly below the middle.
This species may bo known from H. Jiasutus, Cam., and
H. tuberculatus, Cam., from the Eastern Himalaya by the teeth
on the lowerside of the abdominal petiole, and by there being
a small mark on the apex of the mesopleurae instead of a large
long mark, narrowed at the base along the lowerside, extend-
ing from near the base to the apex.
C — On two new species of Mcllinus-
Mellinus nigrolineatus, sp. nov.
Thorax pale testaceous, the metanotum pale yellow, the
abdomen rufo-testaceous ; the head, a broad line in the middle
J our. Straits Branefa,
HYMENOPTEUA FROM BORNEO. 23
of the basal half of mesonotum, a slightly narrower one on the
apical three-fourths down the sides, the furrow at the base of
the scutelluin, the metanotal area, the central furrow, its apex,
the centre of propleurae broadly, the mesosternura, the apex of
mesopleurac and the base of metapleurae, black ; the apex of
the petiole and the base of the dilated part broadly, infuscated ;
antennae black, the scape yellowish, the basal joints of flagel-
lum testaceous below. Wings hyaline, iridescent, the costa,
stigma and nervures fuscous. 9 .
Length 10 mm.
Kuching. January 14 th.
Face and clypeus densely covered with silvery pubes-
cence as are also, but less densely, the sides of the front ; the
vertex is smooth, shining and sparsely haired. Below the
antennae is a transverse keel ; between it and the base of the
antennae is a longitudinal plate, rounded and narrowed in the
middle. Eyes large slightly diverging below, coarsely facet-
ted. Thorax smooth, shining, sparsely haired ; the furrow
at the base of scutellum, stoutly crenulated. On either side
of the metanotal area are six stout, clearly separated keels.
The base of propleurao stoutly, irregularly striated. The dilat-
ed apex of petiole large, longer than wide, pyriform. The
mandibles are testaceous, tinged with yellow-collar transverse,
margined at the base. Tibiae fringed with white hair ; the
tarsi covered with darker, shorter, stiffer hair. The apical
half of the metanotum has the sides transversely striated.
The petiole is distinctly, roundly curved and is much more
dilated than in pygmacm or arvensis ; it is longer than the
following 2 segments united.
Mellinus nigromaculatus, sp. nov.
Bufo-testaceous, the head, the 3rd and following segments
of the antennae, a small irregular spot on the sides of the meso-
notum at the base, a larger one near tho centre, the furrows at
the base and sides of the scutellum, the metanotal area, upper
part of furrow, the base of mesopleuraa broadly, of the meta-
pleuro narrowly on lower half and the mesosternum, the
ft. ▲, Soc., 2*0. 48, 1007.
24 HYxMENOPTERA FROM BORNEO.
mark roundly dilated on to the mesopleurae, black. Legs
coloured like the body, but paler, the hinder darker tinted
than the anterior. Head densely covered with silvery pubes-
cence ; the front with a distinct keel down the middle ;
except at the ocelli the front and vertex are dark rufo-testace-
ous. Mandibles yellowish to beyond the middle ; the apex
black, the part behind it rufo-testaceous. Antennal plate
Btout, roundly narrowed in the middle ; there is no transverse
keel below it. Scutellar furrow irregularly crenulated. Meta-
notal area large ; in its middle are two widely separated keels ;
on either side are a few irregular striae. Abdominal petiole
curved, thickly nodose at the apex ; it is as long as the follow-
ing 2 segments united. Thorax sparsely covered with pale
and fuscous hair. The keel bordering the base of the apex of
pronotum is narrow, and is thinner in the middle than at the
sides. Basal two segments of antennae pale yellow, the others
black, brownish below. Wings hyaline, highly iridescent, the
stigma and nervures dark fuscous. ? .
Length 8 mm.
Kuching. November 13th.
There may be a black mark in the middle of the meso-
notum, forming a triangle with the basal pair. Ocelli in a
triangle, the hinder bordered by a furrow on the outer side
and separated from the eyes by a distinctly greater distance
than they are from each other. Sides of pronotum at base
roundly narrowed.
There are now three species of Mcllinus known from
Borneo. They may be separated thus :
Thorax black ; the head and thorax covered with gold-
en pubescence; the metanotal area not clearly
defined ... ... ... crabriformis, Sni.
(b.) Thorax testaceous, marked with black ; the pubescence
on the head and thorax silvery ; the metanotal area
clearly denned, depressed.
Mesonotum with 3 large black linen ; the head black,
entirely, the collar transverse, the sides not nar-
rowed, a transverse keel on the face below the
antennrc ... ... ... nigrolineatus.
Jour. Straits Branca,
HYMKXOlTfiRA FKOM BORNEO. 25
Mesonotam with 3 spots in a curve ; the head black
and testaceous, the collar broadly, distinctly round-
ly narrowed, no transverse keel below the an-
tenna* ... ... ... nigromaculatus.
D,— On some Vespidze.
Icaria parvimaculata, sp. now
Black, a short line on the base of the mandibles, a small
mark on the sides of the clyi>eus shortly above the middle,
2, almost united, lines on the base of the post-scutellum, a line
down the sides of metanotum, straight on the inner, rounded
on the outerside, a short line, dilated backwards in the middle,
a narrow line on the apex of the 2nd abdominal segment and
a narrow indistinct one on the apex of pronotum, pale yellow ;
wings hyaline, the apex broadly smoky in front, the stigma
and nervures black in front. 9 .
Length to end of 2nd abdominal segment 6 mm.
Marup. May (J. Hewitt).
First abdominal segment as long as the second ; its base
narrow, the apex dilated roundly above, becoming gradually
higher above ; seen laterally the segment becomes gradually
widened from the base to the apex ; the 2nd segment cup-
shaped, roundly narrowed at the base, shorter than it
is wide at the apex, closely distinctly, almost unifonnly
punctured, the punctures more or less interlacing ; the first
segment smooth, shining ; both are sparsely covered with
white pubesence. Clypeus very shining, very sparsely punctur-
ed, almost smooth on the lower, more distinctly and closely
on the upper half ; it is slightly broader than it is long and
ends in a distinct tooth.
In its black colouration this species approaches I. lugu-
bris, Sin. and I. flavolincata, Cam., but it cannot be confound-
ed with either ; in form it more resembles I. vialayana and
/. ornaticeps.
ft. A. ?OC., So. 48, 1907.
26 HYMENOPTERA FROM BORNEO.
Icaria intermedia, Cam.
This species (described from Java, Tijdsch. voor Ent.
XLVIII) has been taken at Transan, Borneo in August. The
band on the apex of the 2nd abdominal segment is slightly
narrowed at the base in the middle.
Icaria maculifrons, Cam.
A very dark, blackish example of this species has been
taken at Merdang in December.
Icaria artifex, Sauss.
Two very dissimilar specimens, as regards the size of
yellow marks and their shape — one from Kuching in March,
the other from Sadong in August. The usual yellow line on
the sides of the petiole may be absent or greatly reduced ; the
shape of the marks on the 2nd abdominal segment varies, and
the line on the clypeus may be black or red.
Jour. Straits Brantfa,
A Pelandok Tale. #
The story is told that once on a time in the old on days the
king of a certain country was out hunting, ho had been out
many days and had got nothing. Owing to the noise that was
made by all his followers all the animals had run right away.
A certain pelandok was also running away. While he was
busy running along glancing to the right and to the left, he
came to a certain place where there was a pond, into which
he fell. He swam to the west and ho swam to the east look-
ing for a place to get up but he could not find one. While he
was in this fix an elephant passed. Now at that time of day
there happened to be a very big storm indeed with thunder
booming and lightning crackling hither and thither. When
the pelandok saw the elephant, he said to him, " Ho Ka Sang
Gajah, are you not afraid that the sky will fall in? Just
listen to the noiso, rum rum."
The elephant said, " If the sky is really going to tumble
in, I am afraid it may hit me, and if it hits me I shall die."
The elephant then said, " What are you doing down
there in that very deep well ? "
The pelandok replied, " Oh I have two reasons for being in
this well, first I ran away from this sky that is going to fall
in, then secondly I saw very rare game in this well which has
never been seen by my grand- fathers, great-grand-fathers,
great-groat-grand-fathers or great-great-great-grand-fathers,
who were before me."
The elephant then said, " If that is really so, may I also
come in and get away from this sky that is on the point of
failing in ? May I too see this game ? "
The pelandok said, " If you are frightened and if you want
to see this game, come along."
* This tale is by Penghulu Mohamed Noordin bin Jaffa r of Kota
8tia, Lower I'erak. The source is unknown.
ft. A. Soc., Xo. 48, 1907.
28 A PELANDOK TALE.
So the elephant tumbled right down into tho woll. After
that a tiger came along, on whom the same trick was played.
And then a rhinoceros on whom the same trick was played.
And then a deer on whom the same trick was played. And
then a wild pig on whom the same trick was played. When
they were all inside the well, the pelandok said, 41 Hei, I fooled
you that time."
When the tiger heard what the pelandok said he (the tiger)
said, " Very good, Salam di Rimba, if over I get out of this well,
I will eat you."
While he was saying this the pelandok took a piece of
wood and began to tease the elephant. The elephant said,
" Stop that, or I shall kick you." But the pelandok paid no
attention and went on teasing. At last the elephant kicked
him right up on to the ground outside, saying, ** Now you aro
sure to be killed when struck by the sky."
The pelandok said, " Oh that was merely my cunning. I
wanted to get out and could not, so 1 said the sky would fall
in,"
Just then the tiger scrambled up to the edge and got away
into the jungle, saying as he went " If ever I catch you, I'll
eat you."
After that the pelandok went to some people and saidi
44 Hoo ee . . . . gentles and lords, in that well there, there aro
many beasts. Elephants, rhinoceroses, pigs and deer have
fallen into it. You can go and take them."
After that ho went on his way. The tiger also went on
bis, looking for the pelandok, but the pelandok kept on moving.
After two or three days the pelandok came across a very large
hornets' nest. Indeed the noise of the hornets could be hoard
about twenty?yards away. He walked on very slowly carrying
a leaf with him, and then he sat down near the hornets' nest
which he gentle fanned. A short time aftor he was so seatod
the tiger came along and said to him, 4< This time I really
will eat you, Salam di Eimba."
Jour. Straits Branch,
A PELANDOK TALE. 29
The pelandok said, " Don't talk of eating me when I have
had orders from King Solomon to take care of his gong."
The tiger said, " Is that really King Solomon's gong that
you are looking after ? "
The pelandok answered/ 4 Are you deaf ? Listen care-
fully. Does not it sound hy itself? When it is struck
its sound is wonderfully sweet. So delicious is it that perhaps
if you were to hear it you could neither eat nor sleep."
The tiger said, " Hei Salam di Kimba, may I try and strike
it? I am very anxious to listen to the sound."
The pelandok answered, " Ka Sang Rimau, you are
speaking like a madman. You are speaking as if it were my
own. Still I don't know. If you very much want to hear
it I will go and tell King Solomon. If he allows it, you may
strike. But mind you strike it when I say you may, and not
before."
The tiger replied, " Very well.'' So the pelandok rushed
away. When he got some way off he said, " Ho Ka Sang
Rimau, King Solomon commands you to strike." When the
tiger heard that he struck it with his paw. The hornets stung
him all over his body. The tiger ran here and there in very great
pain. He threw his whole soul into his running.
The tiger said, " Very good. I have not got hold of you
yet : but if ever I do meet you, there is not the slightest doubt
that I will eat you."
After that the pelandok walked on very hungry and looking
for some food. Two or three days later he came across a very
large and extremely handsomely striped python. Its coils
were just like a very handsomely striped cloth. The pelandok
sat down by it. The tiger walked on in a rage looking for the
pelandok. At last he met him and said to him, " This time
your doom has overtaken you, Salam di Rimba."
The pelandok said, " Don't keep on talking of dooms.
Look first. What is this ? Do you know its name ? "
B. A. Hoc., No. 48, 1907.
30 A PELANDOK TALE.
The tiger went close to look at the python and said, " Hei
Salam di Rimba, what is this called ? ''
The pelandok replied, " This is what I have been ordered
by my lord King Solomon to take care of. It is called King
Solomon's waist-cloth. This handsome cloth descended to
him from his ancestors. Its great charm lies in the fact that
it prevents one from dying. If it is worn for an hour, you are
not likely to die for at least a year after that."
The tiger thought, perhaps what he says is true, so he
said " Hei Salam di Rimba let me put it on for an hour, for I
am not very well able to search after my food."
Then Salam di Rimba replied, " Hei Ka Sang Rimau,
just reflect a moment. Is it right ? I nor my ancestors have
never seen a cloth like this, lot alone possessed one. This is
King Solomon's own and I have been ordered by him to take
care of it. Still if you are really want to try it, wait a bit till
I first go and lay your request before King Solomon."
The tiger said, " Make haste Salam di Rimba. for I am
very hungry."
So the pelandok rushed off swiftly* A little later he
called out from a distance. " Ho Ka Sang Rimau, put it on,
put it on."
So the tiger took 'the python's head and put it round his
waist. The snake gave him a terrific squeeze and the tiger
jumped here and there like a stuck fowl, half dead, struggling
to escape from the snake's coils. At last he managed to get
free. He was till more incensed against the pelandok. He
went on his way looking out for some food, and peering here
and there for the pelandok. The pelandok also went away from
that place. At last about five or six days after, he met the tiger.
The tiger said, " This very day your doom has newly overtaken
you Salam di Rimba."
The pelandok answered, " What is to be done ? Still
I would like to ask you one thing."
The tiger said, M What do you want to ask ? "
Jour. Straits Branch,
A PELANDOK TALE. 31
The pelandok said, " If you want to eat me please swal-
low me whole without crunching me. If you crunch me up
I will live, but if you swallow me, I will die. Then too you must
swallow me head foremost. If you swallow me tail first I will
live, but if head first I will die."
The tiger said, M Very well." Thereafter he swallowed the
pelandok whole, head first. After he had been swallowed, the
pelandok worked its way through the tiger's stomach and pro-
ceeded to stick his head out of the tiger's fundament. The
tiger rejoiced greatly at having disposed of the pelandok and
went on seeking for his food. He came across a pig. He
crouched down to wait for it. The pelandok knew that the
tiger was lurking for that pig so he called out, " Ho, pig, pig,
pig, run away. This tiger is going to spring on you."
When the pig heard that he ran away. The tiger said,
M Curse this fundament of mine. It is making a noise every
day. It never used to do that."
So he searched for a tree stump and rubbed himself
against it till his back was all bloody. In fact after the tiger
swallowed the pelandok he never got a tiling to eat and so he
became very hungry. When he had been several days without
food, and was ravenously hungry, the tiger went after a man
who was making a clearing in the jungle, and lay in wait to
catch him. The pelandok knew that the tiger wanted to
catch the man who was busy in the clearing so he called out,
'* Ho you there in the clearing, run away, the tiger wants to
catch you."
When the man heard a voice like that he ran off. The
tiger was very astonished that his hindquarters should speak
like that. He was very angry indeed with his back. So he
scratched himself against every tree until he was covered
with blood. Finally his back became flyblown and covered
with a great many large maggots. Also he became unable to
walk owing to the length of time that he had been unable to
get anything to eat. At last he died. The pelandok also was
very hungry, for for a long time he too had had no food. He
was tremendously thirsty. So he got out and went hither and
E. A. Hoc, No. 48, 1907.
32 A PELANDOK TALE.
thither but could get nothing to eat or drink. At last he got to
a river where he had a drink. He noticed on the other bunk
fruit which he could eat. Then he looked carefully for
a minute and thought, " How am I to get across ? I
don't think I am able, for I am very weak."
Then he had an inspiration, " I had better call sisters
Sang Garagi, and say that they have all been ordered by King
Solomon to come to the top of the water and that I have
been ordered to take a census of all that are in the river."
After that all the crocodiles that were in that river came
to the top of the water. The pelandok said, " Eider sisters
Sang Garagi, arrange yourselves properly please, head to head
so that I can count you easily."
The crocodiles then arranged themselves from one side
of the river right across to the other bank. After that the
pelandok jumped on to the heads of the crocodiles counting,
4 One, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten," and
so on till he got across. When he reached it he jumped up
on to the dry ground and said, " Hei, that was my cunning.
I wanted to get across and could not, so I told you of King
Solomon's order."
Then he had his meal. The crocodile said, " You had
better not come here to drink, we will catch you and then only
will be satisfied."
Some days after, what with his walking and his looking
for his food, the pelandok became very thirsty and went to
the river bank to drink. A crocodile came and caught him
by the foot. The pelandok said, " Do you think that you
have caught my foot? Is it not a twig that you have
caught ? "
The crocodile thought, " Perhaps that is so, for I do not
feel any flesh and it tastes just like a piece of wood."
So the crocodile let go and the pelandok sprang up the
bank and said, " Hei, that was only my cunning. You really
had my foot, but I said that it was a branch."
Jotp. Strait* Branch,
A PELANDOK TALE. 33
After that the pelandok went on to the sea side to a place
where some men lived who had fishing stakes. When he got
near he heard the men in the fishing village making a com-
motion because the whole of their fish disappeared, being eaten
up every day by some animal. The pelandok thought what
can this be that eats all the men's fish. So one day when all
the men had gone to sea he crept below a house in the village.
Ho had lain there only a minute when a giant came along,
and quite devoured all of the fish in the village. The pelandok
thought, " It seems that it is this evil giant that is devouring
all these men's fish."
Then he said, " Good, to-morrow I will give him some
medicine."
After that all the men came back from the sea to the
village and saw that their fish were again finished. They said,
" Who is it that devours our fish ? if we only knew we
would kill him."
After that the next day the men once more went away to
sea, and the pelandok came into the village and looked round
for a piece of rotan with which to make a running noose.
While he was busy fixing the loop the giant came along to eat
the fish and found the pelandok busy making the knot. The
giant said, " Hei Salam di Rimba, what are you doing there? "
The pelandok replied, " Two things only, first to increase
the deadliness of my eye teeth and second to make a medicine
for all stiffnesses of joints or bones."
A little later the pelandok said, " Granpa, I want to sleep
a little. Don't disturb me." — " Very well." — " When my eyes
wink that is a sign that I am asleep." — When my eyes are
closed that is a sign that I am asleep."
The pelandok then threw himself down and closed his eyes.
The giant thought perhaps in a little he will wink. The giant
saw the pelandok's eyes wink, so he thought that he really was
asleep. The giant then touched the pelandok 's eye teeth
saying, " Is this, this very deadly thing ? It ought not to
be so judging from its size."
B. iL Soc., No. 48, 19J7.
*9
34 A PELANDOK TALE.
After this the pelandok got up from his sleep and the
giant said, " Hei Salam di Rimba, I want to sleep now."
The giant really went to sleep, so the pelandok took some
hot ashes and put them on the giant's paw, while he himself
sat down a little way off. After that the giant began to hop
about owing to his burnt hand. The pelandok pretended to
be alarmed and said, " What has happened granpa to make
you jump like that ? What is the matter ? " My hand got so
tremendously hot that I started from my sleep." " Perhaps
granpa, you interfered with my eye teeth when I was asleep
just now." " That is true, I did just touch them." " That is
the deadly poison of my eye teeth, I told you not to touch
them. And now your body suffers, granpa."
The giant became rather frightened because of Salam di
Rimba and his many pieces of magic. The pelandok then be-
gan to make a knot. The giant said, " What are you doing
Salam di Rimba ? " "I want to make some medicine for all the
illnesses of the joints and bones and all tiredness and all pains
in any part of the body."
The giant thought, that is true because he knows a great
deal of magic. So he said, " Salam di Rimba, I am in
pain, can you give me this medicine ? " "If granpa asks help,
his grandchild will be glad to give assistance." " Apply it."
So the pelandok took a loop and passed it round both his
knees and his elbows and struck the knot till it was quite tight.
Then he said, " How are you, granpa ? Try and move a little.
Can you or not ? " " I can't move the least little bit." " Wait
a little longer and all your illnesses will quite disappear, " I
am going to look for the leaf of the perambas in the forest
and also some w 7 ater from a knot of a tree." " Be quick. If
you are late the owners of the house will all return."
The pelandok went off into the jungle and never came back.
A little later the men came back from the sea and found the
giant trussed up in the house with all his joints securely tied.
They said, " This is what has been eating our fish all this time."
So they beat and stabbed the giant till he died.
Jour. Straits Branch,
A PELANDOK TALE. 35
The pelandok went on looking for his food up stream and
down stream. At last he met a man who was busy hollowing
out a sampan. The pelandok said, " Perhaps you may make
a boat : perhaps you may not." The man paid close attention
to what the pelandok was saying and understood that the
pelandok was making fun of him. So he took a shaving
and thew it at the pelandok and hit him on the rump, where
it broke. After that the pelandok went back to find his wife.
When he reached her he said, " Hooee, hooee, this time pro-
bably we shall be divorced." His wife replied, " Why do
you say that ? " Her husband said, " I have been hit by that
man, who is making a boat with a shaving. This is it on my
rump."
After that in about ten days he died and left his wife who
was with child. And that is why to this day every pelandok
has a white chip on his rump.
A Pelandok Tale.
AlkSsah makaadalah pada zaraan dahulu kala kapada satu
hari -raja didalam satu nSgeri itu, pergilah ia bSrburu maka b€-
bSrapa hari sa'ekor pun tiada dapat. Maka d&ngan s&bah bhana
bunyi orange raja bSrburu itu, maka sgkalian binatang habis
88 mu any a bSrkalarian. Maka adalah sa'ekor p£ land ok lari juga
ia. Didalam ia t&ngah berlarian itu. matanya mSmandang ka-
kiri, dan ka-kanan, maka tiba-tiba sain pail ah ia kapada satu
kolam, maka jatohlah ia ka-dalam kolam itu. Dan b&rnang-lah-
ia ka-barat, dan ka-timor, m&nchari tSmpat h&ndak naik ka-
atas, tiada 1 ah dapat ia hgndak naik. KSmudian didalam antara
itu, lalu sa'ekor gajah. Dan waktu itu hari pun tfirlalu besar
ribut sfcrta halalintar, dan kilat sabong m&nyabong sahaja.
ft. 1. Soc., No. 48, 1907.
36 A PELANDOK TALE.
KSmudian di-t&ngok oleb pfclandok itu gajah, maka kata pSlan-
dok, " Hei Ka Sang Gajah tiadakati Ka Sang Oajah takut itu
langit hSndak runtoh, rum ram sahaja bunyinya itu." Maka
jawab gajah, " Jlkalau be*tul langit hgndak runtoh t£ntu aku di-
timpanya, maka apabila di-timpanya tSntu aku raati." Maka
kata gajah, " Apa Sal am di Rimba buat didalam tdlaga yang
baiigat dalara itu ? " Maka jawab Sal am di Rimba, u Dua p$r-
kara maksud aku didalam t£laga ini. Pertamauya aku lari
d&ripada langit hSndak runtoh itu. Kaduanya aku mSlihat
pSmainan yang sangat Sndah didalam teMaga ini, yang bSlum
p&rnah di-lihat ojeh da toh nenek moyang munyit aku dahulu
dahulu." Maka kata gajah, " Jika be*tul bag itu bo 1 eh la h aku,
Salam di Rimba, m^numpang lari d&ripada langit hSndak runtoh
s&rta me'nSngok p&mainan itu ? " Maka jawab pSbmdok, " Jika
takut, dan h&ndak m$n£ngok pSmainan marilah b&rsama-saraa
kita." KSmudian gajah ini pun terjuulah kadalam telaga itu.
KSmudian lalu pula ha rim a u dSmikian juga. KSmudian
lalu pula badak dSmikian juga. KSmudian lalu pula rusa dS-
mikian juga. KSmudian lalu pula babi dSmikian jugra. Maka
teMab habislah kadalam tSlaga itu, maka kata p&landok, " ilei
kechek aku sahaja." Maka t$Uh m£ud$ngarlah harimau itu
akan pSrkataan p&landok demikian itu, maka kata harimau,
44 Baiklah kamu Salam di Rimba, jikalau aku 16 pas ddripada
telaga ini te*ntu akulah makan juga kamu." K&mudian didalam
antara itu di-ambil oleh pelandok satu kgrat kayu di-petiknya
buah peMir gajah itu maka kata gajah, " Jangan di-pStik buah
pelir aku itu, kamu aku sSpakkan sSkarang." Maka tiadalah
di-fddulikan oleh pSlandok itu, dan pfctiknya juga buah pelir
gajah itu. K&mudian di-sepakkannya gajah pelandok itu l&pas-
lah ia ka-darats$rta kata gajah itu, '' Mampuslah kamu di-timpa
langit" Maka kata p&landok, " Ilei akal aku sahaja. Ilfindak
naik aku tiada lalu, aku kwtakan langit hSndak runtoh." Maka
didalam hal yang demikian itu, ini harimau ia panjattdpi tSlaga
itu, 1 6 pas- 1 ah juga ia ka-darat maka kata harimau itu, u Baiklah
masihkan aku tiada bSrjumpa dSngan kamu aku hSndak makan
juga." KSmudian ini pelandok pun pergilah ia pada orang s6r-
ta ia khabar, katanya, u liuee inche, inche, tuan, tuan itu,
didalam tftlaga itu, banyak-banyak binatang sudah jatoh, gajah,
badak, babi, rusa ada disitu, boleh ^Srgi ambil." Habis itu ia
Jour. Straits Branch
A PELANDOK TALE. 37
lalu berjalan. Maka harimau itu bSrjalan ia h$ttdak mftnchari
pSIandok itu. dan pSlandok itu berjalan juga.
KSniudian didalam antara dua tiga hari bgrjumpa pula ia
dgngan satu sarang tabuan yang amat bSsar, kira-kira sapuloh
dfcpa jauhnya bunyi tabuan itu. Maka b&rjalanlah ia pdrlahan-
lahan sSrta di-bawanya satu halei daun kayu, lalu dudok dia
d&kat dSngan sarang tabuan itu di-kirap-kirapuya itu sarang
tabuan. K3mudian tiada bSrapa lamanya ia dudok di-tSpi
datanglah harimau kapadanya s&rta kata harimau itu, " Ini
sakali t$ntulah kamu Sal am di Rimba aku makan." Maka kata
p&landok itu, " Jangan tSrmakan-makan ; aku ini di-surohkan
oleh raja Suleyman mSnunggu gongnya." Maka kata harimau,
11 Yakah gong raja Suleyman yang kamu tuntrgu itu ? " Maka
jawab p&landok, u Pekakkah t&linga angkau ? Ka Sang Hari-
mau. choba d$ngar baik-baik. Bukankah ia bSrbunyi sSndiri
8ahaja ? ini jikalau di-pukol tSrlalu m$rdu bunyinya. Barang-
kali Ka Sang Harimau tiada lalu makan dan tidor kgrana lazzat
bunyi gong ini." KSmudian kata harimau, '* Iiei Salam di Rimba
bo I eh k ah aku hSndak m 6 rasa mSmukolnya ? Saugat aku h8n-
dak m8nd$ngar bunyiny«." Maka jawab pSlandok, " Ka Sang
Harimau ini sSpSrti orang gila pula bunyi chakapnya. Itu
sftpgrti kita punya sSndiri pula rupanya. Entah, jikalau sangat
h&ndak Ka Sang Harimau mgndSngarnya, bolehlah aku maalum-
kan pada raja Suleyman. Jika ia bSnarkan boleh Ka Sang Hari-
mau pukol. Maka apabila aku kata pukollah baharulah Ka San£
Harimau pukol. " Maka jawab harimau, " Baiklah." Maka
p&landok pun b&rhambatlah ia pergi, sSrta sampai-lah ia sudah
jauh katanya, 4i Ho Ka Sang Harimau, titah raja Suleyman
pukol-lah." K3mudian di-dSngar oleh harimau ini, maka ia
pukol dSngan tangannya. Maka sSkalian tabuan itu pun m8ng-
gigit sSkalian badan harimau ini. Maka ia berlari-larilah ia dSngan
kasakitannya amat sangat dfcngan sa-habis ujud ia bSrlari-lari
itu Maka katanya harimau, " Baiklah masih aku tiada berjumpa,
jika aku berjumpa tSntulah aku makan juga dSngan tiada boleh
tidak."
KSmudian ini pglandok pun bSrjalanlah ia dSngan kalaparan
m&nchari maka nan. Maka antara dua tiga hari bSrjumpalah ia
dSngan sa-ekor ular sawah yang amat bSsar, yang amat elok
B. ▲. Sac, No. 48, 1907.
38 A PELANDOK TALE.
rupa bSlang kulitnya, sa-umpama kain chindai rupanya, bfcrling-
kar-lingkar. Maka dudok ia peMandok dSkat lingkir sawah itu.
Dan harimau pun bgrjalanlah ia d$ngan marahnya akan p&landok
itu. Maka didalam hal dSmikian bSrjurapalah dSngan itu pSlau-
dok. Maka kata harimau, " Sa-kali ini sampailah bukum angkau,
Salam di Rimba." Maka kata pglandok, " Jangan t8bukum-huk-
um sahaja. Te*ngok dahulu, ini apa adakah, Ka Sang Hari-
niau tahu apa namanya ?" Maka dfckatlah harimau mSnSngok-
lah saw a. Maka kata harimau, " Hei Salam di Rimba, apa
namanya ini ?" Maka jawab Salam di Rimba, *' Inilah aku di-
surohkan oleh tuanku raja Suleyman mSnunggunya, namanya
ikat bftngkong raja Suleyman, ia itu kain chindai deripada datoh
neneknya dahulu-dahulu. Satu orang punya tiada boleh niang-
katkan faidahnya, jika satu jam kira-kira salama-lama satu tahun.
K&mudian fikir harimau, " Itu bStul juga barang-kali." Kata
harimau, "Hei Salam di Rimba berilah aku m&rasa didalam satu
jam sahaja jadi, kerana aku tiada lalu sangat mSnchari makan
ini/* Kftmudian jawab Salam di Rimba " Liei Ka Sang Hari-
mau choba-lah tikir, adakah layak ? Aku punya barang sa-ma-
cham ini dSripada datoh nenek aku pun tiada p$rnah melihatnya,
jangan mSnarob-nya sa-macham ini. Maka kain ini tuanku raja
Suleyman punya. Dan aku di-titahkannya mSnunggunya sahaja.
Jika Ka Sang Harimau h&ndak merasanya, nantilah aku sfirabah-
kan pada tuanku raja Suleyman dahulu." Maka kata harimau,
" PSrgilah Salam di Rimba lSkas.lftkas, aku ini tgrlalulah
laparnya." Maka pSrgi.ah p8 land ok kSjar yang amat deras.
KSmudian sa- bun tar lagi kata pglandok d£ri jauh, " Ho Ka
Sang Harimau ikatlah, ikatlah." Maka di-ambil oleh harimau
itu kSpala sawah itu, di-ikatkaunya pada pinggacgnya. Maka
di-jSrut oleh sawah itu pinggang harimau sa-bagi jdrut yang
amat kuat, maka mSnggluparlah harimau bSrhambat kasana
ka-mari, h&ndak m$l§paskan diri d8ri jSrut sawah itu, sa-
paroh mati. DSngan kalamaamnya te*rl8paslah dSripada sawah
itu. Maka makin bSrtanibahlah marah harimau itu akan pSlan-
dok itu. Maka bSrjalanlah harimau ini mSnchari makannya
s£rta m$ngintai-intai pelandok itu. Dan p&landok itu pun b$r-
jalan pula dSripada tSmpat. Adalah kira-kira lima anam hari
antaranya, maka Wrjuinpa pula d£ngan harimau itu. Maka
kata harimau itu, " Sa-hari ini baharulah sampai hukum kamu,
Jour. Strait* Branch,
A PELANDOK TALE. 39
Salara di Rimba." Maka jawab pglandok, " Apa boleh buat?
TStapi aku bSndak berpSsan sSdikit." Maka jawab harimau,
" Apa kamu hSndak r^san itu?" Maka jawab pSlandok,
" Jikalau Ka S*ng Harimau hendak makan aku, hSndaklah di-
tSlan sahaja, jangan di-kunyah. Apabila di-kunyah aku hidop.
Apabila di-tfclan aku mati. Dan-lagi hSndak di-dabulukaa
kfcpala. Apabila di-dahulukan ekor tSntu aku hidop. Apabila
di-dahulukan kSpala tentu aku mati." Maka kata harimau.
"Baiklah." KSmudian di-t81anlah dan di-dahulukan kSpala
p£landok itu. Maka apabila sudah di-t81an lalulah pSlandok ini
kSluar k$p*lanya sa-k6rat tersSmbor di-lobang burit harimau
ini Maka baharulah kuat hati harimau ini.
K&mudian ini harimau bSrjalanlah ia hSndak m£nchari
makan ny a, dan berjumpa dSngan sa-ekor babi. Maka ini hari-
mau pun mSngSndap, m8ngSndap-lah ia. Maka tahu oleh
pftlandok ini harimau mgngSudap babi. Maka kata pSlandok
*' lio. babi, babi, pSrgilah angkau lari. Ini harimau hSndak
mSnerkam angkau." KSmudian di-d8ngar babi d&mikian itu
bunyinya, maka ia pun laiilah. Maka kata harimau, " Ini pung-
goog chSlaka ini, bSrbunyi pula sa-hari-hari. Tiada p&rnah
dSmikian itu pula." Maka di-chari satu tunggul di-gunyah-
gunjahnya akan punggongnya itu, lalu luka berdarah. Maka
sa-lama ini harimau mSnSlan pelandok beUum pSrnah ia mSnda-
pat sSdikit makan, dan tSrlalu laparnya, dfingan bfcrapa hari
sudah tiada dapat makan. Maka bSrjalanlah harimau ini d$n^an
kalaparannya, pSrgi mSndapatkan orang tSngah mSnSbas ladang.
Makam£ng£ndap,endaplah iahSdakmSnangkap orang itu tSngah
m£n£bas ladang. Maka di-katahui oleh pSlandok ini akan
harimau iui bSndak mSnangkap orang tSngah mSuSbas itu
Maka kata pSlandok " II o orang tgngah mSnebas, pSrgilah,
angkau lari, ini harimau hSndak mSnangkap angkau." SSrta
di-d£ngar oleh orang itu suara yang dgmikian itu, maka ia pun
larilah. Maka ini harimau tSrlalulah ia bairan akan punggong-
nya bdrchakap itu, s&rta sangat marahnya akan punggongnya
itu, lilu ia 5ental-s8ntal-kan punggonyang itu kapada sSgala
kayu dSngan berdarah -da rah. Maka dSngan kalamaannya ini
punggong* harimau Wrulat-ulatlah dSngan bSrapa ulat amat
banyak. Dan harimau ini pun lamanya sudah tiada dapat makan
lagi maka tiada 1 ah lalu ia bdrjalan lagi lalu ialah mati- mati.
E. A. 8oc., No. 48, 1907.
40 A PELANDOK TALE.
Maka ini pSlandok pun sangatlah laparlah dftngan bfcrapa
lama tiada bSrjumpa makanan dttngan sangat dahaga. Maka
k&luarilab lalu bSrjalan ka-sana ka-sini tbda dapat makan, dan
minum. Maka pSrgilah ia ka-tgpi sungai lalu minum, maka
t&rpandang akan pgmakanannya. KSmudian t$ruj£nong ia sa-
k&jap (ikir ia, " Apalah bal aku hgndak mfinySbSrang tiada lalu
kgrana badan aku sangat IStihnya. " Didalam hal itu dapat ia
akal sSdikit, '• Baik aku panggil kakak Sang Garagi, Utah tuanku
raja Su ley man m$nnyurohkau timbul, aku di-titahkan mSmbi-
langkannya, b£rapa banyak yang ada di-sungai ini." KSroudian,
maka di- timbul buaya bSkalian yang ada di-dalam sungai itu.
Maka kata p£landok, " Kakak Sang Garagi bSrsusunlah kgpala
bfttul-bStul, supaya s$nang aku mSmbilangkannya." KSinudian
bersusunlah buaya dSri t&pi s6b8rang disini hingga sampai ditftpi
sftbSrang sana. KSmudian mSlompatlah p&landok ini ka-atas
kdpala buaya itu, s&rta raemHIangkan katanya, u Satu, dua, tiga,
ampat, lima, anam, tujoh, lapan, sfcmbilan, sapuloh." DSmikian
hingga sampai sSbSrang. Maka apa^ila tiba ia ka-s$b£rang
m&lorapatlah ia ka-darat sSrta katanya, " Hei akal aku sahaja aku
bSndak m$ny8b8iang tiada-lah lalu, aku katakan titab raja
Suleyraan." KSmudian ia pun makanlah. Maka kata buaya,
" Baiklah angkau tiada turuu minum, aku tangkap juga, baharu
puas hati aku." Maka derigan bSrapa lamanya ini, pSlandok
dfingan bSrjalan mSnchari makan kapada satu hari sangatlah ia
dahaga hSndak minum. KSmudiau turunlah ia kn-tfcpi sungai
lalu ia minum. KSmudian datang buaya tangkap ini pdlandok,
maka kata p&landok, " Pada fikiran Kakak Sang Garagi tan y an
akukah angkau tangkap itu ? Bukankah ranting kayu yang angkau
tangkap?" Maka fikiran buaya, " Barangkali juga, kSrana tiada
b&rasa d aging hanylah sSpfcrti rasa ranting kayu." Maka didalam
hal, maka di-fepaskan oleh buaya ini p£landok, jadi mSlompatlah
ia ka-darat sSrta kata pSlandok, u Hei akal aku sahaja, tangan
bdtul angkau tangkap aku katakan ranting kayu."
KSmudian pglandok ini bSrjalan pula ia ka-t$pi laut pada
bagan orang mSnjfcrmal. Maka dSkat pula ia dSngan bagan itu,
maka di-d8ngar-nya orang, orang bagan itu gSmpar akan habis
hilang ikannya, di-makan bin a tang tiap-tiap hari bagitu. Maka
fikir pfclandok, ini apa pula yang mSmakan ikan ini orang. Maka
Jour. Straits Branch,
A PELANDOK TALE. 41
satu hari Drang pun sudah habis pSiyi ka-lautdatang ia kabawah
rum ah bagan itu, dudok ia mSnq^ndap, sa-buntar datang nenek
gergasi ka-rumah bagan itu, mSmakan sSgala ikan, ikan orang
sfimua-s&mua didalam bagan itu. Maka fikir pglandok, u Rupa
gSrgasi ch&laka ini yang mSinakan ikan orang ini." Maka kata-
nya, " Baik Ssok boleh aku bSri ubat kapadanya." Kgmudian
balik, bali k lab orang, orang bagan itu, de*ri laut di-tengokDya
ikannya sudah habis juga. Maka kata orang, " Siapa juga yang
m&makan ikan aku ini ? Jika aku tahu tSntu aku bunoh akan dia."
KSmudian Ssok hari pergi pula orang itu ka-laut, maka ini
pS I and ok datanglah ia lain naik bagan itu, dan di-charinya rotan
di-pSrouatnya satu simpai. Maka tSngah ia mgnip&rbuat simpai
itu, datanglah nenek gergasi he*ndak mSraakan itu ikan, bSrjumpa
pula dengan pSlandok tSngah mSmbuat simpai itu. Maka kata
nenek gergasi itu, " Hei Salam di Rimba apa angkau buat itu ? "
Maka jawab pglandok, " Sail y a ini nenek, t&ngah bSramalkan
almu yang di-ajerkan oieh guru sahya dahulu." Maka kata ggr-
gasi itu, •' Apa almu Salam di Rimba yang di-anialkan itu ? "
Maka . jawab pdlandok, ** Dua pSrkara sahaja : yang pertama
mSndatangkan bisa genih sahya ini, ka-duanya ubat lengoh sSgala
sSndi tulang-tulang." KSmudian kata pSlandok, '* Nenek sahaya
h$ndak tidor sa-kejap, tStapi jangan sahaya nenek usik-usik."
Maka jawab ggrgasi " Baik." " Maka tanda sahya tidor chelek
mata sahya." " Dan tanda sahya jika, pejam mata sahya." Maka
pSlandok pun merSbahkan dirinya sSrta dengan pe* jam matanya.
Maka fikir ggrgasi, " Salam di Rimba, jika lagi sabuntar chelek
matanya/' Maka di-t$ngok gSrgasi matanya chelek itu, ,fikiran-
nya ini pglandok sudah tidor. Maka di-rasa oleh nenek gergasi
ggnihnya itu katanya, " Inilah rupanya yang bisa sangat ! Tiada
patut dSngan bSsarnya." Habis ini p^ I and ok pun bangkit de*ri-
pada tidornya. Maka kata gergasi, " Hei Salam di Rimba aku
pula hSndak tidor." Maka tidorlah nenek ini d$ngan sa-bSnar,
b$narnya. Maka di-ambil pSlandok bara api, di-bubohnya di-atas
tangan ggrgasi. Maka ia dudok jaub-jauh. KSmudian mSnglu-
porfah gergasi itu kahangataunya dSngan tangannya. Maka
pura-pura terkejutlah pglandok ini kata, " Apa ke*na nenek
mdnglupor sahaja ? apa sSbabnya ? " Maka kata nenek," TSrlalu
haqgat tangan aku ini, hingga terk&jutlah aku dSripada tidor."
Maka kata p&landok, " Barangkali ada nenek usik g8nih sahya,
E. A. Soc., No, 48, 1007.
42 A PELANDOK TALE.
waktu sabya t&ogah tidor tadi." "Maka jawab nenek, " B6tnl ada
aku usik sSdikit." Maka kata pSlandok, " Itulah rasa bisa gSnih
sahyaitu, maka sabya khabarkan pada nenek jangandi-usik, nenek
usek jugH ; jadi, mSnanggong badan nenek." Maka ini nenek
ge*rgasi b&rasalah takut didalam hatinya akan Salara di Rimba
kg r ana ia orang yan^ banyak almunya. Maka ini pelandok
mau buat simpai. K3mudian kata nenek gergasi, " Apa Salam
<ii Rimba buat itu?" Maka jawab Salam di Rimba, " Sahya
bSndak buat ubat pSnyakit yang k8na didalam sSndi dan tulang
dan lSugoh luinpoh sSkilian badan." Fikir nenek be*tul juga
kSrana ia orang yang banyak almu. Maka kata nenek, " Salam
di Rimba aku ini didalam k8na penyakit itu, boleh Salam di
Rimba kSnakan ubat itu kapada aku ? " Maki jawab Salam
di Rimba, "Jika nenek minta tolong boleh cbuchu toloug."
Maka kata nenek, u Ke*nakanlah." . Maka lalu di kSnakan
pSlandok itu simpai kapada kadua lutut dan kadua siku
nenek itu, di-pukol kStat-ketat. KSraudian kata pSlaniok,
" Apa khabar nenek? (Jhoba g8rak-g8rak. Lalukah atau
tidak." Maka jawab nenek, " Tiada sa-kali-kali lalu aku b$r-
ggrak sgdikit juapun." Maka kata pSlandok, "Nantilah sSdikit
lagi, sSkalian penyakit nenek sSmuanya habis hilang nanti sabya
p8rgi cbari daun kayu perambas didalam hutan dan ayer buku
kayu." Maka kata nenek, " PSrgilah lSkas-lSkas. Jikalau
lambat nanti tuan rumah ini tiba pula. Maka pelandok pSrgi-
lah ia masok butan, tiada balik lagi. Maka sa-buntar juga tiba
orang dSri laut, di-libatnya t&rjerabun sahaja ggrgasi di-atas
rumahnya sSrta sudah kfcna simpai s&ndinya. Maka kata oran^
itu. " Inilah yang inSmakan ikan aku salama ini." Maka ia pukol
dan tikamlah lalu mati gSrgasi ini.
Maka pelandok pun berjalanlah ia pergi m8nchari makanan-
nya ka-hulu dan ka-hilir. KSmadian tiba berjumpa pula
ia dSngan orang t&ngah berbahan sampan. Maka kata pelandok,
"Ini olah-olah jong, olah-olah ngin." * Maka di-amat-amati
orang itu perkataan pSlandok. Maka hfcrti-lah orang itu, pe>-
kataan pelandok mfinjejib-jejih dia,dandi-ambilnyasa-kepingtatal
* "Ini olah-olah jong, olah-olah ngin." No good explantion can
be had of these words, the best translation seems to be " Perhaps, per-
haps not." The phrase is said to be unintelligible except to the best
educated Perak Malays.
Jour. Straits Branch,
A PELANDOK TALE. 43
di-lotarkannya pglandok itu, kSna pada pungrgongnya lalu pa tab.
Kftraudian ini pglandok pun balik ia mendapkatan p£r8mpuan-
nya. Maka s$rta sampai kapada p$r£inpuannya. katanya, u Hui,
hoi, sa-kali iui barangkali kita bSrchSrailah." Maka jawab
p£r8mpuannya, " Apa sSbab mika bgrkata bagitu ?" Maka kata
pglandok jantan ini, " TSman sudah kena l&mpar oleh orang
bgrbahan d$ngan tatalnya. Inilah tatalnya 18kat pada pung-
gong t£man ini." KSmudian adalah antara sapuloh hari p&landok
jantan pun lalu matidan pgrSmpuan tinggal didalam ia bunting.
Maka d&ngan katurunan itu lab juga sampai sSkarang tiap, tiap
sa-ekor pSlandok adalah tatal pada panggongnya itu. Tamat.
B. A. 80c, No. 48, 1007
The Pfelandok, His Adopted Son
and Pa' Si Bago'- *
The story is told that once on a time in the olden days a
certain man was busy digging a well when a pelandok passed
by. The pelandok said, ' What is the use of this man making
a well ! He is only tiring himself." The man then got out
to throw things at the pelandok, but he missed. The pelandok
ran off. After the well was done the man went away home
to his house. The pelandok too came strolling back to the
edge of the well, when quite unexpectedly he happened to
tumble right down into it. He tried to get out and could not.
While in this fix a wild pig passed by. The pelandok called
out,
" Ho Ka Sang Babi, where are you going to ? "
The pig said, " Salam di Rimba, what are you doing
there ? "
" I am sitting here playing and amusing myself, for as long
I can ever remember I can never recollect a pleasure like this."
May I too come in ? "
If you want to come in you may. But are you willing
to promise ? ''
" Promise what ? "
Don't be long : you must only be a very short time."
Very well,"
Jump down."
And the pig then sprang right down into the well.
Afterwards a rhinoceros passe J by on whom the same trick
was played. Then a barking deer, then a sambhur deer.
* This story is told by I'enghulu that Noordin of Kota Stia, who
learnt it from the Lekah binti Jainan, who was of genuiue Perak
descent.
*W Straits Brnncli, B. A. Soc., No. 48, 1097.
«<
a
n
46 THE PELANDOK, AND PA* SI BAGO\
Last of all a bull elephant passed by, to whom Salam di Bimba
said,
" Ho elephant ! elephant ! ! are you not afraid the sky is
going to topple over? ".
For at this time it looked very like a great rain storm with
thunder and thunderbolts. The elephant answered, " Is that
time ? "
Salam di Bimba said, " Of course it is true. Just look :
all of us have run and huddled together here. Why ? We fear
that the sky will fall in."
The elephant said, " If that is so, I had better come down
too."
The pelandok said, " Come down quickly." So the ele-
phant came down and entered into the well. As soon as he
was right in the pelandok took a piece of wood and began to
tease the elephant. The elephant said, " Stop that. Look
out, or I will kick you up outside where you will certainly
perish struck by the fall of the sky." But the pelandok paid
no attention and went on teasing, so the elephant became very
angry indeed and at last he kicked the pelandok, hurling him
right up outside. Salam di Bimba was very glad when he
found himself outside, and said,
" Hei, I fooled you nicely that time. I fell into that well,
and could not climb out, so I said that the sky would fall in."
Just then the noise of a drum being beaten in a neighbour-
ing village was heard, so Salam di Bimba went to the drum
beater. On arriving he found that he was making pre-
parations for the marriage of his daughter. Salam di Bimba
said, " Ho gentlemen and lords, if you happen to want
to eat barking deer or sambhur deer, just go and get them
in that well over there." The people simply fell over one
another in their rush to see that well. When they got
there they saw that what Salam di Bimba said was quite
true. So they killed the elephant and the other animals,
while they cut the throats of the sambhur deer and the bark-
ing deer. And they made a feast of the deer. When all the
Jour. Straits Branch
THE PELANDOK, AND PA' SI BAGO'. 47
men and all the women were in the middle of the feast Salam
di Rimba went up into the house and began to upset the
ceremonial rice and eggs and to eat them. At once an uproar
arose in the house and some said, " The pelandok has come
to attack us, we had better catch and kill him." When they
chased him he took up a small pillow and got on to the ridge
pole of the house. When they beat up stream he seemed ta
be down stream : when they beat down stream he seemed to
be up stream. While this was going on he let the pillow fall
to the ground. They all thought that this was the pelandok
so they all stabbed at it, while he slipped down on the other
side and got away. So they all went up into the house again.
After that Salam di Eimba took a large piece of clotted
rice from a big pot and taking it to the river embarked in it
and paddled away. After some time he reached another
village where he met a boy. Salam di Rimba said, " What
are you doing here ? " The boy replied, " Nothing in parti-
cular." Salam di Rimba said, " If that is so, come and let us
sail away together." The boy said, " Very well." So both of
them got into the boat and sailed away.
At last they came to a certain reach where they stopped
for a time. And there they met a Pa' Si Bago\ * that is a big
solitary monkey (brok). Salam di Rimba said to him, " Pa,
Si Bago\ what are you doing here?" Pa' Si Bago' replied,
" I am doing nothing just now." Salam di Rimba said, " If
you are doing nothing, come along with us." Pa' Si Bago'
replied, M All right, let the three of us sail away together."
Now after some time they arrived at a certain country
which had been laid waste by a tiger. Few and sparse were
the people of the land. One morning Salam di Rimba met a
man, an inhabitant of the land, who was dawdling along.
Salam di Rimba said to him,
* Pak si Bajok, ia itu berok tunggal. There is only one other story
known to Mat Noordin about P.-ik si Bajok (see p. 66 of Journal No.
47) Nor is there any farther adventure of Pak si Bajok that he can
relate in this tale.
It. A. Soc., No. 48, 1907.
48 THE PELANDOK, AND PA' SI BAGO\
" Ho sir, why is this country so silent ? "
The man replied, " It has been laid waste by a tiger."
Salam di Bimba said, " Yon can tell your king that it is
not very hard to kill that tiger."
So the man went and told the king what Salam di Rimba
had said. Then he went to call Salam di Rimba, for the king
had said, " Go and call this Salam di Rimba." So he went to
call him. When he found him he told him of the King's com-
mand. Salam di Rimba replied, " Very well." So they went
away together. When they arrived, the king said, " Is it true
that you have said to this man that you can kill the tiger ? "
Salam di Rimba replied, "With the aid of your Majesty's
effluence, God willing, your slave will slay the tiger. But
prithee bestow on your slave a vessel full of bird lime and two
bags of cotton."
The king ordered the bird lime and the cotton to be pro-
duced. When they had both been brought they were given
to Salam di Rimba, who said,
" Pardon my lord, a thousand thousand pardons, peradven-
ture the tiger will die, what will be the reward of your slave ? "
The king said, " If the tiger dies, I will give you my
daughter in marriage." Salam di Rimba replied, ' Very well."
He enquired from what direction and at what time the
tiger came. He was told that it was at evening. People
bearing the jar of bird lime and the cotton went along with
him to show him the place. When he arrived there he sat
down and ordered the people who had brought the bird lime
and the cotton to return to their homes. A short time after
the tiger came along and met him. Salam di Rimba said,
" Ka Sang Rimau, where are you going ? "
i<
t<
<t
I am going to attack this country."
How long have you been waging war upon this land ? "
About three months."
Jour. Straits Branch,
THE PELANDOK, AND PA' SI BAGO\ 49
•
" Why have you been so long without running riot through
the country and subduing it ? Perhaps you have no magic.
For if perchance you had the proper magic you must inevit-
ably subdue this country."
" Teach me this magic, so that I may be enabled to subdue
this country."
Perhaps if I teach you, you will not believe me."
u
If you teach me I will certainly believe you." While
they were talking thus the tiger observed the jar of bird lime
and the cotton, and said, " What is this, Salam di Bimba ? "
Salam di Bimba answered, " This is it, this is the great
magic. If you apply this to your body, your body must ine-
vitably increase in strength and your courage will also become
greater."
The tiger said, " Please apply it to my body."
So Salam di Bimba spread the bird lime all over his body
and face and eyes. Afterwards he did the same with the
cotton. Then when this work was all finished and the tiger
had been blinded he called the people all together and ordered
them to set fire to all the lalang grass in that place- So the
people fired the grass. The tiger hurled himself upstream and
downstream, but the fire caught him and devoured him and he
forthwith died. After that the people went to tell the king.
And the king rejoiced greatly at the news that the tiger had
died. Salam di Bimba went before the king and made obei-
sance saying,
"Pardon my lord, the tiger has been safely destroyed,
and now your slave would claim the fulfilment of your former
promise." The king said,
" When I am ready I will fulfil my promise."
So the king made great preparations for the marriage of
his daughter with the pelandok. Salam di Bimba said,
" Please do not marry her to your slave, for your slave is
only an animal. Let my lord marry her to my ad&pted son."
B. A. Soc, No. 43, 1907
*4
50 THE PELANDOK, AND PA' SI BAGO'.
The king was glad for a man had been substituted for an
animal. Seven days and seven nights were spent in prepara-
tions and then the king's daughter was married to Salam di
Bimba's adopted son.
After many days the king's son-in-law urged Salam di
Bimba to return because he wanted to see his mother once
more. Salam di Bimba approved, and so the boy abandoned
his wife and the two of them set off together.
At last they reached their own country, and the boy once
more met his mother. His mother wept for joy for she
thought that he was dead. They lived there a long time. One
day Salam di Bimba met his adopted son and said to him,
" Why has your mother lived so long as a widow ? In
my opinion the blade is all the better for a haft."
The boy replied, "lam afraid that she will be angry
with me."
Salam di Bimba said, " Don't speak to her about this
when she is busy, nor when she is hungry."
The boy replied, " All right."
So one day when his mother was reclining after dinner he
went close to her and said, " Mother the blade is the better
for the haft."
His mother replied and said, " I want no husband, I had
better live alone."
The boy made no answer.
Five or six days after the boy once more met Salam di
Bimba who said to him, " I think that you ought to coax
your mother. What has she done that she should live solitary
like this? People who see will say that it is not proper.
Even if we really do what is right, they will say that we do
wrong."
When the boy heard what Salam di Bimba said, he saw
that he wan right. So he coaxed his mother. At last his
mother came to think so too. Thus in the end Salam di
Bimba married the boy's mother. They lived happily there.
Jour. Strait* Branch,
THE PELANDOK, AND PA' SI BAGO\ 6!
But after some time Salam di Bimba wanted to return to his
own country and urged his adopted son to go with him. The
boy agreed and so they both went off together. They went
into forests and out of forests, up mountains and down moun-
tains, on to plains and across plains. At last they reached a
densely populated country. When they got there Salam di
Bimba became a man, for he was the king of that country.
He lived there very happily with his wife and his child. The
king married his own daughter to his adopted son, and both
the king and his wife were very happy over it.
The Pelandok, His Adopted Son and Pa* Si Bago\
Alkg?ah maka adalah pada masa zaman dahulu kala, ada
suatu bari ada satu orang t$n?ah mSngorek p§rigi, maka da tang
sa'ekor pglandok, maka kata \ Slandok, " Apalah gunanya orang
ini buat pSrigi, buat p&nat sabaja ! " Maka naiklah orang itu
lalu di-lotar itu pelandok, tiada kSna, maka iapuu lari. Maka
pSrigi pun sudah, ia orang pun balik, balik ka-rumabnya. Maka
ini pSlandok pun da tang pula bSrjalan jalan pada t&pi p$rigi itu.
Maka tiba-tiba lalu jatoh pula ia ka-dalam pSrigi itu. Maka ia
h&ndak naik tiada boleh.
Maka didalam antara itu lalu pula sa'ekor babi. Maka
kata pSlandok itu, u II ei Ka Sang Babi, hSndak kamana itu?"
Maka jawab babi, " Tiada kamana, aku hSndak mSncbari
makan." Maka kata babi " £alam di Rimba, apa di-buat itu ? "
Maka jawab Salam di Rimba, " Aku ini dudo' bermainmain
bfirsSnang diri dan bSrsuka, kSrana bSlum pSrnah aku mSrasa
d&ripuda zaman dato' nenek aku suka machara ini." Maka kata
babi, " Bolehkab aku mSnumpang sa-orang ? " Maka kata
Salam di Rimba, " Jika hSndak rasa bolah juua, tdtapi maukah
berjanji?" Maka kata babi, " Apa janjinya ? " Maka jawab
Salam di Rimba, •• Janganlah lama, biar sa bun tar sabaja. "
Maka kata babi, " Baiklah." Maka kata Salam di Rimba,
E. A. Soc., No. 4«, 1907.
52 THE PELANDOK AND PA' SI BAGO\
" Turunlah ! " Maka babi pun lalu tdrjunlah ka-dalam pSrigi
itu. K&mudian lalu pula sa'ekor bidak, dSmikian juga. KSmu-
dian lalu pula sa'ekor kijangr. dSmikian jaga. KSmudian lalu
pula sa'ekor rusa, demikian juga.
K£mudian lalu pula sa'ekor gajah jantan, maka kata Salam
di Rimba, "Ho, gajah! gajah!! tiadakah takut lan/it h$ndak
runtoh ? " KSrana waktu itu. hari h$ndak hujan sSrta halalin-
tar dan pStir. Maka jawab gajah, '' ttetulkah ? " Maka kata
Salam di Rimba, " Apakah pula tiada betul ? Chubalah tengo' ;
kami iui sudah bSrhimpun lari s&muanya kamari takut akan
langit itu h&ndak runtoh ! " Maka kata gajah, " Jikalau bagitu,
m£numpanglah aku sama-sama Saiam di Rimba di sini?" Maka
jawab Salam di; Rimba, "Turunlah lSkas ! " Maka gajah itu
pun turunlah, masok ka-dalam perigi itu. Maka di-ambil oleh
Salam di Rimba satu k£rat kayu, maka di pfctiknyalah buah pfclir
gajah itu. Maka kata gajah, " Jangan di-pdtik buah pe*lir aku
ini, kamu sSkarang nanti aku sepakkan ka-darat itu, t&ntulah
kamu mati di-tirapa langit ! " Maka tiada juga di-f$dulikan
oleh Salam di Rimba. di-petiknya juga. Maka sangat sakit hati
gajah itu lalu di-sepakkannya terpalantin ka-darat. Maka suka
hati Salam di Rimba ia sudah I Spas ka-atas, maka kata Salam
di Rimba, " Uei kechek aku sahaja, aku sudah t£rjatoh ka-dalam
perigi itu, payah aku hSndak naik, aku katakan langit hendak
runtoh."
Maka wakfa itu tSrdSngarlab bunyi gSndang orang di-
dalam kampong itu, maka balam di Rimba pergilah ia \ ada
orang yang m&mukol gSndang itu, tiba-tiba orang itu t&ngah
dudok kfirja h$ndak mSnikthkan anaknya. Maka kata Salam di
Rimba. " lio, inche-inche, tuan-tuan, jika hfindak makan rusa
dan kijang. pgrgilah ambil didalam pgrigi disablah darat itu."
Maka bdrhambatlah se^ala oranar-orang uiglihat p€rigi itu,
maka sfirta tiba dilihat orang-orang sSmuanya bStul sdpSrti
chrtkap Salam di Rimba itu. Maka di-bunoh orang sSgala gajah
dan lainnya, dan di-sSnibSieh oranglah rusa dan kijang, maka
di-khaudurikan oranglah itu rusa dan kijang.
Maka apabila bgrhimpun orang laki-laki dan pSrSmpuan
tSngah makan, maka naik Salam dl Rimba ka-rumah itu di-
kacnaunyalah nasi tioggi dan tSlor pada nasi tinggi itu, di-
Jour, Siraiti Branch,
THE PELANDOK, AND PA 5 SI BAGO\ 53
makannya. Maka gadohlah orang di-dalam rumah itu, maka
kata sa-t$ngahnya, " Pglandok sudab datang mSlanggar kita,
baiklab kita tan^kap bun oh akan dia." Maka di-hambatlah
orang akan dia. Maka sudab hambat oleh orang akan dia, maka
di ambilnya satu biji bantal, di-bawa naik ka-atas tulang bum-
bong. Di-hauibat orang ka-hulu, dia ka-hilir, dan di-hambat
ka-hilir dia ka-hulu. Maka di-dalam antara itu di-jatohkanuya
ini bantal ka-tanah Maka mSuyangka se^ala orang itulah
Poland ok itu. KSmudian di-t6rka-iilah oranglah kapada tSmpat
bantal itu. Maka in pun tgrjunlah kapada lain tSmpat, maka
ldpaslah ia dSripada di-hambat orang itu. Ma pa sdmua orang
naik ka-rumab.
Kdraudian datang ia Salamdi Rimba. di-ambilnya * krak di-
dalam satu kawah besar, maka dibawanya ka-sungai, maka
berkayohlah ia didalam krak itu. Maka tiba satu kampong
yang lain pula bgrjumpa ia den^an satu orang budak. Maka
kata Salara di Rimba, u Apa kamu buat p£k£rjaan di-sini ? "
Maka jawab budak itu u Tid'apa." Maka kata Sal am di
Rimba, " Kalau ba^itu, marilah kita bglayar." Maka kata
budak itu *• Baiklab." Maka kaduanya turunlah ka-dalam krak
itu, bSlayarlah dia. Maka tiba pula satu telo* singgab pula ia.
Maka b&rjuuipa pula dSngan sa'ekor Pa' Si Bago', iaitu brok
ttmggal. Maka kata Salam di Rimba, '■ Pa' Si Bago, ini apa
p&k8rjaan ini ? " Maka jawab Pa' Si Bago" 4< Tiada apa aku
buat" Maka kata Salam di Rimba, •* Jika tiada Pa' Si Bago'
buat, baiklah kita bfclayar." Maka jawab Pa' Si Bago', " Baik-
lab." RSUyarlah tiga-tiga di-dalam satu krak itu.
Maka antara bdrapa lamanya, maka tibalah satu i»6g$ri
yang lain maka di-dalam i»6g8ri itu sudah di-aUhkan oleh sa-
ekor harimau, lSnganglah orang di-dalam n&g&ri itu. Maka
ada satu pagi berjumpalah ini Salam di Rimba sa-orang ; orang
di-dalam ndgSri itu, bSrjalan d$ngan pgrlahan-lahan. Maka
kata Salam di Rimba, u Hei, orang, apatah k&nanya sunyi
sahaja di-dalam n£g$ri ini ? " Maka jawab orang itu, " Sudab
di-alahkan oleh sa-ekor rimau jantan." Maka kata Salam di
Note. — * Krak. The teller declares that this is a piece of clothed
rice from a big pot. Is it possibly the Port#use word "carrack *
the explanatory words which follow having been added as a gloss ?
a A. So&, No. 48, 1907.
54 THE PELANDOK AND PA' SI BAGO.
Kimba, " Bolehkah inche khabarkan pada raja, tiada bSrapa
payah hSndak mSmbunoh harimau itu ? " Maka orang itu pun
kbabarkanlab pada raja hal p$rkataan Salam di Rimba. Maka
orang itu pun pSrgi inSraanggil Salain di Kimba. Maka Utah
Raja, " Pergi kamu panggil itu Salam di Rimba." Maka orang
itu pnn pe>gi mSmanggil Salam di Rimba. S6rta sampai ia,
maka di-khabarkannya Utah raja itu. Maka jawab Salam di
Rimba. " Baiklah." Maka iapun pSrgi bersania-sama dSngan
orang itu.
Maka serta sampai, maka titah raja, " Iakah Salam bercba-
kap pada orang ini boleh Salam di Rimba ra$rnbunoh harimau
itu ? " Maka jawab Salam di Rimba, u Jika d$ngan tinggi daulat
duli yang maha mulia, inshallah, patek membunoh harimau itu.
T$tapi boleh charikan patek gStah satu takar dan kabu-kabu
dua guni." Maka raja pun b&rtitah suroh chari getali dan
kabu-kabu. Maka dapat itu, dapatlah barang-barang itu, sSrta
dis&rabkan pada Salam di Rimba, maka kata Salam di Rimba,
" Ampun, tuanku, b8ribu-ribu ampun, jika sudah mati itu hari-
mau, apa tuanku bagi hadiah pada patek ? " Maka titah raja,
" Jika sudah mati itu harimau aku nikahkan kamu de*ngan anak
aku." Maka kata Salam di Rimba, u Baiklah."
Maka ia bSrtanya pada mana maso* itu harimau dan apa
waktunya ia maso' itu. Maka pSrgilah orang itu roSnunjokkan
tSmpat maso' harimau itu, dan waktunya pStang-pStang sSrta
mfimbawa takar gfitah dan kabu-kabu. Maka Salam di Rimba
p£rgilah sama-sama. Maka sa-telah sampai pada t$mpat itu,
maka iapun dado' dan takar g$tah dan guni kabu-kabu dan
orang itu di-surobkannya balek ka rumahnya. Maka tiada
bSrapa lamanya datanglah harimau itu bgrjunipalah djBngan
Salam di Rimba. Maka kata Salam di Riraba, '*Ka' Sang Hari-
mau iui hgudak kamana ? " Maka jawab harimau, " Aku bSudak
p&rgi niSlanjrgar ka-dalam n8g&ri iui." Maka kata Salam di
Rimba, " BSrapa lamanya sudah Ka' Sang Harimau p&rbuat
p£k£rjaan ini ? " Maka jawab harimau, " Adalah Ifibeb kurang
didalam Ufa bulan sudah." Maka kata fcalam di Rimba, " M8ng-
apa sampai bagitu lamanya tiada di-amok Ka' Sang Harimau
lalu mfcngalahkan. Barangkali tiada Ka' Sang Harimau
mtfnaroh bikmat, barangkali jika sa-kiranya ada mSnaroh hik-
Jour. Straits Branch,
THE PELANDOK AND PA'SI BAGO. 55
mat, ngschaya dfcngan sa-kiranya boleh di-alahkan ini nggSri."
Maka kata Ka' Sang Harimau, u Ajarkanlah aku hikmat supaya
boleb alabkan ini nSgeri dgngan sSgeranya." Maka kata
Salam di Rimba, " Barangkali jika aku ajarkan Ka' Sang Ilari-
mau tiada perchaya." Maka jawab harimau, " Jika kamu mau
mSngajar akandaku tSntu aku p&rchaya." Maka didalam b€r-
cbakap-cbakap, maka terpandanglah pada takar getah dan guni
kabu-kabu, maka kata harimau, ** Ini apa Salam di Rimba ? "
Maka jawab Salam di Rimba, " Ini lab dia, hikmat yang sangat
b£sar. Jika di-k$nakan ini hikmat pada badan, uSschaya ber-
tambah kuat badan dan mgnarubabkan da tang bgrani." Maka
kata harimau, " KSnakanlah pada badan aku." Maka Salam di
Rimba pun mSnyapukan gStahlah pada badan dan rnuka dan
mata harimau itu. Owudian di-sapunya pula dfingan kabu-
kabu. Maka sa-t£lah sudah pfckerjaan itu kSmudian di-pauggil-
nya orang-orang sSmuanya, di-surohnya bakar lalang pada
t$mpat harimau itu dan orang-orang itu pun mSmakar lalang.
Maka harimau itu ii&hgbginpaskan dirinya ka-hulu ka-hilir.
Maka sampailah api kapadanya lalu di-makan api ini harimau
langsong mati.
KSmudian orang-orang pun bgrkhabar kapada raja. Maka
raja pun sang at suka chita mSnSngarkan harimau sudah mati
itu. Maka Salam di Rimba pun p$rgi mgngadap raja. Maka
sSmbabnya, " Ampun tuanku, adapun sSperti harimau itu s$la-
mat sudah mati ia, maka s&karang patek hSndak menuntut p£r-
janjian kita dahulu sahaja lagi." Maka titah raja, *' TSlah aku
8$mp$makan perjanjian aku itu." Maka raja b&rsiap-siaplah
hdodak nikahkannya anaknya dSngan pSlandok. Maka kata
Salam di Rimba, u Ta' usahalah di-nikabkannya dSngan patek,
kSrana patek sa-ekor binatang. Tuanku nikahkannya dSngan
anak angkat patek." Maka raja pun suka lab ia kerana bertukar
d Sri pada binatang dSngan manusia. Maka dudo* bSkgrja itu
tujoh hari tujoh ma lam berjaga. Maka di-nikahkannya anak
raja itu ddngan anak angkat Salam di Rimba itu.
Maka antara b£rapa lamanya, maka ini mSnantu raja
m&ngajak Salam di Rimba balik h&ndak bSrjumpa d$ngan ma-
nya. Maka Salam di Rimba pun sukalah ia. Maka istSrinya
tinggalkaunya, ia b&rdua sahaja hfcndak balik. Antara berapa
B. A. Soc., No. 48, 1807.
56 THE PELANDOK AND PA' SI BAGO.
hari ia kaduanya sampailah pada nSgerinya dan b&rjumpa budak
ini d&ngan Ma'-nya. Maka me*nangislab ma'-nya oleh pada
sangkanya sudah mati. Dan dudoklab berapa hari. Maka
satu hari bSrjumpalah Salam di Kimba dSngan anak angkatnya
itu, maka kata Salam di Rimba, u Apalab sudahtiya ma' kamu
itu dudo' bnjang sa-orang diri sahaja ? Fikirlah aku dSripada
* putin baiklah berhulu ! " Maka jawab budak itu," Takut
sahaya di-marah oleh Ma'." Maka kata Salam di Rimba,
" Jangan kamu bSrchakap itu waktu ia tSngah lapar, dan jangan
waktu ia t$ngah b£rkgrja ? " Maka kat \ buda itu, u Baik." Maka
satu hari lSpas deYipada makan dau tSngah ia baring-baring,
maka dfikat budak ini pada ma'-nja katanya, " Ma/ dfcripada
putin baiklah bSrhulu." Maka hal ma'-nya akan dia, katanya,
'* Tiada aku mau berlaki, baiklah aku dudo' sa-orang-orang."
Maka diam budak itu. KSmudian antara lima 8nam hari bSr-
jumpa pula budak ini dSngan Salam di Rimba, maka katanya,
" Aku tikir baiklah pujok ma' kamu itu, apatah sud*hnya dudok
bujang sa-orang diri itu ; tiada elok di-te*ngok orang. Jika
bftnar buat baik sangka orang kita buat tiada baik juga." Sa-
tdlah didSngar oleh budak itu per kata an Salam di Rimba itu
bdnarlah pada ha tiny a. Maka di-pujok oleh budak itu ma'-nya,
maka masoklah fikiran itu pada hati Ma'-nya itu jadi di-nikab-
kanyalah dSngan Salam di Rimba itu d&ngan Ma'-nya. Maka
dudoklab bfcrsuka ia.
Maka antara b&rapa lamanya, maka ini Salam di Rimba
hSndak balik ka-n$gdrinya, maka ia ajak anak angkatnya ber-
sama-sama d$ngan dia pergi itu. Maka sukalah hati anaknya
tu, maka pergi-lah bgrjalan bSrdua-dua, masok butan kSluar
hutan, masok gunong k&luar gunong, maka masok padang
kSluar padang. Maka tiba-tiba bSrjumpa dSngan sabuab
neggri t&rlalu rameinya. Maka tiba ini Salam di Rimba m£n-
jadi manusia, dia-lab raja didalam negSri itu. Maka dudoklah ia
be*rsuka-8uka dBngan anak istBrinya. Maka di-mkahkan oleh
raja itu anaknya itu dftngan anak angkatnya, maka bSrsukaan-
lah laki istdri.
* Putin seems to be a variant of puting.
Jour. Straits Branch,
The Story of the Five Men
Who Stole the King's Daughter.
The story is told that once on a time in the olden days
there lived a certain king in a certain country who wanted to
marry his daughter to the son of a noble in that country. So
he made preparations for forty days and forty nights. The
days were like the nights and the nights like the days. While
this was going on the news was bruited abroad in other coun-
tries.
TheVe was a certain robber who wished to go and rob the
King's house. So he set off by himself. On the way he met
with another man, who said to him, " Where- are you going
to?"
The robber, who is Number One, replied, " I am off to
rob the house of the king, who is busy making all these
preparations."
Number Two said, " Can I go with you V "
What can you do ? "
If you get anything that you want to steal, I can carry
it for you."
Number One said very good. So they set off together.
A little while after they met another man who also spoke to
them.
This man said, " Where are you off to ? "
Number One replied, " We are off to rob tHe house of
this king who is making all these preparations."
Then said Number Three, " Can I come with you? "
" What can you do ? "
• A etory by Penghulu Mohamed Noordin bin Joftar of Kota Stia
Lower Perak. Source unknown.
B. A. &>€., No. 48, 1907.
It
II
<<
l«
58 FIVE MEN WHO STOLE THE KING'S DAUGHTER. ,
" No matter how deep a thing may be in the sea I can
dive for it."
So all three went on together. It was not very long
before they met another man who also spoke to them.
" Where are you three going ? "
Number One answered, " We three are going to rob the
house of the king who is making all these preparations? "
Number Four said, " Oan I come with you ? "
What can you do ? "
What I can do is this : no matter how high a thing may
be, I can hit it with my bow and arrow."
After this the four of them went on together. A little
while after they met another man who said to them, " Where
are you four men going to ? "
Number One answered, " We want to rob the king's
house who is making all these preparations."
Number Five said, " Oan I come with you ? "
What can you do ? "
Even if a person has been dead for one or two days, I
can resuscitate him."
Number One said very good. So the five of them went
on together. At last they reached the king's house about
midnight. Then Number One applied his magic and the eyes
of all the people in the king's fort fell fast asleep. So Number
One went into the king's house lifted all the goldware and
the silver and also took the king's daughter who was to be
married. Then he gave them to Number Two, who carried all
the stuff and also the king's daughter. The five went off into
jungles and out of jungles, up mountains and down mountains,'
on to plains and across plains, and at last when it. was day
they halted. The king's daughter was still asleep. They
then boiled enough rice for a meal. When it wa6 ready they
aroused the king's daughter. She started from her sleep and
glanced to the right and to the left, in front and behind. Then
she became very frightened and began to cry, she could eat no
Jour. Straits Branca*
n
t<
FIVE MEN WHO STOLE THE KING'S DAUGHTEK. 59
food. But they all ate and were all very tired and very
sleepy. At last they all fell asleep except the king's daughter
who could not.
The story goes on to say that the king of the country who
had lost his daughter and his property was very sorrowful.
So too were his nobles. The nobles spread the news in all the
countries round about. While this was going on the son of
the Chief Vizier of one country who knew that the king's
daughter had been lost, mado a gigantic roc on which he flew
off to a very great height. In a short while he noticed at the
edge of a plain some small heaps. He went in that direction
and when he got near he saw that this was the king's lost
daughter. So he snatched her up and flew away. Number
One started from his sleep and looked right and left behind
and before, but he could see nothing of the king's daughter.
Then he looked above and noticed a very large bird flying
away. Then he woke up Number Four and said,
" The king's daughter has disappeared. Perhaps she has
been pounced upon and earned off by that bird flying there.
Now is the time for you to use your bow."
So Number Four took his bow and shot and hit the bird
which fell into the sea.
Then Number One said, " This is the time for you to
work."
Number three said, " Very well." So he walked on till
he walked into the sea then ho dived right down into it.
After a long time he found the king's daughter and brought her
back to the place where his friends were waiting. But when
he laid her down she was dead.
Then . Number One said to Number Five, " This is the
time for you to resuscitate the king's daughter and make her
as she wafc before."
So Number Five stroked her face. In a little while the
king's daughter sneezed and revived. Then they gave her a
seat. But she began to cry once more. While this was going
on Number One began to plan a division of the plunder.
B. A. 8oc. f No. 48, 1907.
60 FIVE MEN WIIO STOLE THE KING'S DAUGHTER
Number One said, " Never mind about giving mo a share of
the booty. Give me the king's daughter and that will be
plenty." But Number Two said the same, and Number Three
said the same, and Number Four said the same, and Number
Five said the same.
Then Number One said, " If that is so, we had better find
a just king."
All of them were delighted by this plan and so the six of
them travelled on together. But all the booty and the king's
daughter were carried by Number Two. At last they reached
a certain country where the king was very wise. There they
lodged in a small house. Then the five of them went before
the king to state their difficulty and to prefer their request.
And Number One said, " Pardon your majesty, a thousand
thousand be the pardons accorded to your five slaves prostrate
here. Now your five slaves went to rob a king's house and
they took away all the goldware and all the silver and also
his child at the same time. Now when your servant wished
to divide up the property, your servant said, ' Never mind me,
let me have the king's daughter only.' Then Number Two,
who is the bearer, said the same thing, and Number Three,
who is the diver, said the same thing, and Number Four,
who is the bow man, said the same thing, and Number Five, who
is the life given said the same thing. So we could not settle
the matter. Thus it is that your five slaves have come before
your most illustrious majesty, peradventure your majesty will
give us a just decision."
The king said, " This is a very easy matter to decide."
When the king said that the five men made obeisance and
became silent to hear the king's judgment/
The king said, " The man who first wanted to comtpit the
robbery cannot get the king's daughter, for he is as it were
her father, for the child first of all comes from her father.
* At this point the narrator insists they all hit hearers shall
give their opinion as to who ought to marry the princess. He then
gives the king's verdict, after which ho tells them how their oboiee
has revealed their own character.
Jour. Straits
^•«^r*
&L
FIVE MEN* WHO STOLE THE KING'S DAUGHTER. 61
Number Two, that is the bearer of the king's daughter, tie is
just like her nurse, lie cannot get her. And as to Number
Three, he is the one to get her in marriage, because he has known
her both in public and in private. Now Number Four, that is the
bow man, he has been very loyal indeed to her, he cannot have
her, for he has been jusl like a brother to her. As to Number
Five, he cannot have her, for he has been just like a mother to
her ; for every child that has no mother to suokle it, how can
it be and live? "
Thus did the king gave judgment by a parable. And so
as regards those who thought that Number One should get the
princess we can all learn that those people who so think will
want in all their work to he at the head of it, and as to those
who thought that Number Two should get her, we learn that
they like doing other people's work. And if any one thought
that Number Three should get her, we know that whatever
they may wish, they will seldom fail of it, and that their words
will always fall true. And as to those who thought that
Number Four should get her we learn that they are very loyal
to their friends. And if anyone thought that Number Five
should get her, then that man is a great lover of mankind.
This is the moral of the story.
The Story of the Five Men who Stole
the King's Daughter.
Alkijsah rnaka adalah pada rnasa zamari dahulu kala mska
adalab utn raja didalam satu n&gfiri itu bSndak mBkhawhikan
anaknya yang pSrfimpuan dgngau anak raj* didataiu nSgfiri itu
Of*. Maka dndoklab bBrjaga-jaga ampat puloh hari ampat
pulob U»l*m, slang suupa malara, tnalam sarupm siang. Maka
didalsm bat itu WrdSu ab 1 ani p»da Iain-Iain negeri.
g pi lak gi raSccburi didalam
an aa'oraug dirinya.
maka kata oraog
62 FIVE MEN WHO STOLE THE KING'S DAUGHTER.
itu, "Mika iui hfindak kamana?" Jawab p^nchuri itu, yang
number satu, "Teman h&ndak pergi mfinchuri ka-rumah raja
tdngah dudok kerja itu." Kemudian kata orang yang number
dua itu, " Adakah boleh teman sama pergi?" Maka jawab
number satu, * 4 Apa-apa mika boleh buat ? " Maka kata number
dua, " Jikalau mika dapat barang jang hSndak di-cburi itu,
teman boleh bawa." Keinudian kata number satu, ** Baiklah."
Maka berjalanlah ia bSrdua dua. Kemudian tiada be r a pa lama
antara, maka bSrjumpa pula dengan sa-orang lain pula, maka
bertanya pula iui orang, katanya, (4 Mika berjalan-jalan bfirdua
ini hfindak kamana ? " Maka jawab number satu, " T^man ma*
ini hSodak pergi m^ncburi ka-rumah raja yang dudok kerja itu."
Maka kata orang yang number tiga, " Adakah boleh teman sama
pergi ? " Maka jawab number satu, " Apa-apa mika boleh
buat ? " Maka kata number tiga " Jikalau b$rb&rapa didalam
laut sa-kali-pun, teman boleh sSlam." Kemudian berjalanlah ia
tiga-tiga orang.
Maka tiada berapa lama antara bSrjumpa pula dSngan
sa'orang lain maka bertanya pula ia, maka kata-nya, 44 Mika ma
tiga orang ini hendak kamana." Maka jawab number satu,
"Teman ma* tiga orang ini hfindak pergi mdnchuri ka-rumah
raja tSngah dudok kerja itu." Maka jawab number ampat,
44 Adakah boleh teman sama pergi?" Maka jawab number
satu, " Apa-apa mika boleh buat?" Maka kata number ampat,
44 Teman boleh buat, jikalau be berapa tingginya sa-kali-pun to* man
boleh panah, tentu kena." Habis itu berjalanlah ia ampat
orang sakali. Kemudian tiada berapa lamanya pula berjumpa
ddngan sa'orang lain, maka kata ini orang, " Mika ma bdrjalan
ampat orang ini hSndak kamana? " Maka jawab number satu,
4 Teman ma hendak mSnchuri ka-rumah raja tSngah dudok
kerja itu." Maka kata number lima, " Adakah boleh teman
sama?" Maka jawab number satu, *• Apa-apa mika boleh
buat? " Maka kata number limn, 44 Jikalau ada orang mati satu
dua hari lamanya, teman boleh hidopkan balik." Maka kata
number satu, baiklah. Jadi berjalanlah ia lima-lima orang sakali.
Kemudian serta sampailah ka-rumah raja itu 16beh kurang
tengah roalam, maka di-kSnakan oleh number satu hikmat, mata
* Ma ini ma tiga we all, all three.
Jour. StnuU Branch,
FIVE MEN WHO STOLE THE KING'S DAUGHTER. 63
s&kalian orang-orang didalam rumah, dan didalam kota raja
s8mua-b£muanya habis tidor. Maka naik number satu kadalam
rumah raja itu, maka di-angkatnya s&kalian barang-barang mas
dan perak serta d$ugan anak raja yang hendak khawin itu. Maka
di-b£rikannya orang yang number dua. Maka number dua pun
tawalah sfi^ala harta-harta itu dSngan anak raja. Maka ber-
jalan Hum orang itu masok hutan kSluar hutan, naik gunong
turun gunong, masok padang kSluar padang, kgmudian hari
pun siang, maka bdrbSutilah s£uiua-s£muanya orang itu, dan
anak raja itu pun tidor juga. KSmudian bSrtanak, makanlah
ggraua-sSmuanya itu orang. Maka apabila ia hSndak makau
di-jagakannya anak raja itu. Maka tSrkeJutlah anak raja itu
dSripada tidornya, kfimudian di-tulihnya ka-kanan dan ka-kiri,
ka-hacapan dan ka-bSlakang. Tiba-tiba anak raja itu tfcrkejut-
lah ia lalu mdnangis tiada ia lalu makan. Dan sSmua-sSuiua itu
makanlah ia dan sSmua-sfiinua orang itu ka-letehan dan sangat
hgndak tidor. Maka s$mua-$5muanya tidor, maka itu tinggal
anak raja yang tiada man.
KSinudiau tfirsSbut kfisah raja didalam nSgSri kahilangan
anak dan harta-harta. Maka duka-chitalah raja dan orang
b&*ar-b£sar, maka mSmberi khabar s£gala orang l>$sar-b£sar
kapada eSgala n£g$ri yaug dSkat-dSkat. Maka didalaai antara
itu,adalah sa'orang anak m£ntri yang bSsar didalam n$g&ri, ia
katahui anak raja sudah hilang. Maka ia mSnjadikan sa*ekor
burong ^gruda dan tSrbanglah ia dSngan berapa tingginya.
Maka tiada b£rapa laina-nya t$rlibatlah kapudanya di-t&pi
padang berlonggok-longgok, maka ia tujulah kapada tdmpat itu
s$rta d£kat di-iiiiatuya LStul anak raja didalam ndgerinya, yang
sudah hilang itu. Maka di-sambarnya lalu di-bawanya t£ri>ang.
Kfcinudian terkgjutlah number satu di-t&ugoknya ka-kanan dan
ka-kiri, ka-hadapan dan ka-beMakang, tiada lagi anak raja itu.
Maka tftrpandanglah ia ka-atas, maka tampaklah sa'ekor burong
tftrbang tgrlalu bSsarnya. KSmudiau di-jagakannya orang
yang number ampat, kata number satu, " Anak raja sudah
hilang. Itulah bar ang kali di sambar burong yang tSrbang itu.
Maka inilah inasa mika berkSrja boieh panah." KSinudian num-
ber ampat amhil panah, lalu di panahnya. Maka kSualah
burong lalu jatoh kadalam laut. KSuiudian kata number satu
" Jadilah masanya mika bSrkfcrja." Maka kata number tiga,
B. A. Soc., No. 48, 1907*
64 FIVE MEN WHO STOLE THE KING'S DAUGHTER..
" Baiklah." Maka ia pun bSrjalanlah lalu raasok but m£ny8lam
didalam laut itu. Kfcmudian b£rapa lamanya tSrjumpalah anak
raja itu lalu di-bawanya balik ka-t&mpat kawannya tinggal itu.
Maka s$rta satnpai di-l$takkannya anak raja itu sudah mati.
KSmudian kata number satu, u Inilah masanya nrika b£rk$rja
boleh nrika hidopkan sa- inula ini anak raja." Maka number
lima pun mSnyapu muka anak raja itu, maka tiada bdrapa
lamanya bSrsinlah ini anak raja. Maka * anak raja itu pun
mSuangis pula.
Maka didalam antara itu, ini number satu mSsbuarat
hSndak mSmbagi sSgala harta-harta itu. Maka kata number
satu, "Tfiman ini usah'lah di-bhagi harta-harta itu. Boleh
t&man dapat anak raja ini chukoplah." K&mudian kata number
dua, dSmikiau juga, dan kuta number tiga dSmikiau juga, dan
kata number a in pat dSmikian juga, dan kata number lima dSnii-
kian juga. Kemudian kata number satu, u Jikalau bagitu,
baiklah kita p£rgi chart raja yang adil," II a bis itu s8mua-
sSniua kawannya suka bSlaka. Jadi jalanlah mereka itu anam
orang, dan sSgala herta dan anak raja s£mua-s£muanya di-
bawanya oleh number dua.
KSmudian didalam b$rapa hari, tiba-tiba pada satu n£g$ri
masoklah ia didalam n£g£ri itu, maka raja didalam n$g£ri
sangatlah bijaksana. Maka dudoklah ia mfcnumpang pada satu
rumah kSchil. KSmudian pergilah liina-Hina orang m$ngadap
raja, mSngadukan hal bichara dan inaksudnya. Serta sampai
m&ngadap raja, maka kata number satu, " Ainpun tuanku
bfiribu-ribu ampun sSmbah patek kalima orang ini. Maka
adalah patek lima orang ini pdrgi menchuri ka- rumah raja
mgngambil sSgala harta mas-mas dan perak s£rta dSngan anak-
nya sakali. Maka patek hendak bhagi harta itu. Maka kata
patek pada kawan-kawan patek, " Teman usah'lah namanya
dapat harta, t$man dapat anak raja ini pun sahaja." Kdmu-
dian kata number dua, iaitu si pSinbawa, dSraikian itu juga, dan
kata number tiga, iaitu si penyglam dSmikian juga, dan kata
number ampat, si pSinanah, dSmikian itu juga, dan kata number
lima, iaitu si pSinidop, dSiuikian juga. Maka ti adalah dapat
kat&ntuannya. Maka inilah, patek kalima, datang mSngadap
kabawah kaus duli yang maha mulia, mudah-mudahan yang
maha mulia boleh m&hukumkan dengan ka-adilannya."
Jour. Straiti Braaeh,
FIVE MEN WHO STOLE THE KINGS DAUGHTER. 65
K&mudian titah raja itu, u Fasal banyak sSnang hukuman-
nya." Maka titah mShukumlah raja itu, maka orang yang lima
ini tunddk bftrdiam dirinya, masing-masing m£nd&ngarkan
hulfum raja ini. Maka titah raja.
'» Orang yang mula-mula bSndak m&nchuri itu tiada boleh
dap»( j}nak raja itu. Adalah sa-umpamanya tiap-tiap anak itu
asajnjft d&ripada bap* datangnya. Dan number dua, iaitu orang
yang mfcmbawa anak raja, itu umpamanya s8p£rti pengasoh
aimS rtja, tiada boleh dapat padanya. Dan number tiga, iaitu
orang yang m&nySlam, ialah boleh dapat b$rkhawin dSngan
Hn^k ntja itu kfcrana ia sudah mSngtahui thahir dan batinnya.
Dan number ampat, iaitu p£manab, maka flu orang sangat s&tia
akan *nak raja itu. Maka ini orang tiada boleh dapat kapada-
nya. Adalah umpamanya sdpSrti saudara anak raja itu. Dan
number lima itu, iaitu yang mSngidop, maka adalah ini orang
thuja boleh dapat kapadanya. Adalah umpamanya s£p£rti mak
anak raja itu. Tiap-tiap budak tiada maknya s&p&rti mSmbfcri
au*u, tf#d«v boleh budak ada dan hidop."
Plmikianlah di-ibaratkan oleb raja hukuman ini, maka h8n-
dakl*t) kita ambil katahui tiap-tiap orang yang ampunya fikiran
mtncjtypat kapada number satu, maka itu orang hatinya apa-apa
pf kirjjaan, dia hfcndak mdnjadi kftpala juga. Dan jika mSndapat
kapaot number dua, maka itu orang suka mSngSrjakan pdkdjaan
orang*orang. Dan jika siapa-siapa mSndapat pada number tiga
maka Itu orang apa-apa Gkiran dia, yang hSndak di-pSrbuatnya
jarftfiglah tiada jadi, s£lalu b£tul pgrkataannya, Dan maka
aiapa-afapa mSndapat kapada number ampat maka itu orang
sangat sStia dSngan kawannya. Dan jika siapa-siapa mSndapat
pad* p umber lima, maka ini orang sangat pdngasih dan d&nya-
boqg akan manusia. Hal inilah ibarat ch£rita ini adanya.
ft. A. fof.. No. 41, 1»07.
♦5
Mat Janin.*
The tale is told that once upon a time there was a man
called S&mordan, who lived in a coconut plantation that he had
made, and, thanks to God, he lived at his ease, he and his
children eating of the foison of his plantation.
Now one day he was walking with his children in the
garden and he saw that many of the nuts were ripe. Just at
that time SSmordan met a man who was a past master in the
art of climbing coconuts and whose name was Mat Janin.
Semordan said to him, " Hai Mat Janin, do you want to earn
wages by climbing coconuts ? "
Mat Janin said, " If the pay is right I would like it.
What do you want to pay a tree ? "
Seraordan answered, "Two nuts, and the number of the
trees is about twenty five."
Mat Janin said, "Very well then."
Ho he began to climb one of the coconuts, and while he
was half way up he began to think on this wise : "lam going
to climb these twenty five trees, that means fifty nuts.
Now I can sell those nuts for a cent apiece, that means
half a dollar. Then I shall buy some cheap nuts and I shall
get sixty. Then I will boil them and extract the oil.
After that I will sell the oil and get ten cents profit. That is
my money has become seven times ten cents. After that I
will buy fowls, one cock and one hen, for thirty cents the pair
of them. That leaves forty cents. Then I can buy ten
gantangs of rice for their food. That will be fifteen cents and
will leave me a quarter of a dollar. That will do for my expenses
in taking care of the fowls. In time the fowl will lay eggs and
hatch chickens. I will take care of those chickens too. Then
in time they too will hatch other chickens. And the mother
* A short tale by Penghulu Mohamed Noordin bin Jaffar of
Kota Sti* Lower Perak. No. special source oan be assigned. The
moral is the old one : do not connt your chicken before they are
hatched.
J#»r. 8traita Brunei, R. A. 8©c., No. 48, 1907.
68 MAT JANIN.
will also still be laying. So my fowls will become many in
number. Then I will sell them all. After that I will buy
ducks. And rice too for their food. In time they will hatch
ducklings. Again after a time those young ducks in their turn
will hatch other ducklings, and the old ones will still be laying.
So I will have a lot of ducks. They will go upstream and they
will go downstream all quacking, * ka ka.' Then people will
say, ' Whose ducks are those ? ' and others will answer,
f Those are Met Janin's ' and in response the others will say,
* Mat Janin seems to be rich. 9
Then I will sell the whole of my ducks and will buy two
she-goats and one he goat. In time they will have kids, and
those kids when they grow will get other kids, and the others
will not be sterile. So that in time I will have many goats
and they will wander up stream and down stream, people will
say, ' Whose goats are these ? ' and others will answer, ' Those
are Mat Janin's goats.'
Then I will sell all those goats and I will buy a buffalo
bull and a buffalo cow. In time they will get calves and those
calves will after a time get other calves of their own and the
mother will still go on bearing. So I will get a lot of buffaloes.
They will wander up stream and down stream and they will
low ' wa wa ' up stream and 'wawa' down stream. People
will say, ' Whose buffaloes are those ? ' And others will answer,
1 Those are Mat Janin's.' And the others will reply, * Verily
this Mat Janin seems to be indeed rich.'
After that I will sell all my buffaloes and I will buy a
bull elephant and a cow elephant. In time they will breed
and after a farther time their children too will breed and the
old mother will go on breeding. So that I will have a lot of
elephants.
Then I will sell all those elephants and get a lot of money.
After that I will buy a ship complete with her cargo. Then I
will go to some other country and there I will marry the
daughter of the king of that country, who is very beautiful. I
will be very happy there and I will play with my wife and
fondle her. At daybreak I will go to the royal hall to play
Jour. Straits Brftncb,
MAT JANIN. 69
chess with the king's children. Then when I am busy playing
chess the priucess will call me to go in. One of her maids will
oome and say, 'The princess invites my lord to go in and
partake of some slight refreshment.' But I will think, ( I
don't know whether it is really to partake of some refreshment
or whether she wants me to fondle her again. Anyhow I won't
worry about her.' A little while after the princess herself will
come and will say, ' This fellow was invited to come in but he
never paid the slightest attention. Very well we shall see. 1
Still I will pay no attention to her. In a little while she will
come near me. Then the king's son will say, Mate.' ' Is
that really so? I will say' * Mate,' says the king's sou
again. ' Come along and have your food now,' she will say.
But I will say, * Wait a bit, I have been beaten.' While this
is going on the princess will dig me in the ribs on the right
side but I will twist away to the left. Then she will poke me
on the left hand side but I will dodge to the right.'
In the meanwhile Mat Janin was acting this piece of by-
play, and failed to notice that his grip of the coconut leaf was
loosened. 80 he fell right down to the ground and was killed
outright. Semordan was very sorrowful to see the death Mat
Janin died.
Mat Janin.
A1k$sah maka adalah pada masa zaman dahulu kala maka
ada satu orang nama 56mordan dudok ia pgrbuat satu kftbun
nyiur, maka disSbabkan Allah, s$nanglah ia dudok makan anak
bSranak dapat khazanah d&ripada k&bunnya itu. M«ka pada
satu hari bfcrjalanlah ia anak bgranak didalam kSbunnya itu,
maka dit$ngohnya banyak sudah masak buah nyiur-nya itu.
Maka pada waktu itu bgrjumpalah ini SSmordan dengan satu
orang yang tSrlalu biasa dan pandai mSmanjat nyiur, namanya
Mat Janin. Maka kata S&mordau, " Iiay Mat Janin, adakab
mika malm m&ngambil upah mSmanjat nyiur ? " Maka kata
B. A. 80c., No. 48, 19U7.
70 MAT JANIN.
Mat Janin, "Jikalau betuMStul dengan upah-nya mahulah
teman. B&rapalah mika hendak upab didalam satu pokok ?"
Maka jawab Senior dan, " Dua biji, dan banyak pokok adalab
lebih kurang didalam dua puloh lima pokok." Maka kata Mat
Janin, baiklab. Maka iapun raSmanjatlah satu pokok nyiur itu,
maka didalam ia tSngah mSmanjat itu timbullah fikirannya
didalam hatinya.
u Aku m^manjat ini didalam 25 pokok dapatlah aku lima
puloh biji, maka aku jual nyiur itu, dSngan barga satu duit sa-
biji, dapatlah aku duit lima kupang. K£mudian aku bSlikan
pula nyiur yang murah harganya dapat pula 6 nam puloh biji.
Kgmudian aku tanak minyak. KSmudian aku jual itu minyak
dapatlah aku untong sakupang, sudah jadi duit aku itu tujob
kupang. KSmudian aku b&tikan ayam pula sa'ekor jantan sa'ekor
b$tina dSngan harga tiga kupang kaduanya. Tinggal duit aku
ampat kupang. K&mudian aku bfclikan padi sapuloh gantang
barga t$ugah dua kupang, akan makanan ayam ini, dan tinggal
duit aku lagi satu suku. Maka jadilah duit ini akan bfclanja aku
mSnielibara itu ayam. K$mudian ini ayam lama-lama ia b£r-
telor bSranak. Maka aku bfcla juga itu anak lama-lama anak itu
pun beranak dan ma-nya pun b&ruak jadi banyaklah ayam aku
Kemudian aku juallah habis-habis. Maka aku beli pula itSk
dan aku beli pula padi akan makanannya. Lama-lama beranak
pula aku be la juga. Lama-lama dengan kalama'an-nya anak pun
beranak, dan ma-nya, pun b£ranak, jadi banyaklah itek aku.
Berjalanlah ia ka-hulu dan ka-hilir sSrta ia bfcrbunyi, " Ka-ka."
Maka kata orang " Itek siapa itu? " Maka kata orang yang
lain pul«, " Itfck Si Mat Janin." Maka kata orang itu, u Kay a
sudah rupanya Si Mat Janin itu."
KSmudian aku jual pula ini itek habis-habis, maka aku
belikan pula kambing dua ekor bfctina dan sa'ekor jantan.
Lama-lama d$ngan kalama'annya beranak pula. Maka ini pun
b£sar lalu ia beranak dan ma-nya pun beranak. Lama- lama
jadi banyaklah kambing aku berjalanlah ia ka-hulu ka-hilir,
maka kata orang, u Kambing siapakah itu ? " Maka kata orang
yang lain pula, " ltulah kambing Si Mat Janin."
Kemudian aku jual pula ini kambing habis. Maka aku
MHikan pula kerbau sa'ekor jantan sa'ekor bStina. Lama-lama
Jour. Straits Branch,
MAT JANIN. 71
Wranak pula ini kgrbau. Maka lama-lama dSngan kalama'an-
nya, anak pun bgranak dan ma-nya pun bSranak, jadi banyak-
lab kSrbau aku. BSrjalanlah ia ka-hulu dan ka-bilir sSrta b£r-
bunyi " Wa-wa" ka-hulu, " Wa-wa," ka-bilir. Kata orang,
" KSrbau siapa itu ? " Maka kata orang yang lain pula, u Itu-
lah kSrbau Si Mat Janin." Maka kata orang itu, " Kaya sung-
gohlah Mat Janin ini rupanya." KSmudian aku jual pula ini
bSrbau habis, maka aku bSlikan pula gajab sa'ekor jantan
ka'ekor bStina. Lama-lama b$ranak pula ini gajab. Lama
dSngan kalamalannya anak pun bgranak dan ma-nya pun
s$ranak, jadi banyaklah gajab aku.
Maka aku juaikan pula ini gajab habis-habis, maka banyak
pulah aku dapat duit. K$mudian aku belikan pula satu buab
kapal chukop dSngan muatannya, maka pgrgilah aku kapada
sa'buah n$g$ri. KSmudian mSminang pula aku kapada anak
raja yang didalam nfcgSri itu yang sangat eloknya. Maka aku
pun sangatlah suka bati aku dSngan bSrgumol b&rgalutlah aku
d$ngan pSrerapuan aku itu. Apabila siang hari aku pun p$rgi
ka-balai bgrmain chator dgngan segala anak raja-raja. KSmu-
dian tSngah aku main chator, di-pauggil oleb tuan put£ri aku
masok kadalam. Da tang sa'orang dayang-dayang mSmanggil itu,
katanya," Tuan di-panggil ol eh tuan putgri masok kadalam ia
bSndak santap." Fikiran aku pula, Sntahkan b$ndak santap £ntah-
kan Wrgumol bgrgalot dengan aku, tiada juga aku fShdulikan.
Sabuntar lagi datangtab pula tuan put£ri sSndiri, katanya,
u Orang ini kita memanggil dia, haram tiada di-f8hdulikannya,
baiklah." Maka tiada juga aku biraukan. Lama-lama datang
ia dftkat aku. Maka kata anak raja- raja itu " Mat." Maka
"Sah?" pula kata aku. "Mat," kata anak raja-raja pula.
Lama-lama, " Marilab kita raakan." Maka kata aku, u Nantilah
dahulu, aku sudab kalah." Antara bagitu di-cbuchok tuan
putdri pinggang aku di-sablah kanan, aku gelSkkan ka-kiri dan
di-chuchoknya di-sablah kiri, aku gelSkkan ka-sablah kanan.
Maka ini Mat Janin tSngah mglakukan kalakuan yang d$uii-
kian ini, tiada s8dar tangannya t£rl8pas d&ripada p&]$pah nyiur
itu, lalu jatoh kabawah langsong mati. Maka SSinordan sangat-
lah susah hatinya inSlihatkan hal kamatian Mat Janin itu.
B. A. Soc n No. 48, 19U7.
\
Pa' Pandir.*
*
Once on a time a certain woman named Ma' Andih
married a man called Pa 1 Pandir. "In course of time they had
a daughter. When she was about six months old Ma 1 Andih
went out to receive her wages as a reaper. She left the child
with Pa' Pandir.
She said, " I leave the child with you, Pa ' Padir. You
must bathe her in hot water, but take care that it is only flesh
warm (lit : as hot as your finger nail)."
Pa' Pandir said, " All right." Afterwards while Ma' Andih
was away getting her pay, Pa' Pandir put a lot of water in a
big pot and when it was boiling over he dipped the child right
into it. The child died at once. Its teeth remained wide
apart. When Pa' Pandir saw its teeth like that, he said,
" How the child likes the hot water."
Not long after Ma" Andih came back from getting her
pay and when she saw her dead child in the pot she burBt into
weeping and with profuse lamentations said, " Woe is me child,
child of my heart, we have been for ever separated by this
accursed Pa' Pandir, may his death be sudden."
Pa' Pandir said, •• Why are you weeping like that ? "
•• Are you blind ? Don't you see that my own child it
dead, murdered by you ? "
" I never thought that she was dead for she was busy
eating that broken rice."
" Are you blind ? The child's mouth is full of flies and
you say it is eating broken rice. But since it is dead we must
bury it."
So they buried the child. Three days after Ma' Andih
said, " Pa' Pandir, I want to give a feast, let me make ready."
This tale is told by Peughulu Mohamed Noordin bin Jaffar of
KoU Stia Lower Perak. He cannot give the source from which he
learned it.— The huruour is in places unfortunately pre-Shakespear-
can in its breadth.
Jomr. Strait* Branch, B. A. Soc., No. 48, 1907.
74 PA' PANDIR.
So she made ready as well as she could all sorts of
eatables. Then she sent Pa' Pandir out to call the Uajis and
Lebais and the common people.
Pa* Pandir said, " What is a Haji like ? What is a Lebai
like ? How shall I know the common people ? "
Ma' Andih answered, " Wherever you find anyone with
a white head that is a Haji, wherever you find anyone with
a beard that is a Lebai, and all those with parti-coloured
clothes are the common people."
So Pa' Pandir went to call them. After walking for a
little way he met a flock of sparrows with white heads. So
he said,
" Gentlemen Hajis, Ma' Andih invites you to the feast
that she has prepared in honour of her child who died three
days ago."
" Wee wee wee," piped the sparrows as they flew away.
" The house is not wee " replied Pa* Pandir. But the
birds only flew on. So he pursued after them with all his might
until he caught one.
After that he went on again. A little later he met with
a flock of goats. He saw at once that they had beards so he
said,
" Oh sirs and lebais, you are invited by Ma' Andih to her
feast, for her child has now been dead three days.''
" Bah bah bah " bleated the goats as they ran away.
" How dare you say bah to Ma* Andih's cooking ? " Said
Pa' Pandir. So he ran after them industriously until he caught
one, which he earned slung across the nape of its neck.
Afterwards Pa 1 Pandir went on to look for the common
people who wore varicoloured clothes. He went on into the
jungle. Almost at once he met with a large male tiger. Pa :
Pandir said, " Ho man of the common folk, Ma' Andih invites
you to her feast which she has made in honour of her child who
died just three days ago." But the tiger ran away. So Pa'
Jour. Straits Bmneb,
PA' PANDIR. 75
Pandir chased it with all his might. At last he got the tiger and
dragged it home with him by the ear.
When he reached home and Ma' And ill saw the white
headed sparrow and the old he goat with the long beard and
the tiger with his striped fur, she said, " Where are the hajis
and the lebais and the common people ? *'
And Pa' Pandir replied, u This with a white head isahaji,
this with the beard is a lebai, and this in the striped jacket is
one of the common people : for that is what you said."
Then Ma 1 Ahdih exclaimed, " 111 starred Pa* Pandir,
accursed Pa' Pandir, may you die an evil death. You call a
white headed sparrow a haji and an old he goat a lebai and a
tiger a common man/'
Pa' Pandir said, " Really I never thought that that was a
sparrow or that a goat or that a tiger."
Then Ma' Andili ordered him to let them all go. So Pa*
Pandir set them all free. The result was that Ma' Andili had
to call the people herself and only then were they able to have
the feast.
Afterwards when the seventh day had arrived Ma' Andili
planned another feast. Ma' Andih said, '* It is now seven
days siuce our child died we ought to make a feast. We must
get a buffalo this time in order that wc may make a proper feast
to our child."
Pa Pandir replied, " I will carry out just whatever you
think is right."
So Ma' Andih said, "Go and look for a buffalo."
Pa' Pandir replied, " Very well." Then he said, u What
is a buffalo like ? "
Ma' Andih replied, " Whatever you find eating grass, is a
buffalo." He went off towards the rice field. There he found
a man busy using a tajak, (a heavy weeding hoc) whose sharp
edge ate into the grass. When Pa' Pandir got up to him, he
said, " Ho sir, will you sell this buffalo ? "
The man replied, "This is not a buffalo."
B. A. 80c, No, 48, 1907,
7« PA' PANDIR.
Pa 1 Pandir said, " I am only following what Ma' Andih
said : ' Whatever jou find eating into the grass, is a buffalo."
The owner of the rice field then said, " If Ma' Andih said
so I will sell. The price of my buffalo is twelve dollars."
So Pa' Pandir paid what the owner of the buffalo asked and
dragged the buffalo away. But the hoe kept jumping about
behind him as it was pulled along until at last it caught him on
the tendon of Achilles and drew blood. Then Pa' Pandir said,
" This is an ill starred buffalo. This tendon of mine is
very sore indeed. And look there is blood on the beast's horns
too.' 1 But he went on dragging it until he reached his own
house. When he arrived he fastened it securely to the stem
of a betel-nut tree and went upstairs.
Ma' Andih said, " Pa' Pandir. Where is the buffalo ? '»
" I have fastened it to the betel-nut tree over there. But
don't go too near, for my heel is very sore having been pierced
by the brute's horns."
" I will only look at it from a distance."
So she went to see it. She looked to the right and to the
left but she could see nothing. Then she called out, " Pa'
Pandir, Pa' Pandir, where is the buffalo ? Has it got loose ?"
" It is there. I tied it very securely to the stem of
that betel-nut."
" Am I blind? I can not see any buffalo here."
So Pa' Pandir tumbled down from the house to look for
the buffalo. When he got there he said, " This is the buffalo
that I have bought." And he pointed out the hoe to Ma'
Andih.
Ma' Andih gave a scream, wheu she saw the hoc, saying,
" Accursed Pa' Pandir, cursed Pa' Pandir. May your death
be speedy. You call a hoe a buffalo."
So they got another buffalo, a real one, and then they had
the feast
Some four or five days after this when he and Ma' Andih
were both out reaping their rice it came on to rain and they
Jour. Straiti Branch,
PA' PANDIR. 77
both took shelter under a tree. Pa' Pandir said, " Ma Andih,
Ma' Andih, com' gimme 'nana." But Ma' Andih paid no
attention to him. After two or three times however she took
a banana and smeared it with charcoal and gave it to him.
Pa 1 Pandir tore the banana in two and said, " Ma' Andih
Ma' Andih r * 'is 'nana 'ot not cook' wa' 'appen' ? "
Ma' Andih replied, " You wanted it in a hurry, so that is
how it is like that."
After that they both went home and stayed there.
About ten days later Pa' Pandir became very ill and at
last died. Ma' Andih wept over Pa' Pandir with varied
weeping* and went to call the Hajis and Lebais to bury Pa 1
Pandir. The Hajis and Lebais came, and after having washed
the body and held a service they buried him at the head of the
rice mortar. For so Pa' Pandir had ordered and Ma' Andih
carefully carried out all that he had ordered. After that Ma 1
Andih made a feast on the third day and on the seventh day
and again on the hundredth day, («c, after Pa' Pandir 's death) .
Pa' Pandir.
Alkesah maka adalah pada masa zaman dahulu kala ada
satu oran£ perSmpuan bernama Ma' Andih berkhawin d$ngan
9atu oran£ laki-laki nama Pa' Pandir. Kemudian btiranak sa-
orang pSrempuan, ada-lah kira-kira umornya anam bulan, maka
ini Ma' Andih headak pdrgi mengambil upah menu a, maka di-
tinggalkannya ini budak pada Pa 9 Pandir, maka kata Ma' Andih,
44 Budak ini tinggal pada Pa' Pandir, tStapi sekarang boleh Pa*
Pandir mandikan dgngan ayer hangat: biar p£sam-p£sam kuku."
Maka jawab Pa 9 Pandir, " Baiklah."
Kemadian sap£ninggal Ma' Andih p£rgi mfingambil upah
mSnue itu. maka Pa' Pandir masokkan ayex dUdakm- Mtir kuali
bSsar, maka sudah menggelfcgak itu ayer, maka di masokkannya
budak itu ka-dalam kuali lalu mati tSrjSrangin giginya. Maka
di-lihat oleh Pa' Pandir gigi budak itu t&rj&anffin katanya,
44 Suka sangat anak aku ini inSrasa ayer hangat ini.*' K&mudian
B. A. Hoc., No. 48, 1907.
78 PA' PANDIR.
tiada b&rapa lama-nya dibalah Ma' Andih dSripada m&ngambil
upah tue itu, maka tiba-tiba ditSngo'nya anak-nya didilam kuali
sudab mati. Maka mSnangislah Ma' Andih m&lihatkan anak-nya
audah roati dSngan bSrbagai-bagai tangisnya katanya, " Wahai
anakku, dan buah hatiku, dan jantong lipaku, dan buah batiku,
urut rambut batu kSpalaku, bSrcherei langsong rupanya kita
anak bSranak di-buat Pa' Pandir te*lukup, Pa' Pandir teTmgkap,
Pa' Pandir kuto', Pa' Pandir mati bangat."
MakakataPa' Paddir, "Apa yang Ma' Andih tan giskan
itu ? " Maka kata Ma' Andih, •' Butakah mata angkatf, tiada
m$lihat aku punya anak sudah mati angkau bunoh ? " Maka
jawab Pa' Pandir, " Tiada sakali aku sangka anak kitn itu sudah
mati k$rana ia t&ngah makan m&lukut itu." Maka kata Ma'
Andih, " Butakah mata angkau, mulutnya budak itu p£noh di-
isi b&rBnga di-katakannya budak itu tengah makan mSlukut.
Maka jikalau bag itu baik-lah kita tanaui." Maka ia pun lalu
menanam budak itu.
Hata sa-tfclah sampailah tiga hari, kata Ma' Andih, " Pa'
Pandir aku h&ndak khanduri, biarlab ku siapkan." Maka ia
pun siaplah atas kadarnya s£gala makananuya, maka di-suroh-
nya Pa' Pandir roSmanggil haji dan lebai dan orang ka-banyak-
kan. Maka kata Pa' Pandir, ( ' Bagimana rupa haji, dan bagi-
mana rupa 18bai, dan bagimana rupa orang kabanyakkan ? "
Maka jawab Ma' Andih, " Mana-mana yang puteh kfcpalanya
itu-lah haji, dan mana mana yang bSrjanggut, itu-lah
ebai, dan mana-mana yang bSrchorak kainnya, itulah orang
kabanyakkan." Maka Pa' Pandir, pun pergilah mSmanggil itu.
fCSmudian bfcrjalanlah ia sabuntar, bSrjumpalah dfcngan sa-
kawan burong pipit uban puteh kSpalanya, maka kata Pa'
Pandir, " Tuan haji, di-panggil oleh Ma' Andih, ia hSndak khan-
durikan anaknya sudah mati tiga hari sudah. Maka burong itu
t&rbanglah ia serta bSrdfcmikian bunyinya" Pit-pit-pit." Maka
kata Pa' Pandir, " Rumah Ma' Andih tiada sgmpit." Maka itu
burong pun tSrbanglah ia lalu di-hambat oleh Pa' Pandir dengan
bgrsunggoh-sunggoh hati-nya, maka dapatlah satu ekor. Kdmu-
dian b&rjalanlah pula Pa' Pandir, sa bun tar lagi b&rjuuipa dengan
sa-kawan kainbing, dan di-lihatnya bSrjanggut semuanya, maka
katnya, " Tuan lfcbai di-panggil oleh Ma' Andih, ia hSndak
Jour. Strait* Brantb
PA' PAND1R. 79
khanduri akan anaknya sudah mati tiga hari lalu, u Maka kam-
bing itu pun lari sSrta bfcrbunyi dSmikian bunyinya, u Beh-beh-
beh" Maka kata Pa' Pandir, " Nasi Ma' Andih, tiada ISmbek,"
K&mudian di-hambat oleb Pa* Pandir, dSngan bfcrsunggoh-
sunggoh hatinya dapat satu ekor di-pikulnya diatas tSngkoknya.
KSmudian pSrgi pula Pa' Pandir, mSnchari orang kabanyakkan,
yang bSrchorak kain pakaienya.
Maka masok Pa' Pandir kadalam butan, sa-buntar bSrjalan
bSrjumpalah dfcngan sa'ekor barimau jantan, maka kata Pa*
Pandir, " Ilai orang kabanyakkan, Ma' Andih mSmanggil ka-
rumahnya, ia hfcndak khanduri akan anaknya sudah mati tiga
hari lalu." Maka harimau itu pun lari, lalu di-hambatnya
dSngan bSisunggoh hatinya, maka dapatlah harimau itu di-
tareknya bawa pulang.
KSmudian sSrta sampai ka-rumahnya di-lihatnya oleh Ma
Andih s'ekor burong pipit uban, dan s'ekor kambing jantan
panjang janggutnya, dan s'ekor harimau jantan bSrb&lang hulu-
nya. Maka kata Ma' Andih, '* Manatah tuan haji, dan manatah
tuan 18bai, dan manatah orang kabanyakkan ? " Maka jawab
Pa' Pandir, •' Yang puteh kSpalanya ini tuan haji, dan yang
b£rjanggut inilah tuan l£bai, dan yang bSrchorak-chorak kain
pakaiennya inilah orang kabanyakkan, kSrana kata Ma' Andih
bagitu." Maka kata Ma' Andih, " Pa' Pandir chelaka, Pa'
Pandir t$lukup, Pa' Pandir mati dibunoh. Burong pipit uban
di-katakannya haji, dan kambing jantan di-katakannya 16bai
dan harimau jantan di-katakannya orang kabanyakkan." Maka
kata Pa' Pandir, " liaram sakali-kali aku tiada sangkakan
burong pipit dan kambing dan harimau." Maka di-suroh oleh
Ma' Andih ltipaskan sgmua-sSmua-nya, maka Pa' Pandir
l&paskanlah s$inua-s$inuanya-lah. Jadi Ma' Andih panggil
sfcndiri orang babarulah ia khanduri.
KSmudian sampailah sudah tujoh hari meshuarat Ma' Anidh
htindak khanduri pula, maka kata Ma' Andih, " Ini anak kita
pudah sampai tujoh hari, patutlah kita khanduri ini, mau chari
sa'ekor k&rbau supaya kita khanduri akan anak kita itu." Maka
jawab Pa' Pandir, "Mana-mana yang elok pada Ma' Andih aku
mengikut sahaja." Kgumdian kata Ma' Andih, *» Pergilah Pa'
Pandir chari sa'ekor kerbau." Maka jawab Pa' Pandir, " Baik-
lah," Maka katanya, u Bagimana rupa k&rbau itu ? " Maka
R. A. *?oc., No. 48, 1907.
80 PA PANDIR.
jawab Ma' Andih, "Mana-raana yang makan riimput itulah
kSrbau." K&mudian Pa' Pandir pun p£rgilah pnla m&nchari
k&rbau lalu ia mSnuju b&ndang, Maka b&rjumpalah pula ddngan
sa'orang tSngah mSnajak, di-dapatkannya orang itu, maka
katanya, u Huai inche' di-jualkah kferbau ini ? " Maka jawab
orang itu, " Ini bukannya kerbau." Maka kata Pa' Pandir,
" Sabaya mSngikut kata Ma' Andih, mana-mana yang makan
rumput itulah kerbau." "Maka jika bagitu p&san Ma* Andiah,
sahaya juallah." Maka kata orang bSndangitu, u Harga kfirbau
sahaya ini dua bfclas ringgit? " Maka di-bayar oleh Pa' Pandir,
sa-banyak pSrkataan tuan kerbau itu, maka di-tarek oleh Pa'
Pandir, itu kftrbau, Maka tajak itupun tnSlompat-lompat dfcri
bfclakangnya hingga lukalah k$ting Pa' Pandir itu di-makan
oleh tajak itu. Maka kata Pa' Pandir. " Kdrbau chelaka ini
bSngkin sangat keting kita, pula b&rdarah di-tandoknya." Maka
ia tarek juga, tiada b&rapa lamanya tibalah ka-rumahnya lalu di-
tambatkannya di-pangkal pinang lalu ia naik ka-rumahnya.
Maka kata Ma' Andih, " Mana kSrbau itu Pa' Pandir ? " Maka
jawab Pa' Pandir itu, " Dia aku tafhbatkan di-pangkal pinang
itu, jangan Ma' Andih ddkat kerbau itu k$rana itu kSrbau
t£rlalu b$ngkingnya luka k$ting aku di-tandoknya?" Maka
kata Ma' Andih, " Aku bgndak tSngok deri jauh sahaja."
Maka p&rgilah mSlihat kSrbau itu, di-t$ngoknya ka-kiri
dan ka-kanan apa pun tidak. Maka kata Ma' Andih, " Pa f
Pandir, Pa' Pandir mana kSrbau itu, sudah ISpaskah ? " Maka
kata Pa' Pandir, " Ada disitu, aku tambatkan di-pangkal pinang
itu kuat sa-kali." Maka kata Ma' Andih, *' Buta mata aku tiada
aku mdlihat kSrbau disini ?" Maka Pa' Pandir pun b&rk&jar pfcrpi
mSlihat kdrbau itu, maka tiba, " Ini la h kSrbau yang aku bfcli
itu." Di-tunjokkannya tajak itu kapada Ma' Andih. Serta
di-t&ngok oleh Ma' Andih tajak itu, maka m$njSrit Ma' Andih
ka-atasnya, u Pa' Pandir kutok, Pa' Pandir t&lingkap.* Pa*
Pandir tdlukup, Pa' Pandir mati di-bunoh, Pa' Pandir mati
bangat, tajak di-katakannya kfcrbau." Maka di-charinya pula
yang lain k$rbau b&tul, baharu-lah ia khanduri.
*Teluknp Telingkap. Both used in Perak,— especially as a
swear-word among "gembala gajah " — in the sense of 'damned."
Binatang telingkap Teluknp binatang damned brute.
W. G. M.
Jour. Straits Branch,
FA' PANDIR. 81
Maka salama-lama Ma' Andih kamatian anak itu, maka ia
pun raSnaroh duka chita salama-lamanya, maka b&rfikirlah Ma*
Andih, s8rta mupakatlah ia d£ngan Pa' Pandir, * 4 Baiklah kita
pindah dSripada t&mpat ini, kgrana ini tSmpat chSlaka anak aku
sudah mati." Maka jawab Pa* Pandir, " Maka mana-mana suka
Ma' Andih-lah aku mfcngikut sahaja." Maka kata Ma* Andih,
u Baik kita chart tSmpat yang boleh bfcrladang." Maka Pa*
Pandir pun mSnchari t&mpat bSrladang, dan tSmpat itupun
elok pada fikirannya, maka ia t&bas tSbanglab, maka apabila
sudah siap tanah itu ia buattah rum ah dan ia pun turun m&n-
dapat Ma Andih mSngajak pindah, dan Ma* Andih pun bSrsiap-
lah sfcjala pgkakasnya berangkat pSrgi pada dan^or yang di-
buatnya Pa* Pandir di-ladang itu, dan Pa* Pandir dudok diarn
sahaja.
K8mudian ada satu kali ada tinggal satu biji bakul barang
yang kfcchil didalam bakul itu, kSmudian Ma* Andiah p8rgi mar.di.
Maka Pa' Pandir masok didalam bakul itu mafca tiba-tiba Ma'
Andih d8ri mandi itu ia angkat itu bakul di-naikkannya ka-atas
kSpalanya dan di-junjongnyalah itu bakul dandi-rasa Ma' Andih
bSrat bakul itu, " Apa pula bakul ini be rat ? Tadi tiada bSrat"
Maka b&rkata itu sambil bSrjalan. KSmudian tiba sa-t$ngah
jalan di-kftnching oleh Pa* Pandir dalam bakul itu dan basablah
k£pala Ma* Andih, maka bSrungut-rungut Ma' Andih katanya,
44 Sudahnya rupanya balang bdkas minyak aku pSchah tiadalah
boleh aku m8r8ndangkan pSmakan Pa' Pandir." KSmudian
sSrta sarapai ka-dangor itu di-b8mpaskan Ma' Andih bakul
itu maka mBnjSritlah didalam bakul itu. KSraudian tfcrkSjut-
lah Ma' Andiah katanya, " Pa' Pandir rupanya didalam bakul
ini : patutlah b&rat. Pa* Pandir t$lukup, Pa' Pandir tSIingkap,
Pa' Pandir mati di-bunoh, Pa' Pandir mati bangat, Pa' Pandir
mati di-sula, Tidaklah ia kasihan kapada aku rupanya baginilah
kita pSnat ? " K&mudian Pa' Pandir k&luarlah dSridalam bakul
itu.
Maka dudoklah bfcrkSrja ladaug dudok disitu, antara b8-
bSrapa bulan fikiran Pa' Pandir, 4( Baik aku pSrgi bSlayar, biar
tinggal Ma' Andih kerja ladang." KSmudian satu hari bSrcha-
kaplah Pa' Pandir dSngan Ma' Andih, katanya, •' Ma' Andih
aku hgfldak bSlayar, Ma' Andih tinggal kgrja ladang, buatkan-
lah aku lampin-lampin bSkal." Maka kata Ma' Andih,
B. A. Soc., No. 48, 1907.
82 PA' PANDIR.
u Baiklah." KSmudian Ma 9 Andih pun mSmbuatlah lampin-
lampin itu, antara dua hari sSmua-sSmua lampin sudah siap ia
taroh didalam satu bakul adalah kira-kira didalara dua tiga
gantang, maka itu hari juga Ma' Andih p$rgi bSrjalan.
KSmudian Pa' Pandir tSngok lampin-lampin sudah siap maka
di-ambilnya kain-kain burok dan di-bawanya lampin-lampin itu
ka-ata3 para lalu di-makannya habis s$mua-s$mua-nya dan
lobang buritnya di-sumbatnya dSngan kain burok itu serta ia
baring di-bawah kawah. Habis itu Ma' Andih pun balik dSri
jalan, di-tengoknya Pa' Pandir sudah tiada dan t&mpat lampin-
lampin pun tiada jua maka sangka Ma' Andih Pa' Pandir sudah
p£rgi bSlayar, maka bSrchakaplah Ma' Andih sa-orang-orang'
u Wahai Pa' Pandir bSlayar haram tiada ia b&rkhabar kapada
aku." Habis itulah adalah sSlang lima anam hari fikirlah Ma'
Andih dSkatlah sudah h&ndak balik, maka ia bSrsiap didalam
rumah itu mgmbuang sampah-sampah dan sarang-sarang di-
bawah dan diatas. K8mudian adalah tSrjumbai jumbai sSdikit
kain pfcnyumbat lobang burit Pa' Pandir. Maka di-tarik oleh
Ma' Andih, maka sSrta di-tarik Ma' Andih itu kain terchabutlah
d&ripada lobang burit Pa' Pandir maka kSluar sdgala tahi dan
cheret d8ri burit Pa' Pandir itu habis kfcna kSpala Ma' Andih
maka terkSjutlah Ma' Andih maka kata Ma' Andih, u Inilah rupa
Pa' Pandir, aku sangkakan ia pergi bSlayar, rupanya dia buat
lampin-lampin buat bSkal tidor diatas para sahaja *b8ras
chika b£ras batangnya sa-orang dirinya Pa' Pandir tSlukup,
Pa' Pandir tSlingkap, Pa' Pandir mati di-bunoh, Pa' Pandir mati
ban gat. Harap hati aku dia p&rgi bSlayar boleh ia bSlikan
kain baju aku ini. Usahakan kain baju jangan di-beraknya
kepala aku pun baik sangat." Habis itu ia pSrgi mandi dan
b£rlimau b£dak mSmbuang busok tahi Pa' Pandir diatas k&pala-
nya itu.
KSmudian s&lang ampat lima hari adalah satu hari hujan
rinchek-rinchek p$rgi ia m£nue bfcrdua dfcngan Ma' Andih dan
b£rt£doh dibawah batang, maka kata Pa' Pandir, " Ma' Andih Ma'
* Beras chika, bcras batang, (beras nanah, beras tnmbah, bcras
chekih.) These are the coarsest words which can be applied to food,
just as " nan tap " is the most elegant.
Jour, b traits Branch
#-
PA' PANDIR. 83
Andih f nyi-nyi ini akarlah ichang awa atang ini." Maka tiada
juga di-fSdulikan Ma' Andih dan sampai dua tiga kali di-surob
pSrgi, Ma' Andih ambil pisang dan di-sapu-sapukannya pada
arang jadi hitamlah pisang itu dan di-bagikannya pada Pa'
Pandir dan di-koyak Pa' Pandir pisang itu maka kata Pa'
Pandir, •' Ma' Andih Ma' Andih Jichang ini angus achak idak
apa kena bagitu ? " Maka kata Ma' Andib, ** Pa' Pandir h6n-
dakkan le*kas jadi Pa' Pandir dapatlah bagitu." Ilabis itu Pa'
Pandir pun balik ka-rumahnya sSrta Ma' Andih dudoklah ia
b&rdua. Maka antaralah 18beh kurang sapuloh hari maka ini
Pa' Pandir pun sakit sangat lalu mati. Maka mSnanglislah Ma'
Andih dtingan b£rbagai-bagai tangisnya dan Ma' Andih pun
pSrgi m£nchari haji dan l&bai hetidak in$nanamkan Pa' Pandir ini.
KSmudian datanglah haji dan lfcbai mSmandikan dan s8m-
bahyangkan Pa' Pandir lalu di-tanamkan di-k6pala IfisongkSrana
pgsan Pa' Pandir bagitu, jadi ini Ma' Andih ikut sabagimana
pgsannya. LUbis ini Ma' Andih bSrkhandurilah ia sampai tiga
hari dan tujoh hari dan saratus hari. Maka adalah satu hari
maka Ma' Andih pSrgilah ia mfcnSngok kubor Pa' Pandir, k$mu-
dian sSrta sampai pada kubor itu di-lihat Ma' Andih didalam
kubor Pa' Pandir tSrlalu banyak turn boh chSndawan busut
barangkali zakar Pa' Pandir itulah mSnjadi chendawan itu,
Didalam itu pun wallah waalam
t Pa' Pandir's baby talk for Kenyek renyek aim. B akarlah pi-
sang bawa da tang sini.
$ Pa' Pandir's baby talk for, Pisang ini hangus, raasak tidak,
apa kena bagitu.
B. A.,Soc, No. 18, 1907,
The Pelandok and the Rotan
Cutters.*
Once on a time they say two rotan cutters were forwan-
dered in a wood and had to spend the night there. Now one
of them was a coward. Indeed he was simply wild with
fright. The result was that his friend, the brave man, was
greatly distressed to see his companion's state of mind. If
he put him on the right he was frightened, and if he put bim
on the left he was frightened too. So he put his friend's head
between his own legs, and his own head between his friends
legs, while he embraced his friend round the waist, telling his
friend at the same time to grasp him in the same manner. The
consequence was that the brave man's face was at the coward's
back and the coward's face was at the brave man's back, while
each embraced the other.
It happened just at that time His Majesty Stripes, i.e.,
the tiger, was prowling round the jungle looking for his food,
when he noticed these two forwandered friends, who seemed
just like some strange new animal with two heads and four
hands. He was much astonished and wished to go close, but
was just a little frightened. So he went on. He had just got
out of sight when he ran into a mouse deer and said to him,
" Wahay, Wise Man of the Woods, what is the name of that
animal there with two heads and four hands and four feet that
thy servant has just met ? " The mouse deer, who at once
knew that it must be men who were behaving like that, re-
plied promptly, " Oh, Your Majesty Stripes, do you not know
that this is what men call Sang Kinot, who is said to have
devoured of old time all your grand -fathers, great-grand-fathers,
great-great-grand-fathers and great-great-great-grand-fathers ?"
Such is the story of how the mouse deer by his cleverness
saved the two lost men from being eaten alive by the tiger.
* A short tale by Penghuln Haji Moharaed Naiir, bin Kanda Mat
Sen, of Hntan Melintang. Lower Perak. He is a Perak Malay. He
cannot recollect tbe source from which he learnt it.
Joor. Straits Branch B. A. Soc, No. 48, 1907.
86 THE PELANDOK AND THE ROTAN CUTTERS.
Sa-orang yang penakot dengan sa-orang
yang beran.
Sakali pgrSstua adalah kapada suatu raasa konon sipSrotan
dua bfirtSnian, s&sat* didalam satu hutan, kamalaraan ia pada
suatu tern pat dihutan itu bSrdua btirt&man. Dan yang sa'orang
itu pBnakot. Maka sip&nakot itu tiada boleh ia tidor, mabok
dSngan k&loh kSsah. Jadi susah hatilah tSmannya yan£ bSrani
itu m&lihatkan hal t&mannya penakot itu. Ditarolmya disablah
kanannya pun takot, ditaroh disablah kirinyapun takot jua.
Dimasokkannya kSpala tSraannya yang pSnakot itu kachelah
kangkangnya, dan kSpala ia s&ndiri, yaani kSpala sibSrani,
dimasokkannya dichfclah kangkang t&mannya yang p&nakot itu,
sSrta dip&loknya pinggang tSmannya yang penakot itu, dan
t&mannya yang pSnakot itu disurohnya ra$m$lok pinggang ia-
Jadilah muka sib&rani kabSlakang sipgnakot, dan inuka sipSnat
kot kab$lakang si b6 rani, WrpSloklah sibfraoi dSngan sip&nako.
itu dua b£rt8man.
Hata pada masa itu maharaja b$lang, yaani harimau, itu
pun lagi tfingah raSngidari hutan, akan mSncbari makannya.
T&rlihat ia akan sSsat dua orang itu, 8&p£rti sa'ekor binatang,
dua kftpala ampat tangan. Jadi heiranlah hatinya, hSndak pun
dihampirinya tSrasa s£dikit takut. Lalu ia Wrjalan, lama-kala-
ma'an, sajurus sajSnang panjang, bSrjumpa ia dSngan sa'ekor
pSlandok katanya, " Wahai Salara di Rimba, apakah nama bina-
tang disitu hamba bgrjumpa dua k$pala ampat tangan, dan
ampat kaki ? " Maka dijawab pglandok d&ngan pantas, sSrta
paham ia yang d&mikian itu kalakuan manusia, dSngan katanya,
" Hei, maharaja b&lang, tiadalah angkau katahui itulah yang
dikata orang bSrnama Sang Kinot, yang m&makan segala datoh
nenek moyang moyit angkau konon dahulu ?" D&mikianlah
chfttSranya kapandian pSlandok mSnolong mSlSpaskan s8bab
sSsat dua bfirtfcman dfcripada dimakan harimau.
J ear. Strait* Braata
How the Bear Lost his Tail.*
Once on a time on a certain day a mousedeer was in a
hole, busy eating terong rimbang. He noticed a tiger approach-
ing the ant heap where he was eating the terong. He thought
that the tiger wanted to catch him. His joints and bones all
trembled owing to his very great fear and his head was in a
whirl. While in this state he began to chew one of the terong
making as much noise with his mouth as he could. " Kerab
kerab kertub kertub " went his jaws. " Ambohi," he said,
" how delicious is this pickled tiger's eye." Then he eat another
terong in the same way and said the same thing. And so on
four or five times. When his majesty stripes heard that he
began to shudder and crept away very softly.
A short while after the tiger met with a bear and said to
him, " Ho, Sang Beruang, hath my lord heard what manner of
animal it is that lives in that ant heap there, and is so busy
eating tiger's eyes ? " The bear replied, " Thy servant knoweth
not." The tiger then said, " Come along and see." But the
bear replied, " I dare not." The tiger said, " Never mind, come
and let us swear fealty to each other, and let us tie our tails
together. Then if anything happens we will both suffer." So
they tied their tails together, and approached the mousedeer's
ant heap very gingerly as if they were going against some very
great enemy.
When Salam di Bimba saw these animals he knew that
they were badly frightened, so he shouted out, " Look at this
accursed tiger, his father owed us a white bear and he is now
going to pay his debt to us with a black one. Black or not,
bring it along quickly." When the bear heard this he was
very greatly startled " Hei," he said, " is this the trick that
Sang Harimau is trying to play on me ? He wants me to pay
his father's debt, does he." So the bear tugged violently.
* A short tale by Penghulu Haji Mohamed Nasir, bin Kanda Mat
Sen, of Hat an Melintang. Lower Perak. He is a Perak Malay. He
cannot recollect the source from which he learnt it.
B, A. Set* No. 48, 1907.
88 HOW THE BEAR LOST HIS TAIL.
And the tiger too was startled when the bear began to wrench
like that. So he began to jump and the bear commenced to
heave. Finally the bear's tail broke off short and both ran
away. And that, they say, is why the bear's tail is always
short. Such is the story of how the mouse deer's cleverness
saved him from being eaten by the tiger.
Sa'ekor Pel and ok Dengan Sa'ekor Harimau
dan Beruang.
Sakali pSrsStua kapada suatu hari adalah sa'ekor pSlandok
dudok didalam suatu lobaog busut tfingah makan buah t&rong
rimbang, t8rd$ngar akan sa'ekor barimau b&rjalan mSnghampir
busut tdmpat ia dudok makan buah terong itu. Pada sangkanya
hSndak m&nangkap ia. GSmSntarlah sSndi tulaognya d&ngan
katakutan yang amat sangat, sSrba salah pada fikirnya. Didalam
hal itu dimamahnya sabiji buah throng itu m^mbesarkan bunyi
mulutnya b8rk&rab-k8rab, k8rtub-k$rtub, sSrta katanya,
u Amboi, sSdapnya pSkasam biji mata harimau ini." KSmudian
dimakan pula sabiji lagi bSrkata juga ia s8p&rti itu,sampai ampat
lima kali. PidSngar oleh maharaja belang, yaani harimau kata-
kata itu, timbullah n$g£ri s^dikit hatinya, berundorlah ia p&rla-
han-lahan.
Uata tiada b&rapa lama ia bSrjalan itu, bSrjumpa ia dengan
sa'ekor beruang^ lalu harimau itu bSrkata, u Ilei, Sang B&ruang.
Adakah tuan hamba m&nd&ngar apa binatang didalam lobang
busut disitu tSngah 1116 makan biji mata harimau?" Dijawab
oleh b£ruang, " Tiada hamba katahui." Rata harimau, " Chuba
mari kita lihat?" Jawab oleh beruang, " Ilamba tiada bSrani."
Kata harimau, u Tiada mfcngapa, mari kita berjanji tSgoh sfctia
dan b£r tarn bat ekor. Jikalau susah apa-apa pun bSrsama-samalah
kita kadua." Lalu bSrtambat ekorlah kaduanya serta
mgnghampiri busut tSmpat pSlandok itu, dSngan bSringatan
bersikap diri sa'oleh-oleh, s8p£rti mdngadap sStru yang bSsar,
Maka dilihat oleh Salam di Rimba, yaani pSlandok, kalakuan itu,
dikatahuinyalah, hal binatang kadua itu didalam katakutan.
Lalu ia b£rtampek katanya, " Ini-lah machamnya, choba juga
Jour. Strait! Branch
HOW THE BEAR LOST HIS TAIL. 89
lihat harimau haram ini ! Bapanya dahulu b$rhutang bSruang
futeh pada kita, ia pula h&ndak bayar pada kita b&ruang itam.
tam-itamlah bawa mari l$kas chSpat-chSpat"
Dami didSngar b&ruang kata itu, ia pun terp&ranjat yang
amat sangat. " Hei, M katanya, (i bagitu akal Sang Harimau,
menipu aku rupanya ia h&ndak mSmbayar akan aku hutang
bapanya." Maka mfironta-rontalah ia. Dan harimau itu
tSrkSjut, dirintak oleh b&rnang itu, lalu harimau itu harimau itu
mSlompat, dan b&ruang mSrintak, lalu putus ekor bSruang itu,
lari kadua, d&ngan s8bab itu, inilah konon bSruang tiada bSrekor
panjang. D&mikiaulah ch$t8ranya kapandian pSIandok b&rldpas
dirinya dgripada dimakan harimau.
B. A. Soc M No. 48, 1007.
The Rich Man, the Poor Man and
the Way the Pelandok Squared
the Score.*
The story is told that once on a time there was an extre-
mely wealthy merchant who lived in his house in the country
at his ease eating and drinking every day. Now quite close to
his garden there was the house of two people, husband and
wife. One day the wife of the poor man was chattering with
a friend of the merchant, when she said,
" Whenever anything is cooked in the merchant's house,
whether it is fried or baked or stewed or broiled, then and
then only do I eat. For whenever I smell anything being
fried or baked or stewed or broiled in the merchant's house I
eat with a good appetite. That is how I happen to be so
plump, through eating thus. Whenever I want to eat I always
make it a practice to wait till there is a smell of cooking in the
merchant's house. Then I eat." The merchant's friend told
him all that the poor woman had said. As soon as the rich
man and his wife heard this, the rich man exclaimed.
41 Of course that is why we never get stout. It seems
that all the flavour of our frying and baking and stewing and
broiling is quite devoured by these two poor people." The
rich man was very angry indeed with the poor man and cursed
and abused him up hill and down dale finally demanding that
the poor man and his wife should pay the price of anything
that had ever been cooked in his house. He went off and com-
plained to the raja of the country and sued for all his expenses
in frying and baking and stewing and broiling on the ground
that the flavour thereof had been devoured by the poor man
and his wife. The raja summoned the poor man and his wife
before him. When he made enquiries the poor man replied,
* This tale told by Penghulu Haji Mohamed Nasir bin Kanda
Mat Sen of Hutan Melintang, who first learnt it from one Pa wan g
Talip bin Mohamed of Menangkabau.
Jour, Straits Branch R. A. Soc., No, 48, 1907.
92 THE RICH MAN AND THE POOR MAN.
" Of a truth Your Highness, thy slave sups whenever there
is a smell of cooking in the merchant's house."
The king came to the conclusion that he was unable to
give a decision and so he ordered the gong to be beaten
throughout the whole country and a proclamation to be
made.
" Ho, whoever gentle or lord, can decide the plaint that
the merchant prefers against this poor man will be made the
vizier of the land."
But no man replied to the proclamation. At last the
pelandok said to the herald. " Oh herald, what is troubling
the king of the country ? Where are his enemies breaking in ?
Which of his soldiers has committed murder ? Where is the
wall of the royal fort that is in need of repair? "
" None of these. But a certain merchant has made com-
plaint to the king, and the king has caused proclamation to be
made that whoever will decide the plaint of the rich man
against these two poor people, husband and wife, will be made
the grand vizier of the land/'
" Pray thee, inform the king that I will settle the case."
" Very well, Salam di Rimba, come along with me to the
king."
When they reached the royal hall the king said to the
herald. M Have you found any one who can settle the question
of right and wrong between the merchant and the poor man ? "
The herald made obeisance and replied, " May I be
pardoned a thousandfold, Salam di Rimba hath declared that
he can give judgment in the case between the rich man and
the poor man, my lord."
The king said, " Is it true that Salam di Rimba hath said
that he can give judgment in the merchant's case ? "
Jour. Strait* Branch
THE RICH MAN AND THE POOR MAN. 93
The pelandok made obeisance and replied, " With the help
of your highness' aid, your servant will give judgment between
the merchant and the poor man."
M If you are not able to, I will kill you forthwith."
" If I am slain thy servant will die and my lord will be
one slave the poorer."
11 Give judgment quickly."
The pelandok then went up on to the judgment seat and
the merchant and the poor man were called and placed before
him. The pelandok enquired of the rich man. ' How much
of your money has been devoured by the poor man ? " The
merchant replied, " Full a thousand dollars hath thy servant
lost." The pelandok then asked the poor man " Is it true
that you eat whenever there is any smell of frying or baking
or stewing or boiling in the merchant's house ? '' The poor
man replied, " Of a truth thy servant eats whenever there is
cooking in the merchant's house, for the smell of the cooking
reached thy servant's nostrils.'' The pelandok then enquired,
" Have you ever gone into the merchant's house ? " " Never."
" Have you ever gone into his garden ? " " Never." The
pelandok then enquired of the merchant, "It is true, sir,
that the poor man has never been inside your garden ? "
The merchant replied, " It is true." The pelandok then went
to the king and borrowed a thousand dollars. He gave orders
that the state curtain should be placed in the middle of the hall
and arranged between the merchant and the poor man. He
then called out in his shrill voice and ordered the poor man to
count out the thousand dollars on one side of the curtain and
the merchant to listen very carefully on the other. So the
poor man told the dollars thus, " One, two, three, four, five,
six, seven, eight, nine, ten " When he completed
the tale of the thousand, the pelandok said, " Take, sir, here-
with a full and complete settlement of your account." The
merchant said, " Very well, bring the dollars to me." The
pelandok said, "Why sir, do you want the very dollars?
You have received your account and it is all settled. The
B. A. Soc., No. 48, 1907.
/
94 THE RICH MAN AND THE POOR MAN.
poor man took them away by smelling and you have received
them back by hearing/'
Such is the tale of the pelandok's skill.
Sa'orang saudagar dengan sa'orang miskin.
Sakali pgrSstua adalah kapada satu masa konon ada sa'orang
saudagar tSrlalu amat kaya dudok didalam satu kampong
dengan b£rsuka-suka'an makan minum pada tiap-tiap hari, ada
dSkat dengan kampongnya itu sabuah rumah miskin dudok dua
laki bini. Maka pada satu hari p£r£mpuan si miskin itu b$r-
chakap-chakap dengan sa'orang deripada tSman saudagar itu,
katanya, »' Aku makan ini mamtkala tuan saudagar itu, bfcrmasak
rSndang tumis mSnggulai patai baharu aku ra 8 makan, dapat
m&nchium bahu sSgala rSndang tumis gulai patai tuan saudagar
itu, kuatlah aku m§ makan, jadi sSbab itu g$mok sudah aku
mSmakan ini. Bagitulah adat aku makan, pada tiap-tiap kali
hendak makan, nanti bSrbahu rSndang tumis tuan saudagar
baharu makan." Maka p&rkata'an si miskin itu dikhabarkun
oleh t8man saudagar itu pada tuannya saudagar sSperti kata
p£r£mpuan si miskin itu. DSmi sabaja terdSngar pada saudagar
laki istri, pSrkhabaran itu bSrkatalah datoh saudagar itu,
" Patutlah salama-lama ini aku dua laki istri tiada g&mok.
Rupanya sSgala bahu-bahuan rSndang tumis aku habis dimakan
si miskin dua laki bini itu." Maka datoh saudagar pun marah
akan si miskin kata nustanya dSngan kinchah hamon sSranahnya
serta mSminta harga r&udang tumis gulai patai ia yang sudah-
sudah itu pada si miskin dua laki bini itu. Lalu saudagar itu
mSngadu pada raja didalam n£g8ri itu, minta harga bSlanja
r$ndang tumis gulai patai yang sudah itu, sSbab bahu dimakan
si miskin dua laki bini itu.
Maka dipanggil rajalah si miskin dua laki bini itu.
Dip8r£ksa, dijawab oleh si miskin, " BStul tuanku patek aiap*
* Wilkinson p. 63 gives Aiap an, victuals prepared for a Raja. In
Perak santap is used to describe the royal food, and aiap is the word
used by a subject when speaking to a raja of his (the subject's) food,
as here.
Jour. Straits Branch
THE RICH MAN AND THE POOR MAN. 95
waktu t&ngah berbahu rSndang turais datoh saudagar ini
tuanku." Maka b$rfikir raja itu tiada lalu ia h8ndka mShukura-
kan, lalu raja itu nifcnyuroh niSmukol chanang didalam n£g£ri
itu b&rtanya. " Hoi, siapa-siapa, inche, tuan-tuan, yang chakap
mShukumkan aduan saudagar diatas si miskin ini, dijadikan
m$nt$ri didalam n$g£ri ini." Maka sa'oran^ tiada siapa m$n-
jawab chanang itu. Didalam itu bgrtanya p&andok pada tukang
chanang itu, katanya, " Hei tukang chanang, apa susah raja
diflalam nfcgSri ini, diraana musoh mglanggar yang dabS r talon -
talon, dan dimana hulubalang yang salah bunoh, dan dimana
pagar kota raja yang pSchah ? " Dijawab tukang chanang.
" Satu apa pun tiada, tStapi ad a sa'orang saudagar didalam
nSgSri ini, mSngadu pada raja minta disS'iseikan p&ngaduannya,
inilah raja pukol chanang chari siapa yang chakap m8ny£lisei-
kan aduan saudagar |di a tas si miskin dua laki bini, di jadikan raja
m£nt£ri didalam nSgeri ini. 1 ' Maka kata pSlandok, " Maalum-
kan sSmbah aku pada raja. Akulah yang chakap m$ny81iseikan
pgngaduan saudagar itu." Jawab tukang chanang, " Baikiah
Salam di Rimba, mari b8rsama-sama mSngadap." Kata
pglandok, Baikiah ? " Maka sampai kabalai rong, titah raja
pada tukang chanang, " Adakah kamu dapat orang yang chakap
mShukumkan salah b&nar antara saudagar dSngan si miskin ini ? "
S&mbah tukang chanang, " liarap diampun, inilah Salam di
Rimba yang mSngaku pada patek, ia boleh m&hukumkan
pgngaduan saudagar diatas si miskin itu tuanku ? '* Maka titah
raja, " BSnarkah, Salam di Rimba, berchakap lalu mShukumkan
aduan saudagar ini?" Maka s&tnbah p&landok, "DSngan
tinggi daulat, patek I ah mghukumkan diantars saudagar dSngan
si miskin itu tuanku." Til ah raja, " Jika Salam di Rimba,
tiada lalu mSbukumkan sSkarang aku bunoh." SSmbah
p£landok, " Jika dibunoh patek mati, tuanku juga kakurangan
hamba ? " Titah raja, " Baik, hukumkan sSgSra."
Maka pSIandok itu pun naik kaatas pgtarakna. Saudagar
dan si miskin pun dipanggil oranglah didudokkan dihadap
p£t$rakna itu. Maka dip£r$ksa p£landok, saudagar itu, " B8r-
apa banyak sudah belanja datoh saudagar yang sudah habis
bahunya dimakan si miskin ini ? " Jawab saudagar, " Ada saribu
ringgit belanja hamba sudah habis ? " Maka dip£r£ksa pula si
B. A. Soc., No 18, 1907.
96 THE RICH MAN AND THE POOR MAN.
miskin itu, " BStulkah kamu makan waktu t$ngah b£rbahu
masak r&ndang tumis gulai patai datoh saudagar ini ? " . Jawab
si miskin, " BStul ada bamba makan tiap-tiap saudagar itu
b£rmasak*masak, jadi bahu masak itu sampai pada hidong
hamba." Dip$r8ksa pSlandok si miskin itu, " Adakah kamu
masok didalam rumah saudagar itu ? " Jawab si miskin,
" Tiada." " Dan masok didalam kampong saudagar itu ada
kah?" Jawab si thiskin, " Tiada." Maka diptirgksa pdlandok
pada saudagar, u Betulkah datoh saudagar si miskin ini tiafjla
pgrnah masok kampong tuan hamba? Jawab saudagar,
" B8tul." Maka pSlandok pun mSngadap raja, m£mohunkan
saribu ringgit dan ni$nyuroh orang mglabohkan tirai tiwangga
dit£ngah balai rong itu diantara saudagar dSngan si miskin
itu. Maka ringgit saribu itu disuroh pglandok bilang pada si
miskin, d$ngan mSnyaring suaranya d$ri balik tirai itu. Dan
saugagar itu pun disurohnya m8nd£ngar baik-baik d8ri balik
tirai itu. Si miskin bSrbilang itu dSmikian bunyinya, " Satu
dua tiga ampat lima anam tujoh lapan sSmbilan sapuloh."
Apabila sampai saribu bilangan ringgit itu kata pSlandok,
"Tgrima datoh saudagar dSngan jSlasnya." Maka di-jawab
saudagar, " Baiklah bawa mari ringgit itu, hamba t&rima."
Kata p£landok, " Apa fasal pula datoh saudagar ini mahu itu
ringgit ? Sudah terima, sudahlah. Si miskin mfcngambil pada
datoh saudagar dahulu dSngan bahu sahaja. Dan datoh sauda-
gar ru$n$rima harganya ini dSngan bunyu" Inilah ch$t£ranya,
kapandian pSlandok itu adanya.
our. Straits Branch
List of Graveyards of the Late Sultans
of the State of Perak,
Der-Ul-Rithuan, enquired into and visited by me,
Stia Bijaya Di Raja,
under instructions received from the
Government.
The names of the late Sultans and the situation of their
respective graveyards are as follows :
1. Paduka Sri Sultan Mothaffar Shah, the first Ruler of
the State of Perak was the son of the late Sultan Mahmud
Shah, of the State of Kampar, (Sumatra)- His former name
was Raja Mothaffar Shah, and the length of time he was on the
throne is unknown. The situation of his graveyard is at Tanah
Abang, Ayer Mati, in the mukim of Lambor Kanan, Kuala
Kangsar District.
His graveyard is on a mound or platform and surrounded
by a wall. His daughter's grave is on the right of the platform
and that of his wife on the left ; his " Guru " (religious teacher)
named Syed Hussein, is also on his left. Four graves are on
the platform. His tombstones are beautifully and clearly
engraved by Acheen people of former days. They are broken
and cracked. If his graveyard monument is to be renewed the
' ganti badan " stone (i.e. a stone placed over the grave, extend-
ing from the head to the feet, to represent the body) should
be made and his name be inscribed on this stone. His tomb-
stones could be utilised again but the breaks and cracks should
be mended with cement.
2. Paduka Sri Sultan Mansur Shah, son of the late Sul-
tan Mothaffar Shah. His former name was Raja Mansur, and
the length of time he was on the throne is unknown. The
situation of this Sultan's grave is at Kota Lama Kanan, Kuala
Kangsar District.
R. A. 8oc., No. 48, 1007.
93 GRAVEYARDS OF THE SULTANS OF PERAK.
The graveyard of this Sultan I asked the elders of Kota
Lama Kanan to point out to me ; they all informed me that,
according to stories handed down by their forefathers, this
grave is in the Kota Lama Kanan Mosque, under the pulpit.
I could not find it at any other place. I brought this matter
to the notice of His Highness Sultan Idris, and he told me
that it was true that the grave of this Sultan is in the Mosque,
as former Sultans, when visiting this grave, used to go to the
Mosque. I think that a large tombstone with the name of
this Sultan should be made and placed in the Mosque next to
the pulpit.
3. Paduka Sri Sultan Ahmad Tajuddin Shah, son of the
late Sultan Mansur Shah. The latter was afterwards called
" Almerhum Kota Lama Kanan." His former name was Kaja
Ahmad, and the length of time he was on the throne is un-
known. This Sultan died at Jolong, and was called " Almerhum
Muda," and his grave is at Geronggong, in the mukim of Pulau
Tiga, Lower Perak District.
The grave of this Sultan is in the land owned by a
Javanese named Haji Muhammad Saleh. His tombstones
were beautifully engraved by Acheen people. One of the two
tombstones is broken and cannot be mended and therefore both
stones should be renewed.
4. Paduka Sri Sultan Tajul Ariffin, son of the late Sultan
Mansur Shah (Almerhum Kota Lama Kanan). His former
name was Raja Ariffin, and the length of his reign is unknown.
The grave of this Sultan is on the island of Semat, in the mu-
kim of Senggang, Kuala Kangsar District.
This grave is in the land owned by one Anjang Ibrahim.
Only one tombstone remains over the grave. I do not think
this stone could be further used and therefore both stones
should be renewed.
5. Paduka Sri Sultan Alla-Uddin Shah, son of the late
Raja Kechil, and grandson of the late Sultan Ahmad Tajuddin
(Almerhum Muda, died at Jolong, see para. 3). His former
name was Raja Ali, and the length of his reign is unknown.
Jour. Straits Eranch
GKAVE YARDS OF THE SULTANS OF PERAK. 99
The grave of this Sultan is next to the grave of Almerhum
Bongsu, at the down stream extremity of the island of Bota,
Kuala Kangsar District.
This grave is in the dusun land belonging to His Highness
Sultan Idris, and neither of the tombstones remain over the
grave.
6. Paduka Sri Sultan Mukadam Shah, grandson of the
late Sultan Mansur Shah (see para. 2), who was called " Almer-
hum Kota Sama Kanan." His former name was Tungku Tuha,
and the length of his reign is unknown. The grave of this
Sultan is in the State of Acheen.
His Highness Sultan Idris informed me that this Sultan
died in Acheen, where his grave is.
7. Paduka Sri Sultan Mansur Shah II, son of the late
Raja Kechil, and grandson of the late Sultan Ahmad Tajuddin
Shah (see para. 3), who was called " Almerhum Muda." His
former name was Eaja Mansur, and the length of his reign is
unknown.
The grave of this Sultan is in the State of Johor. His
Highness Sultan Idris informed me that this Sultan sailed for
Jobor and met his death there.
8. Paduka Sri Sultan Mahmud Shah, grandson of the
late Sultan Mansur Shah (see para. 2), who was called "Almer-
hum Kota Lama Kanan." His former name was Raja Yusuf,
and the length of his reign is unknown.
The grave of this Sultan is at Pulau Tiga, in Lower Perak
District. This grave is in the land owned by one Khatib
Samat, on the down stream side of the house of the Datoh
Paduka Raja. Not one of the tombstones remains.
9. Paduka Sri Sultan Salehuddin, son of the late Sultan
Mahmud. The latter was styled " Almerhum Pulau Tiga."
His former name was Raja Kobat, and the length of his reign
is unknown.
It. A. Soc. No. 4ti, 19U7.
100 GRAVEYARDS OF THE SULTANS OF PERAK.
The grave of this Sultan id in the State of Kampar, in
Sumatra. His Highness Sultan Idris informed me that this
Sultan, when he was on the throne, sailed to Kampar and met
his death there.
10. Paduka Sri Sultan Mothaffar Shah II, who was
staled " Almerhum Jamal-AUah," son of the late Sultan Mah-
roud, of Kampar. His former name was Raja Sulong, and tht
length of his reign is unknown. The grave of this Sultan is at
Ayer Mati, in the mukim of Bota, Kuala Kangsar District.
This grave is in the land owned by Kulup Lateh, and is
on a platform. The tombstones have disappeared. It is stiuat-
ed about a mile inland from the Perak River.
] 1. Paduka Sri Sultan Muhammad Iskandar Shah, who
was styled " Almerhum Besar Ulia-AUah," son of the late
Sultan Mothaffar II, whose grave is at Ayer Mati Lama, in the
mukim of Bota. His former name was Raja Mahmud, and his
age was 120 years. He was on the throne for 111 years. His
grave is at Geronggong, in the mukim of Pulau Tiga, Lower
Perak District.
The .grave of this Sultan is in the land belonging to a
Javanese by the name of Haji Muhammad Saleh. The tomb-
stones are beautifully engraved, and are little broken, but can
be mended with cement. A " ganti badan " stone should be
made and inscribed with the name of this Sultan. The distance
of this grave from the Perak River is about 160 yards.
12. Paduka Sri Sultan Allauddin Rahiat Shah, son of
the late Almerhum Sulong, of Geronggong, and grandson of
the late Sultan Mansur Shah, of Pulau Tiga. His former
name was Raja Radin, and he was on the throne for 20 years.
The grave of this Sultan is at Geronggong, in the mukim of
Pulau Tiga, Lower Perak District.
The grave of this Sultan fell into the river some time
back owing to the river bank being washed away. His High-
ness Sultan Idris informed me that former Sultans when
visiting this grave used to go to a stump of a " Sena " tree in
Jour. .Straits Branch
GRAVEYARDS OF THE SULTANS OF PERAK. 101
the river, as the grave of this Sultan was at the foot of this
tree. The stump of this tree has now disappeared.
13. Paduka Sri Sultan Mothaffar Shah III, who was
styled " Aimer hum Hadji-Allah," son of the late Sultan
Mansur Shah, of Pulau Tiga. His former name was Raja Inu,
and the length of his reign in unknown. The grave of this
Sultan is in the " selat " in Bota Mukim, Kuala Kangsar
District. He died during the Muhammadan year 1176.
The grave of this Sultan is in the land owned by one
Lebai Kelantan. This grave is on a platform and both the
tombstones have disappeared. It is situated far away inland
from the Perak River.
14. Paduka Sri Sultan Muhammad Shah, who was
styled " Almerhum Amin- Allah," son of the late Sultan Mansur
ghah, of Pulau Tiga. His former name was Raja Besnu, and
the length of his reign is unknown. The grave of this Sultan
is at Pulau Tiga, in Lower Perak District.
The grave of this Sultan was in the land belonging to
Imam Kasim, on the up-stream side of the house of the
Datoh Paduka Raja. This grave, during the reign of the
late Sultan Yusuf, fell into the river owing to the bank being
washed away, and the kanipong of Imam Kasim has also
been washed away by the river, leaving the parit (boundary
ditch) only on the inland side.
15. Paduka Sri Sultan Iskandar Zul Karnain, who was
styled "Almerhum Kahar-Allah," son of the late Sultan
Muhammad Shah (Almerhum Amin-Allah of Pulau Tiga, see
para 14). His former name was Raja Iskandar, and he was
on the throne for 14 years. His grave is on the Pulau
Indra Sakti, in the mukim of Uandar, Lower Perak District.
The grave of this Sultan is in the kampong land of Haji
Muhammad Taib. The octagonal tombstones, which were
beautifully made, have been broken in three parts and the
" ganti badan " stone has been broken in two parts. These
R. A. Soo., No 48, 1907.
102 GRAVEYARDS OF THE SULTANS OF PERAK.
could be mended with cement, and the name of the deceased
should be inscribed on the " ganti badan " stone.
16. Paduka Sri Sultan Mahmud Shah, who was styled
9 •»
" Almerhum Muda," son of the late Sultan Muhammad Shah
(see para. 14). His former name was Raja Samsu, and he
was on the throne for eight years. His grave is on the Pulau
Besar, in the mukim of Pasir Panjang Ulu, Lower Perak
District.
This grave, on the Pulau Besar, is in the Government
Burial Reserve. The square tombstones, which were made
•beautifully, have been in many parts broken, but could be
mended with cement. There is no "ganti badan" stone over
the grave, and I think one should be made and inscribed
thereon with the name of this Sultan. This grave is far inland
from the Perak River, and on the middle of the island.
17. Paduka Sri Sultan Allnuddin Mansur Iskandar
Muda Shah, who was styled " Paduka Almerhum," son of the
late Sultan Muhammad Shah (see para. 14). His former name
was Raja Allauddin, and the length of his reign is unknown.
His grave is at Telok Memali, in the Mukim of Bandar, Lower
Perak.
This grave is in the land owned by one Alang Jaksa. It
was formerly under a tiled roof, but the structure has since
fallen down. His tombstones and " ganti badan " stone were
beautifully made, but have been cracked and broken, but
could be repaired with cement. On the " ganti badan " stone
the name of this Sultan should be inscribed. This grave is
about 40 yards away from the river bank and, if not removed
before long, will be washed away by the river.
18. Paduka Sri Sultan Ahmadin Shah, who was styled
" Almerhum Bongsu," son of the late Sultan Muhammad Shah
(see para. 14). His former name was Raja Chik, and the
length of his reign is unknown. This grave is on the same
platform as the grave of the late Sultan Allauddin (see para. 5).
This grave is at the down .stream extremity of Pulau
Bota, and is in the laud owned by His Highness Sultan Idris.
Jour* Straits Branch
GRAVEYARDS OF THE SULTANS OF PERAK. 103
It is on the same platform with the grave of the late 5th
Sultan. It is far awav inland from the river.
19. Paduka Sri Sultan Abdul Malek Mansur Shah, who
was styled " Ahnei'hum Jamal- Allah," son of the late Sultan
Ahinadin Shah (see para. 18). His former name was Raja
Abdul Malek, and he reigned for 20 years. The grave of this
Sultan is at Telok Memali, in the mukim of Bandar, Lower
Perak District.
This grave is in the land belonging to Haji Muhammad
Arop, and is on a platform. The tombstones have dis-
appeared.
20. Paduka Sri Sultan Abdullah Moazam Shah, who was
styled " Almerhum Khali-el-Allah," son of the late Sultan
Abdul Malek Mansur Shah (see para. 19). His former name
wis Raja Abdullah, and the period of his reign was 13 years.
The grave of this Sultan is at Telok Kepayang, next to the
grave of the late Sultan Jaffar, in the mukim of Pasir Panjang
Ulu, Lower Perak District.
This grave was formerly at Pasir Panjang, but when His
Highness Sultan Idris visited ail the Royal graves after his
installation be orderedjit to be removed to its present place, as
it was found then that it was nearly washed away by the river.
This grave is in the land owned by His Highness the Raja
Muda Musa. This grave and that of the late Sultan Jaffar is
only about three yards away. No tombstones are over the
grave. It is far away inland from the Perak river.
21. Paduka Sri Sultan Shahbudin Shah, who was styled
" Almerhum Safi-el-Allah," son of the late Saleh-el-Aman, and
grandson of the late Sultan Ahmadin Shah (see para. 18). His
former name was Raja Chulan, and he was on the throne for
nine years. The grave of this Sultan is at Tanjong Penanggok,
in the mukim of Bandar, Lower Perak District.
The grave of this Sultan is in the land belonging to
Hitam Muhammad Yusuf. It is on a platform and all the
tombstones have disappeared ; and is about 30 yards away
B. A. Soc., No 48, 1907.
104 GRAVEYARDS OF THE SULTANS OF PERAK.
fiom the river. It would be best to remove this grave to
Pulau Indra Sakti and re-bury the body next to that of the
late Sultan Iskandar Zulkarnain (see para. 15).
22. Paduka Sri Sultan Abdullah Mudammad Shah, who
was styled " Almerhum Etak&d-el-AUah," son of the late Raja
Kechil Besar Abdul Rahman, and grandson of the late Sultan
Ahmadin Shah (see para. 18). His former name was Raja
Abdullah, and he reigned for 21 years. His grave is at
Durien Sabatang, in Lower Perak District.
The grave of this Sultan is in the land owned by Haji
Ahmad bin Haji Muhammad Yasin. It is on a platform, next
to the grave of the late Toh Janggot, the then Laksamana.
All the tombstones have disappeared.
23. Paduka Sri Sultan Jaffar Moazam Shah, who was styled
" Almerhum Wali- Allah," son of the late Raja Kechil Tengah
Ahmad, and grandson of the late Sultan Abdul Malek Mansur
Shah (see para. 19). His formet name was Raja Ngah Jaffar,
and he reigned for nine years. His grave is at Telok Kapa-
yang, in the mukim of Pasir Panjang Ulu, Lower Perak
District.
The grave is in the dusun land of His Highness the Raja
Mud a Musa, and the tumbstone remain. The " ganti badan "
is of wood and is now rotten, and should be replaced with
a stone.
24. Paduka Sri Sultan Ali-el-Kamal Rahiat Shah, who
was styled "Almerhum Nabi-Allah," son of the late Sultan
Shahbudin Shah (see para. 20). His former name was Raja
Ngah AH, and he was on the throne for six years. His grave
is at Gedong Siam, in the niukim of Saiong, Kuala Kangsar
District.
This grave is in the Government Burial Reserve. The
tombstones are in good condition, but the wooden "ganti
badan " is rotten and should be replaced with a stone.
25. Paduka Sri Sultan Ismail Moabeddin Shah, who was
styled as "Almerhum Mangkat di-Sekudai," son of the late
Jour. MraiU Branch
GRAVEYARDS OF THE SULTANS OF PERAK. 105
Shiekh-el-Kheirat Sbah, and grandson of the late Raja Hussein,
and great grandson of Almerhum Pura, the Ruler of the State
of Siak, in Sumatra. His mother was the daughter of the late
Sultan Ahmadin Shah ("see para 18), and the period of his
reign was four years. His grave is at Sekudai, in Johor.
When Sultan AH (see para 24) was on the throne, Raja
Ismail held the post of the Raja Bendahara, and Raja Abdul-
lah was the Raja Muda. After the death of Sultan Ali, Raja
Ismail was installed by the upper Perak Chiefs as Sultan. The
Chiefs in Lower Perak then proclaimed ex-Sultan Abdullah as
Sultan. There were two Sultans in Perak when the British
Government intervened. Ex-Sultan Abdullah was then con-
firmed by the British Government as Ruler of the State of
Perak, and the late Sultan Ismail was styled ex-Sultan. Not
long afterwards the disturbances took place in Perak, and both
the Sultans were banished. The late ex-Sultan Ismail died in
Johor.
26. Paduka Sri Sultan Abdullah Muhammad Shah, son
of the late Sultan Jaffar Moazam Shah (see para 23). His
former name was Raja Abdullah.
His Highness the ex-Sultan Abdullah is now in Singapore,
where he has to stay as ordered by the British Government.
27. Paduka Sri Sultan Yusof Sharif-el-din Mofthal Shah,
who was styled as "Almerhum Rhafir-AUah," son of the late
Sultan Abdullah Muhammad Shah (see para 22J. His former
name was Raja Yusuf, he reigned only for 10 months. His
grave is at Kampong L em bah, in the Mukim of Saiong, Kuala
Kangsar District.
Raja Yusuf, when ex-Sultan Abdullah was proclaimed
Ruler, was installed as the Raja Muda. After the disturbances
were over and both the ex-Sultans Abdullah and Ismail left
this country, the English Government recognised him as the
Regent of Perak. When peace was established, during the
time when Sir Hugh Low, g.c.m.g., became Resident of Perak,
Raja Yusuf was installed as the Sultan of Perak, and Rnja
Idris, who held the post of Chief Justice in Perak, was made
B. A. Soc. t No. 48, 1007.
*8
106 GRAVEYARDS OF THE SULTANS OF FERAK.
the Raja Muda. Ten months after his installation, at 2 a.m.
on Thursday, the 2/th, July, 1887, Sultan Yusuf expired at bis
Astana at Saiong.
His grave is in the Government Burial Reserve. His
Highness Sultan Idris informed me that be wishes to remove
this grave to the burial ground at JBukit Chandan, as the pre-
sent situation is annually under flood, and there he wishes, at
his own expense, to erect a suitable monument over the grave.
Paduka Sri Sultan Sir Idris Mersid-el-Aazam Shah, o.c.M a
son of the late Bendahara Iskandar Shah, and grandson of the
late Raja Kechil Tengah Ahmad, and great grandson of the
late Sultan Abdul Malek Mansur Shah (see para 19).
His Highness first became the Sultan during the Muham-
madan year 1305 (1888). His Highness has twice visited
England, once before his installation and again when invited
to attend the King's Coronation in 1903.
The prayers of all his subjects are that Almighty God may
grant him long life, prosperity and good health to sit upon the
throne of the State of Perak Der-el-Rithuan.
(Signed; JERAGAN ABDUL SHUKOR,
Slid Bijaya Di Raja.
Christmas Island Flora— Additional
Notes.
By H. N. Ridley.
Tri$tiriopsi8 nativitatis, Hemsl.
Mr. Hemsley has since the publication of this report
given a figure of this plant from specimens collected by
me in the Icones Plantarum No. 2812, as IVistiropsis
Ridleyx order Sapindaceae tribe Melicocceae. He says
it almost certainly belongs to the same species as a
specimen collected by Lister in 1887, but the leaves
and leaflets of that were twice the size, and Lister notes
the tree is 100 feet high and 13 feet through. I never
saw one nearly as large as this, in the island. Flowers
are much wanted of this
Dendrobium pectinatum t Ridl.
I find that this name is already occupied by another
species, so the name must be changed to D. nativitatis.
Dr. Christ has examined some of the ferns T sent him
which were somewhat doubtful and gives the following
identifications.
Asplerium paradoxum, Bl.
One specimen I got in Christmas Island proves
to belong to this species. It is very doubtful how-
ever how far this can be kept distinct from A.
macrophyllum.
rieocnemia gigantea^ Hook.
Common in the Plateau, Phosphate Hill and Flying
Fish cave. An addition to the Flora.
Jour. Straits Branch R. A. ?oc., No. 48, 1907.
108 CHRISTMAS ISLAND FLORA.
Gynmopteris variabilis (Leptochilus variabilis).
He gives this latter name to the plant mentioned by
me as G. Listeri Bak.
G. heteroclita, (Leptochilus peteroclita).
A plant collected by me on the plateau (No. 177) of
which I have also living plants at the Botanic Gardens.
STRAITS BRANCH
ROYAL ASIATIC SOCIETY
[No. 49]
JOURNAL
December, 1907
Agents f>r mi
i i i. . ■ ■
[No. 49]
JOURNAL
of the
Straits Branch
of tbe
Royal Asiatic Society
DECEMBER, 1907
SINGAPORE:
Printed at The Methodist Publishing House
1908.
Table of Contents
■:o:-
Pag«.
The Pagan Races of the Malay Peninsula, by H. N. Ridley 1
On Tally Sticks and Strings in Borneo, by Dr. Hose and
*/. IZBtVttt ... ... ... ••• l
New or Rare Malayan Plants, Series III, by H. A T . Ridley 11
A Journey into the Interior of Borneo to Visit the Kala-
bit Tribes, by R. S. Douglas... ... ... 53
Notes on the Capture of a Rare Leathery Turtle in Johore
Waters, by C. Boden Kloss ... ... 63
Malayan Pigs, by C. Boden Kloss ... ... ... 67
Mantra Gajah, by W. George Maxwell ... ... 71
Malay Chess, by J. B. Elcum ... ... ... 87
Note on the Malay Game " Jongkak," by M. Hellier ... 93
Concerning Some Old Sanskrit, by Professor II. Kern ... 95
Miscellaneous Notes, by George W. Maxwell ... ... 103
Notes and Queries, by W. G. M. ... ... ... 108
Bark Canoes among the Jakuns and Dyaks, by Dr.
W. L. Abbott ... ... ... ... 109
Tin and Lead Coins from Brunei, by Dr. R. Hanitsch ... Ill
*■
The Pagan Races of the Malay
Peninsula.
By W. W Skeat and 0. Blagden.
(A Rbvibw). By H. N. Ridley.
As the work of civilization progresses and the forests fall
before the axe of the planter, the more primitive tribes of
jungle folk disappear, to be replaced by the imported and more
civilized labourer from other countries ; and should these
old world folk themselves not actually disappear, they amal-
gamate with the later arrivals, and adopting their ideas and
customs, they become so changed that all that is interesting
about them is lost. Many tribes of the human race have thus
passed away, leaving few or no relics of their ever having exist-
ed. One such race, indeed the makers and users of the stone
implements known here as Batu Lintar, has vanished from
the peninsula ; but we have still with us that simple people
commonly known as S'akais, whose manners, customs, tradi-
tions and language, have been long the study of Messrs. Skeat
and Blagden. who together have published a most excellent
record of the vanishing tribes of the jungle folk of the Malay
Peninsula. The work in two volumes excellently illustrated
by photographs and woodcuts is perhaps one of the most
important of ethnological works that has appeared for some
time. No trouble has boen spared by the authors, both well
known officials here some years ago, to collect all possible
evidence on all ethnological and anthropological questions con-
cerning these races, and the extensive list of Jhe Bibliography
of the subject shows how thorough their work has been.
The Bibliography dates from 1800, or thereabouts, and is
divided up into three periods. The first two from 1800 to 1850,
and thence to 1890, though giving a good many amateur's notes
and some amount of research work, supplied little more than
enough knowledge to stimulate research into these interesting
Jour. Htraiti Branch R. A. Soc., No. 49, 1907.
*1
2 THE PAGAN RACES OF THE MALAY PENINSULA.
races. The only representations of any of the tribes in those days
were the rough sketches of profiles by Miklucho Maclay which
were to be found in all ethnological books. Indeed till about
1890 photographs of these races were quite unprocurable in
Singapore. From 1890 onwards the wild men were the subject
of study by a large number of ethnologists and antropologists.
Several scientific men came from Germany, and many local
residents investigated the ethnology and collected specimens of
their handiwork, made researches into their language, and took
photographs of the people themselves, besides securing skulls
and skeletons. The results of this work in which Mr. Skeat
took a very large share himself, are well represented in these
two volumes. One of those who devoted a great deal of time to
the wild tribes was Mr. Vaughan Stevens, a very well
known character here for some years, who was employed by
the Berlin and St. Petersburg Missions to collect ethno-
graphical specimens of the Sakais, and who wandered about all
over the peninsula in search of them. He published volumin-
ous accounts of his researches, on some of which considerable
doubt has been thrown. The authors have made use of his
work while drawing attention to inaccuracies and improbabilities
in his observations and theories. The most important of the
anthropologists who visited the peninsula was Herr Rudolf
Martin whose monumental work "Die Inland stamme der Malay-
ischin Halbinsel " was the first sound and reliable work on the
subject.
The book commences with an introductory account of the
environment of the wild man, and his character and relations
to it.
The racial characters and names of the tribes and the
problems of their origin are next dealt with. The three types
of the tribes are the Semanys, negritos with woolly hairs
and brachycephalic heads, the Sakais, dolichocephalic with
wavy hair, and the southern Jakuna. brachycephalic and smooth
haired. The relationship of the Semangs with the Andamanese
and the Philippine negritos is certainly close. The Sakais are
perhaps related to the Yeddahs, Australians and Tamils. They
vary much in skin-colour and height, and their origin must
Jour. Straits Branch
THE PAGAN RACES OF THE MALAY PENINSULA. 3
remain at present doubtful. The Jakuns hare been stated to
be aboriginal Malays who refused to accept Mohammedanism
and therefore fled to the interior to avoid persecution. The
author points out however that they are rather a composite
group of heathen Malays mixed with Semang and Sakai, and
this is probably the case.
The methods of hunting, trapping and fishing, the wea-
pons, cultivation, food, arts and crafts, social order, dealings
with other races fill the first volume, which terminates with an
appendix containing much important matter in measurements,
color of hair, eyes, and skin and a large collection of Sakai
songs chiefly collected by Mr. Skeat. Many of these are hunt-
ing songs describing the chase and capture of about all the
jungle animals. Most songs end with a request to give each of
the community a portion of the prey. This is a true charac-
teristic touch of the socialism of the Sakai community. I re-
member once being out with some of the wild tribe of the
Kuala Lumpur district near the well known caves. In the
party were two men and one delightful little boy of about nine
years of age clad as most of the men were in the simple cos-
tume of a strip of trap bark about as broad as a bootlace, and
an armlet of fungus. While at tea we offered the child some
bread and jam which he took eagerly and ran off at once to
divide it with his father. When given a cigar he would not
take it till he had another one for his father, showing the in-
nate socialistic tendency of the race.
But to return to the songs after this digression. One is
struck at first sight by the graphic descriptions of the habits of
the animals, their appearance and cries. Some of the songs
and charms too have an element of poetic feeling running
through them.
In many cases the language of the Besisi from whom the
author has derived most of the songs and charms is a mixture
of Malay and Sakai words, the meaning of some of the latter
being obscure. Mr. Skeat has translated them as literally and
carefully as may be, though perhaps it might have been better
not to have called the Kijang, the Roedeer, or if no other
translation was to be found, to have explained what the ani-
B. A. Soc, No. 49, 1907.
4 THE PAGAN RACES OF THE MALAY PENINSULA.
mal really was, but its common name of Muntjac is fairly well
known. Here and there in the songs and charms we see words
and names of places of quite modern origin, such as Tanjong
Pagar, Singapore, Telasih, (the Hindu Tulsi) for the Basil plant
known to Malay as Selasih, and this has been commented on
by one reviewer as somewhat discrediting the songs, but such
innovations in folk song occur in many nations, having drifted in
later perhaps than the original song was written.
A long list of names of people is given, many of which are
not translated but among' them are such poetic ones as
Blossom, Convolvulus, Earth, Wind, Star, Butterfly, and
Father of Leaf for boys, and White, Quick, Mother of Grass,
Little One and Handmaid for girls.
The second volume opens with accounts of customs and
beliefs. The Semangs acknowledge two deities, Kari and Pie
but there seems to be no cult of these gods who are rather
shadowy beings. The Sakais have a similar deity who however
was probably of Malay or Arabic origin. There are however
numerous demons and spirits, which are feared and have to
be kept off by charms, as in all races of the world. The crea-
tion legends seem to be mainly original. In Semang and
Jakun mythology man multiplied so fast, being immortal, that
the earth was overcrowded, and Kari according to the Semangs
slew them with his fiery breath, while according to the Jakuns,
Tuan dibawah their deity turned half of them into trees. But
this check on the population being insufficient death was institut-
ed as a relief. The Jakuns appear to have anticipated the
discovery of evolution in ascribing the origin of mankind to a
pair of white apes, which is curious, especially in view of the
fact that the ape specified, the wawa (Hylobates) is generally
considered the most nearly related to man of any of the apes.
The charms, ceremonies, traditional sale*, dances, and such sub-
jects are fully dealt with, and the last part of the book deals
with the language, the special task of Mr. Blagden, than whom
it would be difficult to find a better authority. A vocabulary of
the dialects is given at the end.
The amount of research which this work must have
entailed has been extremely large, and the authors have spared
Jour. Straits Branch
THE PAGAN RACES OF THE MALAY PENINSULA. 5
no pains to get together everything that has been recorded in
the various journals and works on the subject of these strange
races, besides adding extensively from their own observations.
They have collected too a very fine series of photographs of
the different races, and added many of the weapons, houses,
dress, traps, and other objects, so that the whole work gives
a very full and graphic view of one of the most interesting and
least known of the peoples of the earth. When one looks back
for a comparatively few years ago in ethnological and
anthropological works to see what was known about this people,
and sees what poor and often inaccurate accounts we then had,
and find the only existing portraits of any of tbe races were
Miklucho Mac lay's rough sketches, one can appreciate the
value of this work, and the immense labour of the authors in
compiling- it, and they are heartily to be congratulated on the
results.
As they very pertinently point out in the introduction to
tire work there is great need of a thorough survey of the whole
Peninsula from both a geographical and ethnological point of
view by the local Governments. The Governments of French
Indo-china, the Dutch Indies and the American Philippines
have published and are still publishing excellent works, beauti-
fully illustrated, on the ethnology, geography, and all branches
of science of the colonies under their control. The British
nation with larger, richer and more important colonies, for
some reason not very clear to anyone, has practically done
nothing at all for the advancement of knowledge of its vast
empire. The whole of thh work has been left to enthusiastic
private persons who devote their time and money to such work.
This apathy must be much regretted by all who have the
cause of science and progress at heart.
ft. A t &oc., No 4d, 1907.
On Tally Sticks and Strings in Borneo.
By Dr. Hose and J. Hewitt.
Amongst the natives of Sarawak, notched sticks and
strings are in common use for keeping record of contracts. To
some of the various tribes the custom is one of antiquity whilst
in other cases e.g. the Sea Dayaks, it is certainly a new idea
borrowed from their neighbours.
If a Malanau undertakes to meet another person in a
definite number of days he ties up a piece of string into as
many knots as there are days before the fulfilment of his
engagement : as each day passes by he unties a knot. The
same people often appear in the debt courts carrying a knotted
string or rotan and explaining that each knot represents a debt
of one pasu of lemanta (8 gallons of raw sago). On one occa-
sion a Malanau produced in the debt court a stick notched on
two sides : on the one side the notches corresponded to his
debt, and on the other side he had cut a notch each time he
had made a repayment.
Amongst the Kenyans, Punans and other tribes of the
interior this custom reaches its highest development. The
string is made from bark of the tree known to Kenyahs as
Kumut and to Sea Dayaks as Tekalong (Artocarpus sp.) As
before, it is knotted according to the number of days before
that of the engagement, and each party keeps a string. They
viear it on their person tied to the unus, slender leglets of
twisted fibre usually from the ijok palm (Arenga saccharifera).
As each day passes by a knot is cut clean off. To such people
a definite contract thus arranged is kept quite seriously and
the evidence of his tally string is usually deemed quite suffi-
cient to relieve the wearer of other conflicting duties which
might be imposed upon him by the bead-man of the house.
But this custom is by no means confined to men. Even
Bali Atap, a god of the Kenyahs, wears such knotted strings
around his neck to tell off the number of doors in the house
Jour. 3traits Branch B. A. Soc, No. 49, 1907.
8 ON TALLY STICKS AND STRINGS IN BORNEO.
under his care, and also to indicate the number of people under
his protection in each house. The image of Bali Atap outside
the door of a Madang house has a whole fringe of knotted
strings tied round his neck. This deity (Bali — a hero, Atap — a
spear) is the special protector of the house, and when they want
him to take charge of a house it is necessary to kill at his altar
a fowl or pig, the blood of the sacrifice being sprinkled over
the head of the wooden image of the god and on those persons
of the assembled crowd, who wish for his protection ; in some
cases however an egg in a cleft stick has to suffice as the
offering. To the Kenyah or Punan the tying of the knot for
Bali Atap has a deep significance: it means to them the sealing
of a fixed contract. They will only tie such knots whey they
receive an omen from Bali Atap sufficiently favourable to
justify them in assuming that the god is willing to make the
agreement with them. The actual manner of obtaining such
an omen is as follows : a man fixes up two vertical poles in the
ground and on the top of these and again two feet below he
attaches horizontal poles; then he sits down behind the square
thus formed and looks through it to the area of sky beyond.
At this part of the ceremony the above mentioned sacrifice is
made. And now, after waiting perhaps for hours, if a hawk
soars in this patch of sky in a direction from right to left, he
knows that this hawk will carry his message to Bali Atap, and
seeing it he waves a fire brand in the air towards the flying
bird at the same time loudly shouting the message which is
carried upwards in the ascending smoke to the hawk. Thus
being assured that Bali Atap has been willing to receive and
hence is favourable to his request he completes the ceremony by
tying the knotted string to the image of the god as a seal to
the agreement just made between Bali Atap and the man.
The same idea in the tying of a knot is met with in entirely
different ceremonies of which we may mention one example.
It is held by Kenyans that when a person t falls sick his soul
leaves the body and to heal the patient all that is necessary is
the return of the soul. The witch doctor (Dayong) in charge
of the case obtains assistance from the next world and thus is
able to persuade the erring soul to return. In the ceremony
Jour, otraita Branch
ON TALLY STICKS AND STRINGS IN BORNEO. 9
theDayong affects the motioDs of a person going along journey —
paddling a boat for instance — chanting all the time and accom-
panied in the chorus by the people who repeat over and over
again the words ' Bali Dayong ; ' then returning with the soul
he with the assistance of a fowl or pig waives it back into the
body. And now, when safely in and the fees paid, the Dayong
knots round the patients wrist with a string of • Daun silat '
(leaf of a Licuala palm) and thus ties in the soul and at the same
time completes the undertaking. During this time however
the soul of the Dayong has been absent from his body and at
this stage to the cries of ' Mulai Mulai ' (Come home, come home)
from the crowd it re-enters, the man himself suddenly relapsing
from a quivering hissing maniac into a rational being who, as
if just awakening from a sleep, takes his seat unconcernedly
amongst the crowd.
Tally sticks also are very much used by Kenyahs, Punans,
and other inland tribes (but not Kayans) who have not come in
contact with more civilised peoples. An ordinary Kenyah tally
stick is a strip of wood about a foot long, an inch or more
wide, and an eighth of an inch thick : at one end is a rudely carved
head and hands, a representation of the god. At one side of
the stick are marks each referring to one door of the house.
A debt incurred by the occupant of any ' door ' is recorded by
a notch in the corresponding position on the stick. Bartering
among these people is very limited : their objects of barter are
few, being mainly pigs, fowls, parangs, pongs, and pieces of
iron. For each of these different objects there are separate
positions on the stick. Excepting in rare cases debts are not
incurred between occupants of different houses so that one stick
of the type just described is as a rule quite sufficient to record
all the debts owed to one man. When a debt is paid the owner
of the stick will just snip away the wood from either side of
the notch so as to replace the notch by a curved depression in
the wood.
The tally stick is usually to be found hung up near the fire-
place where it becomes smoked and blackened with age : such
a stick would be accepted as evidence in case of a dispute
respecting a debt of long standing, for it would not be eaBy to
B. A. &OC., No. 49, 1907.
10 ON TALLY STICKS AND STRINGS IN BORNEO.
forge an old notch. A stick which has been kept for years
acquires quite a high value as a * lucky ' stick : it is customary
also in disputes to swear with such sticks calling down vengeance
on themselves if they tell a lie. Kenyahs, whose conservatism
is not very strong, often content themselves with sticks devoid
of carving or polish and even sometime without the image of
the god.
In conclusion therefore it seems to us very probable that
in the knotted string (terbuku tali) of the more civilised and
better known natives of Borneo and perhaps in the tally stick
we have something which did not originate merely as a means
of counting but which is a relic that has largely lost its original
meaning of covenant.
New or Rare Malayan Plants.
Series HI.
By H. N. Ridley.
This is another series of novelties and notes on little
known plants from the East. The recently published numbers
of the Materials for the Flora of the Malay Peninsula by Dr.
King contains the Scrophularinece, and I find in the genus
Torenia one common species altogether omitted and two very
distinct plants wrongly identified with two common Siamese
plants cultivated here only. I have therefore given descriptions
of these three plants. Some new plants obtained in Sarawak
by Mr. Hewitt, some from Southern Siam by Mr. Down, and
other little known or new plants from elsewhere are described.
Neckia.
The small genus Neckia comprises a few species of small
half shrubby plants belonging to the section Sauvagmacea, of
Violacece. They are usually under a foot tall, often only a few
inches high, with lanceolate toothed leaves, and small rose or
white flowers. The slender woody stem seldom or never
branches and is more or less covered with bristly hairs. The
fruit is a small capsule containing a large number of very
small reticulate seeds.
The Neckias are to be found on rocks, usually sandstone
or granitic, in the forests of the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra and
Borneo.
N. Malayan a, u. sp.
Whole plant 3-12 inches tall. Stem naked below
(from the falling off of the leaves), woody slender, above
covered densely with the bristle-like stipules red brown
£ inch long. Leaves alternate lanceolate acuminate
at both ends, margins biserrate but obscurely, glabrous
Jour. Strait* Branch R. A. Soc, No. 49, 1907.
12 NEW_OR RARE MALAYAN PLANTS.
dark green above glaucescent or pale beneath 1^ to
7 inches long, nerves very numerous inconspicuous.
Flowers axillary on long slender peduncles 1 inch long.
Bract linear minute, pedicel £ inch long. Sepals 5 lan-
ceolate acute toothed. Petals 5 rose pink ovate obtuse.
Stamens monadelphous 10. Pistil conic, style straight
longer than the stamens, capitate. Capsule ovoid acute
with the style persistent longer than the sepals, seed
obovoid punctate dark brown.
Johor : Gunong Janeng (Lake and Kelsall), Telepak
(C. B. Kloss), Gunong Panti (Ridley 4164); Pahang:
Tahan river (Ridley 2264), Lingga, edge of a stream at
200-300 feet (Hullett).
There are two forms of this, one small to 1 foot
tall, the leaves broadly lanceolate 2£ inches long by £
inch wide and more strongly toothed. This is the form
common in Johor and Lingga. The Pahang plant has
leaves 6 inches long and | inch wide, and might be
made a variety under the name of angustifolia.
N. distant, n. sp.
Stem slender woody over a foot tall, internodes £
inch long. Leaves alternate stipules of dark brown
branched hairs, persistent shorter than in the preceding.
Leaves lanceolate acuminate narrowed gradually at the
base, margins bidenticulate, 5 inches long j inch wide,
scattered over the stem and not persistent only at the
top. Flowers solitary axillary, peduncle very short less
than | inch. Bract lanceolate acute minute, pedicel •£
an inch long or very much less. Sepals broadly lanceo-
late acute striate £ inch long with a few teeth towards
the tip. Petals shorter ovate, lanceolate blunt pink.
Stamens shorter than in the preceding. Style shorter
than the petals. Capsule ovoid shorter than the sepals.
British North Borneo : Bongaya in Labuk Bay
(Ridley 9054).
Xeckia *crra/«,Boerlage. Ic. Bogor XXVI. may possi-
bly be this specios.
Jour, strait* Branch
NEW OR RARE MALAYAN PLANTS. 13
N. lancifolia, Hook. fil. Trans. Linn. Soc. XXIII. p. 158.
The whole plant about 6 inches tall. Stem woody,
internodes short ; stipules of long erect bristly brown
hairs. Leaves crowded towards the tip broadly ob-
lanceolate obtuse, base narrowed acuminate, edges
stringly bidenticulate dark above rather coriaceous,
pale beneath 4 inches' long by 1 inch broad or less.
Flowers solitary axillary on peduncles -J inch long,
pedicels shorter. Sepals ovate lanceolate, not or little
toothed ribbed, longer than the capsule. Petals very
small ovate. Capsule subglobose shorter than the
sepals.
Borneo : Sarawak on Matang (Hullett, Ridley).
Miquel, and Boerlage and Koorders (Ic. Bogor lxxvi)
identify Hooker's plant collected by Lobb in North
Borneo, with Korthals' plant iV r . serrata which is des-
cribed as four feet tall and is a native of Sumatra. I
never saw any species of Neckia nearly as big as this.
The plant figured in the Icones Bogorienses as iV T . serrata
seems to be different again. It can hardly be Hooker's
plants, for in his description the leaves are said to be
bidenticulate whereas in the plant figured they are
almost quite entire, remarkably so for one of the genus.
Hooker's plant is probably the one described above, but
his description is too short for so critical a genus. It
can hardly be either Korthals' plant or Boerlage's.
N. Klosbii, d, sp.
Stem 4 or 5 inches tall woody leaves crowded up-
wards. Stipules feiTugineous. Leaves oblanceolate, sub-
acute, narrowed towards the base glabrous dark green
above light greon beueath edges bidenticulate especially
towards the tip 2£ inches long £ inch wide. Scapes very
slender several together or solitary -J inch long. Bract
linear very narrow. Sepals lanceolate acuminate very
narrow, acute, with a few rather large irregular teeth on
the edge green. Petals oblong obtuse much broader
and a little shorter white. Staminodes very numerous
E. A. 8oe, No. 49, 1907.
14 NEW OK RARE MALAYAN PLANTS.
bright yellow, linear clubbed. Stamens pale spathulate.
Style a little longer ; fruit not seen.
Pulau Battam (C. B. Kloss, March 1906).
Nearly allied to N. parviflora Rid], but with extremely
narrow sepals and oblong petals nearly as long and much
broader.
If, parviflora, n. sp.
Stem decumbent rooting 6-8 inches long woody,
nude below, stipules dark red. Leaves lanceolate shortly
acuminate blunt, narrowed a little at the base toward
the short petiole somewhat coriaceous bidenticulate
3 inches long £ inch wide. Flowers very small on slender
peduncles with several bracts. Peduncles 2 or 5 in
each axil in a tuft -J inch long with three linear entire
bracts. Pedicel of flower very short. Flower sepals J
inch long ovate crenulate at the edge enlarging to ovate
denticulate in fruit nearly £ inch long and ribbed.
Petals much smaller lanceolate ovate, anthers oblong
ovate. Capsule much shorter than the sepals ovoid
oblong. Seeds reticulate.
i Sarawak : Banks at Puak (Ridley 12320.)
Distinct in its small flowers, and numerous peduncles,
with several bracts, linear in the flowering stage but
becoming larger lanceolate dentate in the fruiting stage.
The largest bracts I have seen in the genus.
N. humilis, Hook fil. Trans. Linn, Soc. XXIII, p.
158. Labuan. (Lobb.)
N. serrata, Korth Ned. Eruidk. Arch. I. p. 358 Miq.
Fl. Ind. Bat. I. 2 p. 118. This is described as four feet
tall, a native of Sumatra.
I have never seen anything fitting the descriptions of
either of these two species.
Gluta.
There are a number of trees belonging to the Anacardiaoect
commonly known to the Malays as Rengas, and all are well
Jour. Straits Branch
NEW OR RARE MALAYAN PLANTS. 15
known for their poisonous properties. This poison lies in a
black resin which is abundant in all parts of the trees, chiefly
in the wood and fruit. Several of these Rengas trees belong
to the genus Melanorrkoa characterised by its small fruit fur-
nished with bright crimson wings, others belong to the genus
Gluta in which the fruit is a larger or smaller drupe with often
a corky brown exterior full of black resin.
There are about ten known species of Gluta occuring in
Cambodia, Andaman*, Tavoy, the Malay Peninsula and Islands.
Nearly all these Rengas trees possess a very fine red tim-
ber marked usually with black streaks of the resin and hare
been known as Singapore mahogany. When used as furniture
wood however they are said to exhale a certain quantity of the
poison probably in the form of dust which is very injurious to
those using the furniture. An article on poisoning by Renghas
(Melanorrhea) was published by Dr. Brown in Journal 24, 83,
(1892). Cases of poisoning among jungle folk by these plants
are by no means rare, a drop of the juice from a broken bough
even of a seedling falling on the face or body often producing
serious effects. The resin is also said to be used as a poison
with criminal intent producing violent irritation of the stomach
and intestines.
It is interesting to note that though the Mangiperas (Mang-
os) are closely allied to the Gluta and contain to a lesser
extent the same black resin, their timber is more or less of a
yellow colour, while that of the Melanorheas and Gluts s is
red.
There are four species of Gluta known from the Malay
peninsula, one of which however has not been described, and
I have received specimens of fruit and flowers of this fine tim-
ber tree from Mr. Burn-Murdoch.
Gluta Benghas, Miq.
A medium sized tree usually much branched low
down. Leaves elliptic or obovate coriaceous with a
fairly long petiole, and glabrous panicles of white
flowers. The fruit brown, corky outside, with much
black resin. This tree has only been met with by my-
S. A. Soc., No. 49, 1907.
16 NEW OR RARE MALAYAN PLANTS.
self in the Malay Peninsula on the banks of the Pahang
liver and on the Runipin river. It occurs also in
Sumatra, Java and Borneo, and a variety is recorded
from Madagascar.
0. elegant, Kurz.
Is a smaller tree slender and tall, with rather
long narrow elliptic leaves rather long petioled, and
bright red calyces to the flowers. The fruit is flattened
and rounded l£ inch across smooth and black. It
occurs commonly in Penang, and has been met with in
Malacca and a variety occurs in Tenasserim and the
Andamans. Native Name " Rengas Ay am."
G. coarctata, Hook fil.
This I take to be the extremely common bush or
bushy tree occurring in most tidal waters in this
region. It never seems to attain any great size
and is conspicuous in the water edge of the river from its
bright red young leaves. The flowers are yellowish white
in panicles shorter than the leaves. The fruit is subglo-
bose, corky, light brown and very resinous.
This is the commonest species ; very abundant in all
our tidal rivers, and also very conspicuous in Sumatra
and Sarawak.
Gl. Wrayi, King.
I have seen no type of this but I take the
description given in the Materials of the Flora of the
Malay Peninsula to apply to this plant, of which good
specimens were sent to me by Mr. Burn-Murdoch, under
the name of Rengas Kerbau Jalang or Red Rengas. It
is a very big tree with stiff coriaceous leaves 4 to 6
inches long elliptic acute narrowed at the base to a
broad flat petiole, nerves about 12 pairs conspicuous
on the lower surface, finely reticulated on both sides.
Panicles 4 inches long with rather distant branches to
near the base ; flowers very numerous red and white
Jour. Straits Branch
NEW OR RARE MALAYAN PLANTS. 17
Panicle and flowers pubescent. Calyx half as long as
the corolla bilobed pubescent lobes rounded. Petals
linear oblong obtuse, back pubescent. Stamens slightly
longer, filaments slender glabrous. Ovary rounded ovoid
pubescent style lateral shorter than the stamens. Fruit
oblong red brown, a large hard drupe of a laterite
red colour 4 or 5 inches long and 3 inches thick elliptic
smooth slightly oblique. Bindings : at Lumat (Ridley
7974) ; Perak (Wray 2290) ; Penang : Telok JBahang
(Curtis).
"Rengas Kerbau Jalang " This gives a very fine
timber known as Red Rengas according to Burn-
Murdoch. There is a plant in the Botanic gardens raised
from seed brought from the Dindings in 1894 which is
now about 8 feet tall. The leaves are much larger in
the young plant, some being 8 inches long and of
a bright green. Compared with Sir George King's
description this plant only differs in the leaves not
being thickly coriaceous, though rather stiff when dry,
and the nerves are quite visible on both surfaces and
prominent on the underside, the petiole too is not
channelled but distinctly flat, but there is some variation
in the foliage.
GL lanceolata, n. sp.
A big tree. Leaves narrowly lanceolate obtuse
narrowed into a long slender petiole, coriaceous
blade 6 inches long, 2 inches wide, nerves rather
inconspicuous about 12-14 hairs, reticulations conspi-
cuous, petiole l^ to 3 inches long. Panicles 1 inches
long much resembling those of GL Wrayi pubescent.
Calyx half the length of the corolla, tubular split on one
side, pubescent Petals linear oblong obtuse 5 back
pubescent tip tufted with hairs, and a band of hairs
down the centre of the inner face. Stamens considerable
longer than the petals, filaments very slender. Ovary
sub-globose quite glabrous, style lateral rather long.
Fruit unripe globose glabrous black.
B. A. Soc, No. 49, 1907.
18 NEW OR RARE MALAYAN PLANTS.
Penang: Balek Pulau (Ridley 9465 ).
This differs from Wrayi in the less pubescent
spathaceous not bilobed calyx, the pubescence on the
inner face of the corolla lobes and the perfectly glabrous
ovary. A specimen collected by Curtis in Penang of
what seems to be the same plant has elliptic acuminate
leaves very much resembling those of Gl. Wrayi but the
flowers are exactly those of the above described species.
Compositab.
In the 16th part of the Materials for a Flora of the Malay
Peninsula Sir George King publishes the account of the Com-
posite of the peninsula. Most of the plants of this order here
are introduced species often of wide distribution, but a consider-
able number have apparently not been seen by him, although
they are thoroughly established in the country. They are
Sparganophoru8 Yaillantii Gaertn.
So common as to be a pest in the gardens. A herb
with axillary balls of purple flowers, growing in damp
spots. Common in Tanglin and elsewhere. I have
also found it in Selangor at Batu Tiga and in Borneo at
Lundu in Sarawak district. It is said to be a native
of the West Indies.
EUphantopns tomentosus L.
This is a very much taller plant than the common
E. scaber four or five feet tall and much more woolly
The stems are mucji branched and the leafy shoots tall
and very woolly. It has a very different appearance
from the common plant and is said to be a native of
North America.
Johor, Roadside Castle wood, Tebrau river (Ridley).
Conyza semipinnatijida, Wall.
A very common weed in new clearings and waste
ground. A tall branched plant with small heads of
yellowish flowers, quite resembling Eriyeron linifolia in
appearance. Clarke says in his description of it in the
Jour. Straits branch
NEW OR RARE MALAYAN PLANTS. 1 9
Compositae Indicae that its flowers are " intense flava,"
but it is a very dull thing here. I have it from Pulau
Ubin, Bukit Mandai (Ridley 3807) ; Johor : Batu Pahat
(Hullett) ; Pahang : Pulau Jellam, Pa hang river, Sungei
Ujong, Burunang (Cantley's coll) ; Selangor : Kwala
Lumpur (Curtis) ; Penang Hill (Ridley 10205) ; Selang-
or Caves (Ridley 8235). "A big plant 6 feet tall.
Malacca : Bukit Asahan (R. 12586), and Perak in Cant-
ley's Collection.
Its Native names are " Sumbong Jantan " and " Sari
bulan."
A specimen collected by Dr. Keith in Bangtaphan is
also in the Botanic Gardens Herbarium.
These three species were identified at Kew.
Xanthium strumarium.
Occurs as a weed in Singapore Town.
Caesulia axillaris, Roxb.
What appears to be this plant occurs in Singapore at
Galang (7085 of my collection), and at Dato Kramat
in Penang (Curtis 3455). It is known as Chinkro and
Kangkong Kerbau in Penang and is u&ed as a salad by
Malays and as medicine by Chinese.
Acanthospermum xanthioides, Dec.
A prostrate herb with white flowers and spiny fruit,
occurs in Singapore on road sides, Macpherson Road
(8417, 624 1), Ang Mokio (2740), of my collection and was
also collected by Hullett on Drew's road in 1884.
Blumca spectabilis, Dec.
A tall weedy plant growing in woods. Selangor :
Ginting Bidai (Ridley 72 16); Kwala Lumpur (Curtis
2350); Sungei Ujong (Cantley's Coll.). I have it also
from Siam at Bangtaphan collected by Keith and from
Christmas Island. It is recorded from India and
Ceylon. The plant known as Chapur and Kupugis is
boiled and applied in cases of Rheumatism.
B. A. Soc, No. 49, 19U7.
20 NEW OR RARE MALAYAN PLANTS.
Bl. densijlora, Dec.
I take a stout plant like BL Bahamifera but not aro-
matic which grows on the road up the Taiping hills to
be this plant. It is abundant on the road side at
4000 feet alt.
Vernonia eleagni/olia.
Is also omitted from the Flora. It is a sarmentose
shrub with lavender flowers. I met wich it in Pahang
at Pekan on the riverbank near Ayer Hitam in flower
in June (Ridley 1199). Plants brought, to the Botanic
Gardens grow into bushes but have never flowered since.
I have it also from Bangtapban in Siam collected by
Dr. Keith.
CYRTANDRACEiE.
Chirita rupestris, Rid I.
Since publishing the account of this plant in the
Journal, I have obtained and raised plants of this spe-
cies from a seedling which came up in a pot in Penang
Gardens, and am able to add fuller details to my account
of it, which was based on somewhat weak plants collect-
ed by Curtis in the Lankawi islands in 1889.
The plants now raised are more robust, the stems
stouter, more or less purplish and sometimes much
branched. The leaves are light green as are the urn-
shaped involucres of two bracts. The flowers described
as dark blue in Curtis field-note are light violet blue
with a white tube and yellow throat, £ inch long, the
limb half an inch across, the corolla lobes are rounded
and glabrous in front, but the tube margins of the lobes,
and mouth of the tube are covered with white hairs. The
two stamens have short thick sinuous filaments, and
elliptic anthers. The ovary is cylindric and hairy the
style not much longer. The stigma is flat and linear.
Cyrtandromaea minor, n. sp.
Whole plant 20 inches tall, stem angled pubescent.
Leaves opposite ovate lanceolate obtuse, base acute mar-
Juur. Straits Branch
NEW OR RARE MALAYAN PLANTS. 21
gin crenulate 2£ inch loDg 1^ inch wide, scabrid hairy
on both surfaces, petiole £ inch long hairy. Flowers in
axillary umbels, peduncle f inch long hairy. Bracts
lanceolate acute white hairy. Flowers 5 in an umbel,
pedicels J inch long white hairy. Calyx £ * ncn l° n g
campanulate pubescent, lobes 5 acute red. Corolla £
inch long tubular lobes rounded, pubescent firm texture,
white or yellow. Stamens 4 didynamous. Style shorter
than the two longer stamens stout, stigma broad sub-
quadrate. Ovary small quadrate truncate surrounded
by a sinuate disc.
Sarawak : Kuching (Hewitt).
Cyrtandra Gimltttii, n. sp.
Stem woody brown, 4 inches tall pubescent, especially
the young parts. Leaves obovate subacute narrowed
gradually to the base serrate, bright green reticulate
bullate, main nerves 6 pairs, shining above, with appress-
ed scattered hairs, nerves beneath thickly hairy 6 inches
long four inches wide, petiole beneath purple. Flowers
in small tufts from the lower leaves or from axils of
fallen leaves, 4 or 5 together sessile. Bracts small
ovate pale whitish yellow hairy. Calyx short tubular
deeply bilobed with two acute points hairy. Corolla
tube £ inch long thick curved dilated upwards hairy, limb
£ inch across upper lobes subtriangular obtuse lower
three oblong obtuse, glabrous in front, creamy white,
lower lip yellower, with deep purple blotching ending
in two purple bars on the lower lip. Stamens 2, filaments
stout sinuous purple, anthers orange elliptic pressed
together. Pollen floury white. Stigma transversely
oblong large green. Staminodes 2 very short sinuous
filaments, from near the base of the tube.
Kelantan : Kwala Lebir(Dr. Gimlette).
This little plant was sent alive by Dr. Gimlette from
Kelantan and flowered in the Botanic Gardens in Dec-
ember 1906. The stamens project first after the flower
B. A. 8oc, No. 49, 1907.
22 NEW OR RARE MALAYAN PLANTS.
opens, and shed the pollen on the lip. The second day
the filaments contract and curl up and the stigma ap-
pears at the mouth of the flower.
Didymocarpus (§ Baopsis).
I propose this section of Didymocarpus for a number
of small species with the short corolla-tube and two
short stamens with thick sigmoid filaments and sub-
globose or elliptic anthers. The form of the flowers
and habit of the plants is exactly like that of Saint-
paulia, an African genus, and that genus only differs
in the thick conic capsule. It would probably be better
to separate the section above mentioned into a distinct
genus, Baeopsis, but there are intermediate links with
the long tubed /. idymocarpi. The section would include.
D. perdita Ridl., D. pnncticulata Ridl., D. heterophylla
Ridl., and the following new species from the island
Pulau Buttam, south of Singapore.
D. baltamensis, n. sp.
Leaves elliptic obovate 2 to 3 inches long 1-J inch
wide, apex and base rounded minutely bullate, deep
green more or less softly hairy with a grey green central
bar, edges crenate, beneath purple covered with pink
hairs, nerves elevated reticulate; petiole £-2 inches
long pink hairy. Scapes numerous slender purple 3 to 4
inches long pubescent one-flowered. Calyx 5 lobed, lobes
lanceolate acute purple. Corolla tube sbort campanulate
white £ inch long, limb £ inch across very unequal,
lobes rounded pubescent outside upper lobes 2 pale
violet, lower larger deep violet with three darker nerves
on each lobe, tube inside white with a bright orange
spot on each side. Stamens 2, anthers elliptic yellowish
white large parallel. Filaments broadly linear short
and recurved at the tip. Style cylindric purple at the
base, tip yellow. Stigma capitate. Capsule an inch
long sausage shaped, terminated by the style.
Jour. Straits Branch
NEW OR RARE MALAYAN PLANTS. 23
Pulau Battam, an island south of Singapore (C. B.
Kloss), Sept. 1905.
This species is certainly closely allied to D. per (lit a
Ridl. but is much more hairy with shorter petioles, and
stem and more slender fruit. It is a very pretty little
plant but I have failed to cultivate it.
SCROPHULARINEAE.
Torenia mucronulata, Benth. Dec. Prodr. X. 410.
A prostrate creeping herb a foot or more long, with
slender branched hairy stems. Leaves ovate crenate
narrowed at the base tip rounded sprinkled with hairs
above, the nerves on both surfaces more densely hairy
£ inch wide and as long, petiole hairy £ inch. Flowers
axillary solitary or in pairs nearly sessile. Calyx lobes
ovate reticulate hairy. Corolla small white with a pale
blue bar on each lower petal.
On paths Singapore, Garden jungle, Bukit Timah
(Ridley 6894), Golang; Dindings, Gunong Tungul
(Ridley 9444) ; Pahang : Pahang river Ridley) ; Penang :
Waterfall and Government Hill (Curtis 1837) ; Trin-
ganu, Bundi (Rostado).
Native Names K'ra Nasi ; Gelumak Susu, Rumput
Labang.
The powdered leaves are applied in cases of snake
bite or rheumatism.
Hooker in Flora Brit. Ind. seems to think this but
little distinct from T. polygonoides but in life at least it
is extremely different in its hairiness, and quite differ-
ently coloured flowers. It always dries black which
T. polygcntoides does not.
Torenia caelestis, n. sp. A slender creeping plant, the
stem and leaves pubescent hairy. Leaves ovate dentate
subacute base broad 1 inch long petiole £ inch long.
Flowers solitary terminal on slender peduncles 1£ inch
long. Calyx bilobed not winged hairy •£ inch long, lobes
R. A. Soc., No. 49, 1907.
24 NEW OR RARE MALAYAN PLANTS.
lanceolate subacute, ribbed in fruit. Corolla j inch long,
Lobes oblong rounded, light blue.
Johore : Kota Tiaggi and along the road to Gunong
Pantai (Ridley 4169).
This plant was identified in the Materials for th«
Flora of the Malay Peninsula as the very different T.
Benthamiana, a Cochin Chinese plant commonly culti-
vated under the name of T. Bailloni. This plant has
large yellow flowers with a brown centre, while T,
cadestis has much smaller flowers of a light blue.
Torenia atropurpurea, n. sp.
Stems creeping and rooting slender 2 feet long or
more, branched internodes 1 to 4 inches long. Leaves
ovate to deltoid glabrous minutely pustular above,
apex acute base broad or slightly cuneate margin
crenate serrate, 1-2 inches long ^-1 inch wide, petiole
slender £ inch long. Flowers solitary in the upper
axils on slender 1 inch peduncles. Bracts very small
linear. Calyx § inch long narrow tubular, lobes linear
acute free for $ of the length of calyx. Corolla deep
violet purple an inch long tube narrow tubiform mouth
■£ inch across lobes rounded. Capsule oblong \ inch long
abtuse shorter than the calyx. Seeds subquadrate.
Perak : Maxwell's Hill (Ridley 5507), Bujong Malacca
(at the first Waterfall Ridley 9756) without locality
(Scortechini 2122) ; Selangor: 15th mile, Pahang track
(Ridley 8533). On clay banks often growing in great
clumps.
This charming plant has somehow been mistaken in
the Flora of British India for T. asiatica, a native of
Siam commonly cultivated in the East and occasionally
appearing is an escape from cultivation. It differs from
this species in being a creeping perennial, instead of an
erect annual, in its narrow linear calyx lobes and long
narrow-tubed deep purple corolla. It is a very pretty
Jour. Straiti Branch
NEW OR RARE MALAYAN PLANTS. 25
plant well worthy of cultivation but I have failod to
succeed in establishing it.
Microearpaa muscosa, R. Br.
A small herb forming large tufts of a bright green
colour under water in shallow spots. Stems one to 4
• inches tall succulent glabrous, leaves ^ to long
opposite oblong blunt. Flowers axillary solitary sessile
very small. Calyx tubular five toothed, teeth acute erect,
at length spreading pubescent. Corolla tube cylindric
shorter pale, limb hardly projecting beyond the calyx,
violet 5-lobed, four short acute, one longer linear oblong
all fringed with white hairs. Stamens fertile 2 includ-
ed, anthers 1 -celled yellow, no staminodes. Style shorter
than the calyx with a curved lateral stigma. Capsule
much shorter than the calyx tube oblong ovoid dehis-
cing into two valves. Seeds oblong elliptic ocreous
rugose.
Singapore : on the edge and shallow water of the
Reservoir. September 1906.
This ourious little plant has not previously been re-
ccrded from the Malay peninsula, but is known from
India, Java and Australia, Griffith, (Notulae Asiatic© IV.
101. Ic. PL As. t. 417. f. 2). describes a species as
M. diandra from Bengal which Hooker in the Flora of
British India is doubtful about because Griffith says
that the calyx is 5- fid, Griffith's rough sketch of the
structure of the flower is however very good as far as it
goes, showing the curious corolla lobes, one of which is
linear oblong and much longer than the others which
are small and nearly equal, a point overlooked in all
descriptions of the plant, and further he shows the
curious processes which terminate and fringe the lobes
of the corolla, nor is he altogether wrong about the
calyx being deeply cleft. The sepals are indeed con-
nate to near the tip where the five lobes are free and
in fruit spread out starwise, but they are so slightly
B. A. Soc., No. 49, 1907.
26 NEW OR RARE MALAYAN PLANTS.
connate that they very readily separate with but little
force used, and in one flower I found them quite free.
In fruit they seem to be more firmly attached. The
corolla in this plant is very much reduced, and the limb
really almost rudimentary, suggesting that its usually
submerged life has caused the limb so conspicuous in the
Limnophilas to be useless and reduced to a rudiment
still retaining however traces of the violet coloiing
(especially conspicuous in the budj so characteristic
of the Limnophilas. The little plant forms bright
green masses in shallow water, and when submerged
is usually very short little over an inch tall ; here owing
to the drying up of the water edge it is quite free of
the water it becomes taller and is three or four inches
tall.
BlGNONIACE.E.
Tecoma Curtisii, n. sp.
A slender climber with wiry stems, internodes 8
inches long. Leaves opposite 4 inches, petiole 1 inch,
leaflets 5 lanceolate acuminate base rounded entire
glabrous light green shining 1£ inch long by £ inch
wide, petiolule £ inch long. Cymes axillary and ter-
minal on short peduncles. Flowers numerous crowded
pedicels £ inch long. Bracts shorter linear subulate.
Calyx cupular ^ inch long greenish purple with 5 short
subulate processes. Corolla 2 inches long, base cylin-
dric enlarging funnel-shaped upwards to the mouth, one
inch across ; lobes subequal oblong rounded, base of
tube and interior yellow, outside pinkish yellow lobes
pinkish white. Stamens 4 included, anthers white bases
divergent, ape\ terminated by a violet subulate process.
Style longer. Stigma lanceolate flat white.
Fruit unknown.
Penang : Batu Feringhi (Curtis) ; -
This has long been cultivated in the Botanic Gardens
at Singapore, but it has never set fruit and I have never
Jour* Straits Branch
NEW OR RARE MALAYAN PLANTS. 27
seen fruit on wild plants. It seems to be local in
Penang, growing over trees to no great height at Batu
Feringhi. It flowers nearly all the year round. Mr.
Sprague of Kew proposes to call this Nyctocalos Curtisii
as the plant is hardly a typical Tecoma, It is however
so utterly different from any other species of this genus,
that it will perhaps be preferable to retain it in the
genus Tecoma till we can obtain fruit of it.
Orchide.e.
Microttylit aurata, n. sp. *
Stem an inch long hardly bulbous. Leaves 6-9 erect
narrow lanceolate acuminate, inacquilateral narrow at
base into a petiole winged to the base 6 inches long
1 wide or narrower. Scapes 1 or 2, slender 6 inches
lengthening with flowering to one foot, base (about 4
inches,) nude except for a few linear bracts £ inch long,
4 angled. Floral bracts lanceolate acuminate longer
than the pedicels. Flowers very numerous opening one
or two at a time about 50 sepals ovate, laterals rather
broader than upper one £ inch long three nerved blunt.
Petals narrower linear one nerved blunt. Lip auricles
very large recurved red, ovate lanceolate acute, as large
as the rest of the lip, limb obovate narrower at the
base and enlarged into two rounded oblanceolate lobes,
elevated veins at the base between the auricles column
short with very short arms. Capsule elliptic oblong £
inch long.
Sarawak: Quop. Fls. yellow, lateral lobes of lip red,
(J. Hewitt).
Siparis Downii % n. sp.
Stem about \\ inch long. Leaves few elliptic lanceo-
late herbaceous 3 inches long £ inch across slightly
narrowed to the base acute at the tip. Peduncle slen-
der terete 4 inches long. Bracts linear acuminate £
inch long deflexed. Flowers 5, small, ovary and pedicel
B. A. Soc., No. 49, 1907.
•
28 NEW OK RARE MALAYAN PLANTS.
£ inch long. Dorsal sepal oblong linear, pale fuscous
purple, laterals oblong decurved inacquilateral green
with indistinct purple breaks along the outer edge
than the lip. Petals linear narrow purple £ inch long.
Lip fleshy shining, base broad parallel to the column.
Apex oblong obovate decurved emaginate with very
obscure teeth on the outer edges dull green at base
passing into purple at the tip, calli 2 conic at the bend
in the lip green between them and for some way on the
blade a deep purple groove. Column acuate green
wings short rounded base dilated. Anther green skull
shaped.
Southern Siam. Coll. St. V. B. Down, flowered in
H. B. Singapore June 1905.
Bulbophyllum longerepens, n. sp.
Rhizome very long slender emitting tufts of roots
from below the pseud o bulbs. Pseudobulbs 1 inch apart
oblong £ inch long angled. Leaf elliptic apex rounded
1J inch long by £ inch across, petiole £ inch long
scapes from the internodes very short hardly £ inch,
with ovate amplexicaul bracts. Floral bracts ovate
acuminate longer than the pedicel. Flowers very small
£ inch long about 5 or 6 on a scape, glabrous sepals
lanceolate condate. Petals about half as long oblong
subacute. Lip shorter than the petals narrowly linear
oblong with two slightly raised veins running the whole
length. Column stout stelidia tooth-like acute erect
longer than the anther.
Sarawak, Santubong (Hewitt), off 18. Java Tremb.
Dendrobium sulphuratum, n. sp.
Rhizome creeping £ inch through. Stems swollen
slightly 2 inches long covered with close sheaths.
Leaves 2 oblong coriaceous acute, 3 inches long 1 inch
wide glabrous. Raceme subterminal with one lateral
branch 2 inches long. Bracts ovate or lanceolate acu-
minate J inch long. Flowers rather thick in texturt.
Jour, Straits Br&nek
NEW OR RAKE MALAYAN PLANTS. 29
Pedicels 1 inch long ovary elongate angled. Sepals lan-
ceolate acuminate | inch long. Petals narrower sulphur
yellow. Lip shorter £ inch long base rather narrow,
lateral wings short round distinct, midlobe fleshy lan-
ceolate acuminate acute reddish brown.
Sarawak: Sajingkat ^Hewitt). Feb. 10. 1906. This
belongs to the &stochilti$ section and is allied to D.
Treacherianum. I hare not seen the old bulbs.
Dtndrobium (Scttochilus) radicosus, n. sp.
Rhizome very long slender with numerable wiry
roots, pseudobulbs elliptic oblong £ inch long and as
far apart. Older ones larger conic £ inch long. Leaves
2 to each pseudobulb elliptic coriaceous subacute narrow-
ed at the base 4*3 ^° cn l° n £ f i ncD across. Flowers
solitary terminal, pedicel slender ^ inch upper sepal
lanceolate hardly ^ inch long acute laterals slightly
broader. Petals narrower shorter oblong obtuse. Men-
turn short and rounded. Lip as long as sepals, three lobed
base narrowed, lateral lobes broad oblong triangular
truncate. Midlobe longer elliptic with 2 thickened
papillose ridges at the tip, a number of small papillae
on the nerves of the base of the side lobes. Column
rather long.
Sarawak : Tiang Lag a (J. Hewitt) : " Petals dull pale
yellow with a rosy tinge. Lip yellow with red brown
spots."
Coelogyne exalata, n. sp.
Epiphytic, pseudobulbs crowded subglobose round-
ed. Leaf solitary lanceolate petioled coriaceous 6-12
inches long by 3 inches wide acuminate at the base
tip mucronulate, petiole 4 inches. Raceme lateral erect,
bearing 6 or 7 flowers, 8 inches long. Bracts convolute
\ inch long brownish green. Pedicel as long. Sepals
1 inch long j inch wide. Upper one spathulate lanceo-
late acute laterals oblong acute green tinted brown or
B. A. Soc., No. *9, 19i>7.
30 NEW OR RARE MALAYAN PLANTS.
light brown, spreading petals shorter spathulate lanceo-
late acute green, appressed.
Lip spathulate entire, sides at base convolute, tip
acute 1 inch long with three distinct nerves and no
crests, green. Column white •£ as long as lip dilated up-
wards top flattened, apex broad clubshaped truncate
Clinaudrium elevated entire, anther deeply sunk, wings
incurved. Pol lima 4 in 2 pairs each pair on a distinct
lanceolate disc, yellow pyriform, anther 2 celled skull-
shaped beaked beak bifid, rostelluin lobes large 2 up-
curved oblong rounded.
Sarawak : on Serapi, the top of Matang end of August
1905 (Ridley 12470;. This singular plant differs from
any species of Caeloyyne in having a perfectly entire
lip with no side lobes.
Hatyclinis minor, n. sp.
Pseudobulbs oblong void, crowded (yellow and much
wrinkled when dry) f inch long. Leaf linear lanceolate
blunt narrowed at the base into a petiole, 3 inches long
I inch wide, petiole very slender 1 inch long. Peduncle
2-3 inches long very slender flowers crowded in a
raceme 1-3 inches long. Bracts papyraceous persis-
tent ovate acute J inch long ribbed. Pedicels slightly
longer than the bracts. Flowers $ inch across. Sepals
lanceolate acuminate acute, 3 nerved, centra] nerve
thickest. Petals shorter broader oblong slightly dilat-
ed upwards rounded obtuse strongly 1 nerved. Lip
pandurate base broad oblong short side lobes small
rounded inconspicuous, midlobe elliptic obtuse 3 ribbed.
Column narrowed at the base with large triangular
wings acuminate, rising from near the top and projecting
above the column, wings of clinandrium triangular.
Anther ovate.
Sarawak Santubong (J. Hewitt).
Platyclinis minima, Pseudobulbs very crowded conic obtuse -j
inch long. Loaf elliptic slightly narrowed towards the
Jour. .Straits Branch
flf k :iroad jaji.-wiiftir w*r»**r\ *KvniV> Vv*-,v* *K*»i*
a 4. dijftaxti leasts i>:V»«vri£ «»1»l»» ivmn^.\ jsv^vto? i ^
inri jonc. Favis?** ha'T ** ^$ n^v* :* taiNys\)*iv a* «t^
Irau:. lYra*.* halt *>. \\»\$ «'"';pii, obtMM' i*)n
clawed cl*ion£ *Vitir* oilalo to«atv* i!o i\y w\\w*\+*\
Column bare narrow i)ila!tsi *lv\o with !a«**svUto avii
minate arms rising a hill* holow tho *ti<m*
Sarawak: Tiang l«a\u. ^J.MowHU
Eria (Trichotosia) (imvit, n. sp.
Stoma rnthor aloiulor firrt IS uwlio* m mmn loll
nearly glabrous oxoopt for u hit* uf ltd halm mi thn
side opposite tho loaf and u rhvhi uf mmI halm ni I hi*
mouth, (young par In Nprinhlml with tdmil n>d ptdu>M
cence). Leaven, laii<*iMilatn li^ht. kiiw»ii im>uIi< wllh m
brood base rather llnnhy ^labruiM Kin>iiiMim I I •••-!• Inhf
few (lowered re 1 hairy. Hi-iint nl. Ilm britm nip hIhi|<mI
covered with red bairn. lirn.Hu Ihim imiIhIi oI»I.im« id
hairy. Flower* cifinll about f# | In* li loup, i iflo'l''
of ovary, L'pper j-.epal |iifj<:(«/lwf< u* wU » i d hn)j / bil» j
a!*, orate folate ;i';»mdfifi*e red lutU /, m*nhnn i> t>/i}
i',Z m J- }'*:*.*!*. l*ht:*r 1n'}'.;iU', *,i, lit.t, * ,,$\,*n\t> *]h^t' I
r>» . * ■ r y
mw-m w *m m s * * f
** ..... .... <
..." ". --* -1 ■ : i . .- ■ * v r " .'.mi' '** fS » . ■ ■ ■ ' * '* *■ *• •* - '■ ^ . '
•" ' - ■ : ■ '.■ ' ** „ ' » . -, -■ » #'
32 NEW OR RARE MALAYAN PLANTS.
very narrow, side lobes triangular lanceate recurved
acuminate, midlobe nearly as long as the claw lanceo-
late obtuse fleshy pustulate, all strongly nerved the
main nerve elevated on the disc. Column dilated up-
wards rostellum projecting.
Sarawak Santubong (J. Hewitt).
This resembles Aeridoslachya Rchb. f. but has a very
... different lip.
Phohdota grandis, n. sp.
Pseudobulbs several crowded elliptic or conical
2-3 inches long, angled and ribbed. Leaves 2 to each
pseudobulb oblong oblanceolate long petioled, acute,
blade 12 inches long narrowed into the 13 inch petiole,
ribbed. Raceme erect 8 inches or more from the base
of a pseudobulb, peduncle half the length nude dull
green spotted red. Raceme dense many flowered. Bracts
caducous elliptic subobtuse, £ inch long, as long as the
flowers, ovary and pedicel spreading green. Sepals
ovate obtuse apple green. Petals smaller oblong white
recurved. Lip base rounded saccate edge elevated un-
dulate side lobes, broad irregularly oblong rounded,
bifid on the outer edge white. Column short, hood very
broad truncate retuse narrowed downwards green.
Anther orange semiorbicular, trigibbous two celled
stigma cordate.
Selangor Semangko Pass. II in H.B.Singapore Aug.
1905.
This fine Pholidota was collected by me with Caelo-
gyne Day ana on trees in the Semangkok Pass. In habit
it quite resembles a Caelogyne. The flower spike with
its dense white flowers is quite attractive.
Tainia borneensis, n. sp.
Rhizome creeping covered with broken upsheaths.
Leaf ovate acuminate 6 inches long 2-2£ wide. Glabrous
petiole 1 inch long stem a foot long from the axil of a
Jour. St rait a Branch
NEW OR RARE MALAYAN PLANTS. 33
leaf pubescent with three or four lanceolate bracts
scattered about. Flowers 2 to 6, crowded at the top,
pedicel woolly, £ inch long, bract lanceolate acuminate
glabrous. Upper sepal lanceolate acuminate, laterals
broader, forming a short blunt mentum at the base £
inch long. Petals narrower, linear acuminate. Lip
shorter obcuneate, base oblong dilated towards the end
into a broad truncate limb with two short side lobes
and one small oblong median one. Column rather long
curved, stelidia short, anther lanceolate. Pollinia ceroid
flattened.
Sarawak : Mt. Lingga (Hewitt).
Plocoglotti* borneensis, n. sp.
Pseudobulbs several, terete thickened slightly towards
the base and purplish 2 inches long. Leaf solitary,
broadly lanceolate, 8 inches long, 4 inches wide, plicate
tapering to the winged petiole, seven-nerved dark green.
Peduncle 12-16 inches tall pubescent arising from
above the base of the pseudobulb. Bracts small ovate
acuminate.
Flowers several. Upper sepal largest •£ inch long
lanceolate, long acuminate-yellow base red spotted,
laterals similar but narrower at the base, backs pubes-
cent. Petals similar but glabrous. Lip less than ± inch
long, quadrate, tip broad equally shortly trifid pale
yellow. Column about as long yellow with two broad
flat wings white with red edges and descending bar, a
violet streak below, widened at the base. Anther cap
thick dark yellow blunt with a strong ridge running to
the tip. Pollinia 4 in two pairs in narrow cells of the
anther, elliptic one slightly above the other, pedicel
linear-pulverulent, discs oblong yellow rather large.
Margin of clinandrium elevate subovate. Stigma large
ovate.
Common in Sarawak especially at Lundu, and Tam-
busan, terrestrial in damp woods. Also at Bidi.
ft. A. Soc. No. 49, 1907.
34 NEW OR RARE MALAYAN PLANTS.
This plant I took at first for Reichenbach's Ploco-
glottis Lowii (Xenia Orchidacea Vol. II p. 142. pi. 154).
But even allowing for very rough drawing this can hard-
ly he intended for the common Sarawak species. The
flowers of this exactly resemble those of P. moluccana
Bl. but that is figured and described as belonging to the
group of many leaved Plocoglottis. No ono seems to
have seen Plocoglottis Lowii since it was first intro-
duced. It is described as having yellow and brown flow-
ers as large as those of cattleya luteola. By some extra-
ordinary error Hallier has identified it with a plant
which from his figure and description I take to be PL
porphyrophylla Ridl. and J. J. Smith has followed this
determination in his orchids of Amboina. No two spe-
cies of the genus are more utterly dissimilar. PI. porphy-
rophylla with its dull purplish flowers half an inch across,
and most peculiar lower sepals cannot possibly be the
plant Reichenbach intended, with flowers 2 inches across,
bright yellow with the lower sepals quite resembling
the upper one.
The following are the species of the genus known.
Some from Borneo.
Speciss with single leave to each pseudobulb.
PL Loicii, Rchlf. Locality unknown said to be Bornean.
PL borneensis, Ridl. Sarawak.
PL porphyrophylla, Ridl. (PL Lowii Hallier not Reichen-
bach) recorded from Borneo by Hallier.
PL parviflora % Ridl.
Species with leafy stems.
PL dilatata, Bl. Sarawak, Mt, Kowa. Braang (Haviland 76)
on limestone rocks.
Jour. Straiti Branch
NEW OR RARE MALAYAN PLANTS. 35
PI. parviflora.
Leaves lanceolate acuminate 2 glabrous thin 5 nerved
narrowed to a long petiole 12-16 inches long 1£ inch
wide. Scape lateral from the rhizome, rather stout 2
feet long, scurfy pubescent, flowers distant few, small.
Pedicel and ovary \ inch long. Closely scurfily
pubescent. Sepals narrow linear oblong cuspidate T 3 7
inch long. Petals subspathulate narrower. Lip base
oblong, limb broader ovate oblong cuspidate, with two
short linear ridges on the limb. Column tall, anther
cordate in outline, top fleshy retuse.
Sarawak : Mt. Lingga (Hewitt).
Allied to PL Porphyrophylla, Ridl. but the flowers
are much smaller and the lip of a different shape.
Saccolabinm aureum, n. sp.
Stem about 2 inches long. Leaves crowded lorate 3
inches long little more than £ inch wide thick, apex very
unequally bilobed, tops rounded. Racemes 1 inch long
dense flowered. Bracts lanceolate acuminate £ the length
of the pedicel and ovary. Flowers £ inch long pale
greenish yellow or golden yellow, spur white. Upper
sepal ovate acute, laterals ovate oblong mucronulate.
Petals as long oblong obtuse narrower. Lip ovate
rather longer than the sepals, sides elevated rounded
(lateral lobes) terminal lobe narrower half the length of
the hypochil, linear oblong, ending in a fleshy rounded
callus spur as long as the lip nearly as long as the pedi-
cel stout cylindric obtuse upcurved. Column very short
with two much longer erect horns acute. Anther skull-
shaped with a very large oblong truncate beak. Polli-
nia 2 globose small on an oblong linear pedicel with a
much larger oblong truncate disc bearing a short process
beyond the point where the pedicel adheres.
Sarawak : Kuching (J. Hewitt).
This curious species is most nearly allied to S. $ecundi-
florum, Ridley.
B.A.Soc. No. 49, 1907.
36 NEW OR RARE MALAYAN PLANTS.
S. brachyslachys, n. sp.
Stem short, 4 inches long very thick. Leaves lorate
coriaceous, thick 8 inches long, \\ inch wide, deep green,
apex bluntly unequally lobed. Panicles short 3 branch-
ed, branches 1 inch long many flowered. Bracts very
short ovate acute. Sepals oblong obtuse £ inch long.
Petals shorter narrower linear, all yellow with a central
reddish bar. Lip, side lobes large oblong ending in a
cusp, midlobe ovate obtuse violet, spur short rounded
Bcrotiform white, a broad oblong fleshy bar over the
mouth of the spur, and a short conic boss in the centre
of the lip between the side lobes. Column thick, wings
incurved white, anther broad long-beaked. Pollinia
elliptic curved, on a long linear pedicel with a small disc.
Sarawak : Tambusan, fl. H. B. S. 1905.
This plant is not rarely brought from Sarawak by
native collectors.
S. validum.
Roots copious thick corky, stem stout 4 inches long £
inch through. Leaves coriaceous lorate 6 inches long |
inch through unequally bilobed. Panicles from lower
axils 9 inches long slender, peduncle 3 inches long,
branches 2, upper one longest. Flowers numerous but
remote. Bracts ovate acute small. Pedicels £ inch
long. Sepals lanceolate subacute. Petals much small-
er, dull yellow, with reddish purple blotching in centre.
Lip shorter, spur nearly as long as the ovary straight
cylindric blunt, side lobes short oblong rhomboid blunt,
midlode longer, short ovate fleshy callus in mouth of
spur fleshy quadrate large decurved. No septum in
spur or callus. Column short, anther 4 celled ovate.
Pollinia transversly bilobed, pedicel oblong linear, disc
oblong truncate column wings short incurved. Rostei-
lum arms horizontal oblong truncate with a minute pro-
cess at the upper edge.
Perak : Kamuning (Machado) July 10, 1905.
Certainly allied to S. pallidus.
Jour. Stralta Branch
NEW OR RARE MALAYAN PLANTS. 37
S- fisticorSy n. sp.
Stem 4 or 5 inches long. Leaves linear oblong round-
ed emarginate at the lip 4-5 inches long 1 inch across
rather thickly coriaceous. Raceme 10 inches long very
slender, peduncle 6 inches long purple. Bracts very
small ovate. Flowers rather distant small. Rachis
faintly black scurfy. Occasionally one branch near the
base. Pedicel and ovary \ inch Ions; bright yellow
green. Sepals ovate oblong, ^\ inch long blunt dark
red brown. Petals narrower linear similarly colored.
Lip side lobes small erect truncate yellowish, midlobe
cordate acute, notched on either side, violet with centre
and edges white. Spur nearly as long as the pedicel
parallel to it or deflexed cylindric slightly flatened,
violet, an oblong recurved fleshy lamina truncate in the
mouth, spur not divided. Column rather tall violet,
wings obscure. Anther white scull shaped truncate
emarginate in fruit. Poliinia flattened globose orbicular,
2 bilobed, pedicel, flat, narrowed above and below,
slightly dilate in the middle, disc very small oblong.
Rostellom lobes short oblong truncate with deflexed
points. Stigma cordate.
Perak : Kamuning (A. D. Machado). Flowered
Singapore Botanic Gardens 1906, December.
This is near 6*. ScorUchinii, but has the habit of
Spevsile, Ridl.
Trichoglotti8 punctata, n. sp.
Stem slender branched 18 inches long, sheaths ribbed
1 inch long, leaves narrowly lanceolate acuminate 4
inches long J-£ inch wide, narrowed at the base.
Racemes £ inch long few flowered, 1 or 2. Flower \ inch
fleshy, upper sepal oblong obtuse, laterals deltoid tri-
angular. Petals oblong obtuse. Lip adnate to the column
at the base, very fleshy, shorter than the sepals, base
oblong channelled hardly spur-like, but excavate, below
the column a linear flat lamina obtuse entire, apex
B. A. Soc., >'o. to, 1907.
■ **'.
38 NEW OR RARE MALAYAN PLANTS.
bilobed dilate lobes rounded with obscure fleshy process-
es projecting from the tip, behind two horn like side
processes, all glabrous column thick, anther skull-shaped
shortly beaked in front. Stelidia thick subtriangular,
rostellum very Bhort and indistinct. Pollinia not seen.
" Flowers yellow with red brown spots on the inside
and reddish edging outside."
Sarawak : Lingga (J. Hewitt).
Only one specimen with a single flower seen.
Near Tr. lanceolaria, Bl. but the spur is less develop-
ed, the lip is distinctly bifid at the tip.
Sarcochilus fragrans, n. sp.
Stem 3 inches long. Leaves 9 linear lanceolate sub-
falcate narrowed at the base 6 inches long one inch
wide, dull green coriaceous. Scape 5 inches long, sub-
terete winged. Bracts persistent ovate J inch long
green. Flowers open three at a time. Pedicels \ inch
long. Upper sepal orbicular obovate, lo*rer ones much
larger £ inch long orbicular ovate. Petals small \ inch
long spathulate all white with a transverse line of one
or 2 ocreous blotches. Lip | inch long, side lobes
oblong rounded, spur shoe-shaped narrowed to a blunt
point, with a raised boss or tooth in the upper face, calli
in the mouth three, 2 longer than the median one short
blunt tooth-like. Lip all white except an ocre blotch
below the mouth. Column short, with a long foot,
white with an indian red bar on each side of the foot
running up and meeting behind the column. Anther
broad and 'flat, thin ovate shortly beaked. Pollinia 2
globular bilobed, pedicel very short, disc oblong lanceo-
late small. Clinandrium shallow. Rostellum bifid of
two linear processes, column wings incurved. This pretty
and deliciously fragrant orchid was found on a coffee-
bush on Matang estate. It is allied to S. unguiculatu6,
but very distinct.
Jour. btr*iti Branch
NEW OR BARE MALAYAN PLANTS. 39
S. ittllatus, n. sp.
Stem thick 3 inches long. Leaves 6 oblong obtuse
unequally bilobed 4 inches long and one inch across,
thick and stiff. Racemes £ inch long. Bracts small
orate. Flowers expanded, ovary and pedicel £ inch
long, sepals ^ inch long spreading oblong acute pale
greenish yellow. Petals smaller linear oblong acute.
Lip £ inch long, side lobe oblong rounded broad yellow-
ish, with dull Indian red and ovate markings inside,
spur short blunt white, a large rounded callus just below
the lobes white with 2 violet spots. Column longer
than the foot £inch long yellow, anther thin ovate acute,
with a bar-shaped rib across the top. Pollinia semilinear
yellow, pedicel linear short, disc small oblong. Clinan-
drium very shallow. Rostellum lobes short broad
triangular. Capsule sessile oblong an inch long.
Sarawak: cult, in Bifchop Hose's Garden exactlocality
uncertain, Sept. 1905. A pretty little plant with its
green starlike flowers. The pollinia curl forward and
hang into the stigma. The plant appears to be thus
regularly self-fertilized.
Dendrocolla fimbriate, n. sp.
Stems 1^-1 inch long forming large tufts. Leaves
lorate 3 inches long £ inch wide pale green. Scapes 2
inches long, rachis thickened. Flowers white. Sepals
lanceolate, lower ones oblong lanceolate acute with a
process at the base. Petals lanceolate spathu-
late smaller. Lip convolute acute pubescent, side lobes
distinct rounded, median linear obtuse all white and
fringed with hairs, a callus short oblong truncate in the
centre of the lip maroon edged with yellow a tuft of
hairs behind it, an orange spot in the spur. Column
short white, broad belly dcpiessed in the centre, foot
short. Clinandrium not raised. Anther skull-shaped
retuse in front broad. Pollinia pale yellow oblong on
a short triangular disc, no pedicel. Rostellum short
indistinct.
B A Hoc., No. 19, 1007
40 NEW OR RAKE MALAYAN PLANTS.
Sarawak, on trees near the race course Sept. 1905
(Ridley and Hewitt).
Allied to 3. trichoglottie, Hook. fil. which occurs there
too, conspicuously different 'in its white flowers, and
the lobed lip. A very pretty little plant, and fragrant.
Goodyera roitrala, n. sp.
Stem a foot tall. Leaves narrowly lanceolate slightly
falcate acuminate at both ends and distinctly petiolate,
5 inches long including the petiole (1 inch) sheaths
short papery.
Raceme (in bud only) rather crowded. Bracts \ inch
long lanceolate acuminate. Pedicel hairy short.
Sepals hairy red, upper one lanceolate, base gibbous,
adnate to the thin pale petals, laterals connate ovate
hairy blunt red. Lip shorter, base thin saccate equall-
ing the rather long curved beak, red, glabrous inside
with no calli.
Column short with small rounded side wings. Anther
very long beaked. Anther cells gibbous. Beak curved
cylindric acute longer than the sepals.
Rostellum entire large spathulate, truncate, base
narrowed dilated upwards into broad wings, shorter
than the anther, minutely pustular with a strong rib up
the centre.
Sarawak : Lingga, (J. Hewitt).
Differs from Grubens Bl. in the long beaked lip and
entire broad winged labellum, and narrow leaves.
Uabenaria pelorioides, Rchb. fil. Trans. Linn. Soc. XXX. p. 139.
Tab. 27.
This plant was described from a specimen, obtained
in Amherst, Tenasserim by Parish. The specimen,
in Herb. Kew seems to be very ill-preserved, and it is
suggested that it is an abnormal form, of some other
species. Mr. Micholitz has recovered what appears to
be the identical species in Tonkin. It was he says
abundant and I have three good specimens. In habit
Jour, tttraita BroucU
NEW OR RARE MALAYAN PLANTS, 41
foliage and perianth it is absolutely identical with
Reihenbach's figure except that it has a short distinct
conical spur to the lip, pendant, about half the length
of the petal. The column however differs. From the
side of the anther projects a triangular flap, about half
its length at the base, behind this is a papillose stigma.
The rostellar lobes are broad inflexed fleshy truncate as
long as the anther processes. The pollinia are more
pyriform with long narrow pedicels widest at the apex
and narrowing to a terete-portion ending in a small
rounded disc. The flowers are white. The plant was
obtained from Tonkin.
The species seems to be a good and distinct one, and
I see nothing to suggest it is a monstrosity. The spur
varies very much in length in the various flowers, and in
some I cannot see any. In others very short not a
quarter of the length of the petal. The minute ciliation
of the lip and petals by Reichenbach is really a very
minute denticulation.
//. geniculate*,, Don. this fine white Habenaria was
also brought by Mr. Micholitz from the same locality.
Habenaria borneemis, n. sp.
Whole plant 6 inches to a foot tall, tubers subcylin-
dric. Leaves crowded at the base of the stem, lanceolate
acuminate 3 inches long \ inch wide glabrous bright
green drying black. Raceme 9 inches or less, floriferous
nearly to the base. Flowers very numerous crowded
green. Bracts narrow lanceolate acuminate with a long
point, keeled and the lowest 3 nerved, lower ones longer,
much longer than the flowers. Sepals upper ovate lan-
ceolate obtuse I inch long, lower narrower lanceolate.
Petals broader ovate obtuse. Lip trifld, central lobe
linear fleshy obtuse as long as the petals lateral lobes
filiform more than three times as long with a broad flat
base, spur thick cylindric about as long as the petals,
tip bilobed. Column small. Anther short. Arms very
small. Ovary ^ inch long, narrow.
R. A. Soc. No. 49, 1907.
42 NEW OR RARE MALAYAN PLANTS.
Sarawak : Matang. In clay banks in the coffee estate
and on the path up the hill, Aug. 1905. (No 12475).
Habenaria roseata, n. sp.
Stem slender 2 feet tall. Leaves distant few, linear
acute 3 inches long £-£ inch wide dull glaucous green
sheathing at the base, upper one narrower and more
acuminate. Raceme lax about 8 flowered. Bracts \ inch
long lanceolate acuminate. Ovary and pedicel £ inch, not
twisted, ovary narrowed upwards. Flower reversed.
Upper sepals ovate obtuse boat-shaped forming a gaba
with the oblong petals £ inch long pale pink. Lateral
sepals oblique ovate obtuse strongly 3 ribbed spreading.
Lip tufted to the base lobes narrow linear white median
longest \ inch long. Spur £ inch long slender obtuse
geniculate in the middle. Anther hooded nearly as long
as the petals, arms rather long abruptly upcurred.
Pollinia pyriform small with a very long slender pedicel.
Stigmatic processes on the side of the anther distinct
pustular. Stigmas porrect thick fleshy clubbed flat on
the inner face. Rostellum trilobed erect, side lobes very
short, midlobe linear pustular.
Siam at Trang (Cult. H. B. Penang, 1906).
This slender plant with pale rose flowers is allied to
//. Vidua Parx. Rchb. f. a native of Tenasserim figured
Trans. Linn. Soc. XXX. t. 27 B. The structure of the
rostellum and stigmas is however different and the
leaves are much narrower.
SdTAMINEAE.
Globbajnsectifera, n. sp.
Stem slender 14 inches tall, with cylindric pubescent
sheaths lower ones reddish, 3 inches long, upper two
with very small green lanceolate acute laminas nearly £
inch long £ inch wide. Panicle of a few short, inch-
long branches. Bracts minute green oblong obtuse de-
ciduous. Flowers sessile, ovary short oblong pubescent.
Calyx tube £ inch long pubescent equally 3 toothed
Jour* Straits Branch
NEW OR RARE MALAYAN PLANTS. 43
tubular. Petals narrow linear, staminodes large and
conspicuous rounded ovate oblong £ an inch long, £ inch
across bright yellow.
Lip small very narrow linear bifid at the tip for
about i its length, yellow. Filament long slender,
inther orange with 4 equal triangular acuminate spurs.
Shan States, (Coll. Micholitz).
This very curious Globba came up in a plant of
Cypripedium bellatalum cultivated in the Botanic Gar-
dens. It is remarkable not only for its almost leafless
habit, which is seen in some others of the species from
this region, but especially from its very large staminode,
the most conspicuous part of the flower. The flowers
resemble some small yellow butterfly.
G. glandulosa, n. sp.
Stem 18 inches tall. Leaves lanceolate acuminate
caudate hispid 44 inches long, j inch wide narrowed at
base, sheath and ligule hairy. Panicle 2 inches long
slender with few short branches. Bracts ovate oblong
cuspidate glandular, £ inch long. Calyx funnel-shaped
with three equal lanceolate cuspidate leaves { of an inch
long glandular corolla-tube twice as long shortly pubes-
cent dilate upwards, lobes ovate obtuse dotted all over
with glands. Staminodes linear much shorter. Lip short
and broad half as long as the petals, bilobed lobes
broad rounded. Filament rather stout. Anther with a
single rather thick horn from near the base on each
side, ovary glabrous ribbed.
Sarawak : Mt. Lingga (Hewitt).
Flowers light purple or red. Leaves with a red brown
tinge on the under surface. The most curious thing
about this species is the glandular dotting of the whole
of the perianth, petals staminodes lip and filament.
The hairy leaves and very short broad lip are also pecu-
liar point 8.
B. A. 8oc, No. 49, 1907.
44 NEW OR RARE MALAYAN PLANTS.
Camptandra ovata, n. sp.
Stems solitary 3-6 inches long the base covered
with oblong lanceolate sheaths 1-2 inches long cuspi-
date. Leaves 2-3 ovate peltate acuminate inaequilater-
al, base rounded, l£-3£ inches long f-2 inches wide,
petiole slender 1-1 £ inch long, sheath less than half
the length. Peduncle £-1 inch long subterminal erect.
Bract £-1 inch long urnshaped with a recurved tip
orbicular when spread out and an inch across. Flowers
2-3, nearly sessile. Calyx tubular dilated upwards
shortly 3 lobed lobes blunt £ inch long. Corolla tube
slightly longer than the bract, lobes pale blue or white
4 inch long blunt. Capsule oblong f inch long grey
thin walled punctate and blotched brown, seeds several
fusiform obtuse dark grey with a thin white fimbriate
aril.
Selangor : Hulu Semangkok at about 4000 feet eleva-
tion, first collected by Mr. Burn Murdoch in February
and later by myself in August 1904.
This is a much smaller plant than C. latifolia which
in general form it resembles.
II. licmeres, n. sp.
Stem apparently tall. Leaves oblong lanceolate cus-
pidate narrowed to the base 20 inches long 2£ inches
wide, glabrous, ligule oblong rounded on the top J inch
long.
Bracts papery linear acute, tips pubescent, 1£ inch
long | inch wide. Inner bracts spathaceous narrow,
tip pubescent. Calyx, tube narrow-spathaceous 2
inches long, tips of lobes silky hairy. Corolla, tube
little longer, lobes linear obtuse red, about an inch long.
Lip much shorter a^out I inch long, lateral lobes erect
convolute, midlobe with u narrow claw ending in a
broader triangular bi-lobcil or hastate thicker limb.
Anther not distinctly crested.
Sarawak : Kuching (Hewitt}.
Jour. Straitt Branth
NEW OR RARE MALAYAN PLANTS. 45
Taccace.e.
Tacca borneetms, n. sp.
A large tufted plant with the habit of T. cristaia.
Leaves ovate acuminate, petiole 6 inches or more long,
blade 24 inches long, 9 inches across glabrous nerves
about 9 pairs primary distant ascending one intramar-
ginal running to the tip, margin undulate. Scape stout
6 inches long. Involucral bracts 4, subequal and similar,
ovate sessile obtuse opposite pubescent on the back 2£
inches long 1£ inch wide, the two inner ones shortly
petioled. Filamentous bracts rather short.
Flowers smaller than those of T. cristata purple. Sepals
oblong slightly narrowed at the base apex rounded.
Petals ovate acute mucronate, \ inch long. Stamens, with
very short but distinct filament, anthers ovate base
retuse, stigma, too-much crushed. Ovary and pedicel ^
inch.
Borneo : Sarawak on Matang, (Ridley.)
The broad ovate leaves of this plant would be quite
sufficient to distinguish it from T. cristata. The involu-
cral bracts too are very distinct, the outer ones broadly
ovate, the inner ones narrowed slightly at the base, and
all minutely and scantily pubescent. The flowers are
smaller and the stamens more distinctly stalked.
T. laevis var. minor.
Differs from the description of the type in its gener-
ally smaller size. It has an erect cylindric stem 1£
inches long, leaves elliptic acuminate bright green 6
inches long 4 inches wide, petiole as long. Scape 6
inches or less deflexed or hardly ascending. Involucral
bracts outer ones lanceolate acuminate an inch long,
wide, inner ones ovate acuminate as long but much
wider all olive green. Bracteoles filiform 5 inches long
dusky tips paler flowers few pedicels thick purplish |
inch long. Perianth J inch across. Petals oblong tri-
angular acuminate brownish green, spreading. Sepals
erect about half the width. Stamens purple 6.
R. A. Soc., No. 40, 1007.
46 NEW OR RARE MALAYAN PLANTS.
Fruit 1 J inch long green, 3 keeled to the sepals a
ridge representing each petal.
Kelantan : Kwala Lebir (Dr. Gimlet te.)
T. vespertilio, n. sp.
Stem short as in T. cristata, leaves numerous elliptic
lanceolate long petioled, petiole sheathing 2 inches 6-8
inches long stout smooth lamina 12 inches long or less
6 inches across base rounded, usually unequal, one side
further decurrent on the petiole than the other, tip
acuminate margin minutely wavy, bright polished
green above paler beneath, nerves conspicuous elevated
beneath. Scape over a foot long smooth. Involucral
bracts, 2 outer ones short lanceolate acuminate 1£ inch
long by £ inch purple tipped green, 2 inner ones sessile
ovate at right angles to the others brown purple 2
inches long 1£ inch wide, margins wavy all glabrous.
Flowers few 3-5. Filiform bracts 7 inches long about
12, base purple tips white Pedicels stout purple 1 inch
long. Perianth tube campanulate purple £ inch. Sepals
lanceolate acute purplish -\ inch. Petals broader
oblong ovate obtuse. Stamens shortly pedicelled fila-
ments short but distinct. Anther conic, retuse at base
lobes excurved. Stigma peltate with three lobes retuse,
plaits more deeply cut than in T. cristata.
Perak : Kamuning (Machado) fl. H. B. S. November.
This has flowered twice in the Botanic Gardens and
is a very distinct plant in the matter of the large bracts,
the two inner ones much larger than the outer ones and
spreading like the wings of a bat.
SlLIACEiE.
Chlorophytum longissimum, n. sp.
Rhizome stout short 2-3 inches long. Leaves tufted,
lanceolate acuminate narrowed at the base subpetiolate
7 inches long 1£ inch wide glabrous dark green. Raceme
deflexed at first 8 inches long terete, with distant alter-
on?. Straits Branch
NEW OR RARE MALAYAN PLANTS. 47
nate flowers l£ inch apart. Bracts lanceolate acuminate
1 inch long narrow. Pedicel shorter. Flower about 1
inch across, sepals and petals widely spreading similar
lanceolate oblong narrow acute, pure white. Stamens
connivent, filaments terete acuminate white longer than
the anthers Ovary 3 lobed yellow, style as long as the
anthers, stigma minute, white. After producing a few
flowers the receme elongates to about 6 feet trailing on
the ground, and bears bulbils.
Siam : Trang (St. V. B. Down, and Penan g Gardens
Collectors.)
Aroidea.
Criptocoryne striolata var. covdifolia.
In streams on Siul hill near Ruching (Sept. 1905).
I believe this is a variety of C. striolata but the leaves
are ovate blunt, more deeply cordate, almost auricled.
The flower spathe was purple. It grew with Cr. grandis
Ridl. which has a yellow spathe.
JIapaline appendiculata, n. sp.
Leaves one or more, always few, erect ovate acute
hastate, lower lobes lanceolate, sinus narrow, light green
with curved ascending nerves 4 inches long, 2 inches
across of which the lobes are 1 inch long petiole white
1£ inch long. Spadices several, entirely pure white,
peduncle slender 1£ inch long white. Spathe linear
acuminate 1 inch long very narrow hardly J inch across
at the base, base convolute round the base of the
spadix. Base of spadix adnate to the tube of the
spathe, with 3 flask-shaped shortly stalked pistils on
the opposite side. Stigma capitate yellowish. Male
flowers few very irregular in shape the lowest oblong
the others smaller, rounded. Appendage long filiform
acuminate slender longer than the spathe.
Sarawak : at Puak, in woods. (H. N. Ridley).
B. A. Soc., No. 40, 1907.
48 NEW OR RARE MALAYAN PLANTS.
This very curious little plant is the first species of
the genus recorded from Borneo, the other two species
being natives of Nepal and Kedah. This little plant
is remarkable for possessing a very narrow spathe and
a long slender appendage with no trace of flowers on it,
and only a few irregular male flowers on the base. In
the other species the male flowers occur to the top or
• nearly to the top of the spadix and the appendage is
very short. The slender white spadices are usually
deflexed and lie on the ground, looking like whitw roots.
A locaBia Villeneuvei.
This aroid is very common in Sarawak especially on
the hills of Matang and elsewhere, and the plants
often attain a large size. The flowers of it have never
been described. I was fortunate in finding it well in
flower in August 1905. The peduncle of the inflor-
escence is 6 inches or more tall but deeply sunk in the
petiole sheaths, it is pale green in colour. The spathe
is pure white, the swollen part of the base H inch long
and nearly an inch in diameter. The ovate lanceolate
acute and cuspidate limb is 2£ inches long and 1£ inch
wide white. The spadix is sessile 4 inches long. The
pistils subglobose with the stigmas on a short thick
distinct style. They are round, oblong or ovate|aud wide
white. There are no abortive flowers mixed with them
as is often the case in other species. Above them are
some abortive female flowers. The male portion
appears above the tube, it is only half an inch long
the flowers close packed crenulate. The appendix is
cylindric and obtuse reticulate, cream colored. The
fruiting spadices are white. The spadices shortly after
opening were found to be swarming with dipterous
larvae. In large plants the inflorescences are numerous.
Alocnsia Beccarii, Engler.
Is an anomalous species in many ways, in its
creeping rhizome and entire leaves. I found it as
before on Serapi, the top of Mt. Matang. It was in
Jour. Straits Branch
NEW OK RAKE MALAYAN PLANTS. 49
fruit, and I observed that instead of the tubular portion
of the spathe, covering the fruit, disrupting irregularly
as is usual in Alocasias, the top of it came off whole
in the shape of a small conical cap, exposing the orange
red fruit standing in a regular cap. In A. denudata
the spathe base disrupts irregularly,
Homalomena Linden i, Alocatda Lindeni, 111. Hort. 1886 p. 111,
PI. DCLII.
This plant was originally described (I.e.) under the
name of Alocasia Lindeni having been introduced from
" Papouasia " by Linden, who suggests that it may be a
Ilomalomena.
A plant obtained from Rangoon this year llowered in
the Botanic Gardens Singapore, and proved to be a
species of Ilomalomena. The leaves are ovate cordate
6 inches long and as wide, deep green with yellow veins,
petiole 1 1 inches long sheathing for 3 inches, white.
The plant when cut or broken exhales a strong scent of
aniseed.
The spathes are produced several together each on
a greenish white peduncle 3-4 inches long, \ inch
thick. Spathe cylindrical 2£ inches long tightly
fitting the spadix, pale green darker towards the tip
where it ends in a mucro \ inch long. The spadix barely
longer sessile. Female portion 1 inch long, rachis
thick and white, pistils very numerous, cyliudric
rounded, green, stigma round flat capitate, broader than
the ovary, white, no abortive flowers. The male
portion cylindric slightly tapering at the tip, white,
flowers oblong, very numerous.
Ilomalomena multinervia, n. sp.
Leaves elliptic acuminate, slightly oblique, base
cuneate 8 inches long 3 J wide, nerves primary very
numerous, about 50 pairs, hardly distinct from the
secondary ones, petiole rather slender 4-5 inches long.
Spathes thick 3 inches long constricted above the
E. A. Soc, No. 49, 1907.
♦4
60 NEW Oil HAKE MALAYAN PLANTS.
female portion with a long slender mucro, J- J inch
long, peduncle 3 inches long.. Spadix little shorter
than the spathe. Female portion an inch long. Pistils
numerous globose, no abortive flowers visible. Spadix
sessile.
Sarawak : Lundu (Ridley Sept. 1905).
The very close nervation of the leaves, which are also
thickly dotted with dark colored dots, and the large
constricted spadix distinguish this from allied species.
Homalomena Griffithii v&r.falcata.
Stem stout 2-3 inches long. Leaves long petiolcd
ovate with a broad base, apex falcate acute, nerves about
7 pairs 6 inches long 4 incties wide. Spathes several,
on slender red peduncles 1£ inch long; curved cyliudric
acuminate £ inch long, male and female portions of the
spadix equal. Female tlowcrs in 4 spirals.
Kuching: (Ridley 12417).
Schismatoglottia multijlora var. lati/olia.
Mr. Hewitt sends from the Sarawak Museum a speci-
men of a plant collected on Matang by Mr. Bartlett
July 21, 1895, which resembles *SV//. multiflora except
in the leaves which are much broader elliptic euneate
at the base, tip acuminate, 8 inches long 3 inches wide.
The flowers ill-preserved seem identical with those of
Sch. multijlora. I propose the variety lati/olia for it.
Sch. nervosa, n. sp.
Stem stout erect 2 inches long. Leaves ovate obtuso
cordate, lobes rounded, 7 inches long by 4 inches wide
dark shining green, nerves about 26 pairs conspicuous
gradually ascending, midrib channelled, above thick
elevated beneath, back of leaf pale, petiole 6 inches long
smooth green channelled above, sheathing for 3 inches,
sheath pale tapering upwards, thin spathe very shortly
£ inch, thickly peduncled, with a lanccate bract keeled,
2 inches long mucronate subtending it. Spathe green 3
jour. Htrailf Branch
NF.W OK UAKK MALAYAN PLANTS. 51
inches, limb lanceolate cuspidate as lung as the tube,
tube swollen at the Imsc then narrowed, Spadix 3 inches
long, male portion cylindric acute Ij inch long white
flowers similar to the tip. Below a narrowed portion,
female portion ^ inch cylindric dilated towards l«se, on
a stout short peduncle. Pistils very numerous small
cylindric oblong narrow in 13 spirals dilated above with
a small pulvinate stigma, no sterile flowers intci mixed.
Sarawak: Bau (Ridley). This plant brought alive
from Sarawak flowered in the Botanic Gardens in
Januarv 1907.
ISjttu&jHttJui rctnif'ot'htiii. n. sp.
Stein short suberect. Leaves narrowly elliptic, tip
rounded cuspidate, base cuneate 3 inches loner i inch
wide, nerves about five pail's ascending rather inconspi-
cuous, blade dark green minutely pustular, petiole
slender 2 inches long, sheathing about half an inch.
Peduncle 1 .J inches long, spathc absent. Fruiting spathe
turbinate \ inch long.
Sarawak : Mt. Lingga (.1. Hewitt') (July a single speci-
men was collected of this plant, and that only fruiting.
It seems however a distinct little species in its foliage,
though it must be admitted that as in most other aroids
the foliage of this genus is apt to vary very much. The
leaves in outline resemble a native boat-paddle.
Rii]*hvh»phufii ijfmi'Hfi n. sp.
Stem very long and stout over an inch through.
Leaves of climbing stem ovate obtuse cordate 4 inches
long 3 inches wide, shining light green, very closely im-
bricate. Leaves adult of free part of stem very large,
the blade 18 inches long 9 inches across or more, pinnati-
tid with subalternute lobes I to 3 nerved truncate broad-
ly, lower ones acute at the upper margin, secondary
nerves o to 9 between each pair of main nerves, trans-
verse nervules conspicuous when dry numerous undulate
petiole woody 6 inches or more long } \ inch through,
R. A. **., No. 49. W07.
52 NEW OK KARE MALAYAN PLANTS.
knee short. Spatbe peduncle stout woody 6 inches or
more long £ inch through, spadix sessile 6 inches long
\ inch through cylindric. Pistils oblong longer tban
broad. Stigma linear stamens projecting. Anther
cells ovoid.
Sarawak on big trees at Tambusan Sept. 1905. (Ridley
124U).
A fine plant either with its neat creeping stem, with
its overlapping oval leaves, or with its fine Monstera-
like full grown foliage.
R. clliptica, n. sp.
Stem slender woody branched, nodes an inch long, £
inch through when dry. Leaves remote elliptic inae-
quilateral narrowed at the base, acuminate rather
abruptly, glabrous thinly coriaceous drying black 4 to
9 inches long l-2£ inch wide, petiole slender 2-3^ inches
long. Spadix on a peduncle f inch long. Spathe
oblong acuminate boat-shaped 1£ inch long coriaceous.
Spadix sessile obtuse cylindric 1 inch long, £ inch
through. Pistils rounded hardly angled. Stigma
round-pul vinate.
Sarawak: Kuching (Hewitt) Oct. 3, 1905.
A Journey into the Interior of Borneo
to visit the Kalabit tribes.
By R. S. Douglas.
I propose to give a short account of a journey I recently
made to visit the Kalabits, a people who had only quite re-
cently acknowledged allegiance to the Sarawak Government,
and are quite one of the most uncivilized in Borneo.
The Kalabits, who are scientifically I believe of the
Indonesian race, are an agricultural people inhabiting the
large tableland in the centre of Borneo from which spring the
Baram, Tutau, Limbang, Trusan and Padas Rivers on the
West Coast and the Bahau River on the East Coast. They
are very industrious and are one of the few tribes who farm by
irrigation, and are therefore able to obtain two crops of paddy
in the year. They are practically the same race of people at
are known as Muruts in the Tzusan and Padas Districts.
In build they are above the average height of Bomean
natives and are well made. They are tremendous walkers (a
fact which is impressed on one by the size of their feet) and it
is said by Kayans that they are capable of walking in one day
what other people would take two days to accomplish. This
I can quite believe, as all getting about having to take place
on foot they are naturally very adept and hardy at this
method of progress. They have however absolutely no idea of
paddling or using a boat, and when they were first brought
down to the Government station at Claudetown, and saw the
Baram River, they sat down in the bottom of the Kayan canoes
and burst out crying, having never seen such an enormous
volume of water before.
As a lot of these people had just moved into the head of
the Tutau River I determined to proceed by this route, although
it meant crossing the Mulu Range of hills.
On the third day of my departure from the Government
Station at Claudetown I picked up Dyau Blawing, the Kenyan
joar. Straits Branch B. A. Soc, No. 49, 19U7.
54 INTERIOR OF BORNEO.
chief who was going to escort me on my journey. After
leaving his house, we proceeded on up the Tutau River till we
reached the Tepin River.
Here the river becomes impracticable for boats on account
of rapids, so the next day we started climbing up the hills,
which flank the river. We were met by a party of Punans,
the wild people who live in the jungle, who had been called by
Dyau Blawing to show us the route over the hills. The going
was very bad and fatiguing, as we had to clamber up and
down the spurs of Mt. Mulu until mid-day, when we reached
the foot of a hill called Bukit Sigerun Sigop, called so by the
Punans on account of the wild tobacco growing there (Sigop
being the Punan name for tobacco). We did not reach the
summit of this hill till 5 o'clock in the evening when we must
have been at least 5,000 feet up. I decided to encamp here
for the night, as we were all very tired and hungry. Cooking
was managed with difficulty as there was no water to be found
near the summit. It was lucky for us we had the Punans with
us, as they soon produced some liquid, which they had found
in a pig's bathing place and which therefore did not look veiy
appetising ; still beggars cannot be choosers, so we had to
make the best of it. It was bitterly cold all the night.
The next morning we started on the descent, and
when the mists had cleared away the view was perfectly
magnificent. At our feet in what seemed a crack in the hills,
flowed the Tutau River whilst all round hills towered up to some
thousands of feet. At midday we got through the range of
hills and from a spur had a still more beautiful view. Right
in front of us was the Kalabit country laid out like a map,
and as this tableland is comparatively flat, we could see for
miles and miles. Away to our right to the South, were the
hills in which rise the Pata and Akar rivers, tributaries of the
Baram. In front of us rose up Mts. Pamabo and Murud, which
separate the head waters of the Baram River from the Trusan ;
whilst on our left were the ranges which separate the Tutau
and Limbang waters.
In the afternoon we reached the Tutau River again at Long
Taoh and the next day continued our journey in some canoes
Jour, Straits Branch.
INTERIOR OF BORNEO.
56
we found there. We then branched off up, a tributary called the
Magoh and on the second day from leaving Long Taoh reached
the first Kalabit villages at the mouth of a small stream called
the Seridan. On our arrival we were saluted with salvoes of
firing from muskets and bedils and tremendous cheering, to
which we retaliated to the best of our ability. The chief Hi
Bawang received us at the landing place and a sort of
triumphal procession was made up to the house, where my
escort were regaled with * borak ' (rice beer) and smokes, to
refresh them after the fatigues of the journey.
The people of this village, who numbered some two
hundred souls, had quite recently moved here from near the
headwaters of the Trusan, and their chief, Hi Bawang, had
evidently taken a lesson from the dimensions of the long
Kavan houses in the Baram River as he had constructed a
splendid house on a scale hitherto unattempted by Kalabits,
whose dwellings are generally veritable hovels.
I append a sketch of the ground plan of the house.
IlKNCIi.
Vkimmiaii.
e
o
BAB
Private Room.
L B l±J B J
Private Room.
rasa age.
IFEIU
Private Room.
m
«
9
O
X
«
5
a
9
&
X
A Fireplace.
B Sleeping Bot.
A wall divided the house in two lengthwise ; the front
half was a wide verandah of about 20 feet whilst the back
part was divided up into rooms, each family having a separate
room. The dividing wall however did not extend to the back
wall of the house, as they do in Kayan and Dyak houses, thui
R. A. Soc., No. 49, 1907.
56 INTERIOR OF BORNEO.
leaving a passage, by which communication could be kept up
from one end of the house to the other, without it being neces-
sary to come out into the common verandah. This passage I
found was used by the women, who did not appear in the
verandah except on special occasions. In the centre of the
middle wall was erected an enormous fireplace and on either
side of this was a sort of kennel, in which the married
couples slept. These were not walled in on the side next the
fireplace, so as to get all the warmth possible, but of course as
there was no chimney, they also got their full amount of smoke,
and soot. The cold at night quite warranted these people
desiring a close proximity to the fire, and I found also that a
plunge into the river in the morning seemed as icy and as
exhilarating as a cold bath in England.
The next day all the Kalabits collected from the villages
round to the number of five or six hundred, and a grand feast
was held ; a buffalo and nine pigs were killed. I must admit
that although the feast was a fearful orgy, still I could not help
admiring the thoroughness with which these people enjoyed the
meal. They began to eat at about noon and did not stop doing
so until the evening and then only because there was nothing
more to eat. All that was left of that buffalo were its horns
and leg bones, which even Kalabit indigestion seemed to shy
at. The skin I found was being eaten with the hair still on
and evidently relished. Of the pigs nothing was left at all.
The meal being finished, some twenty jars of ' borak '
were produced and a drinking bout was started, which lasted
till day-light. Whilst this was going on, all the women, attiring
themselves in their best clothes and ranging themselves in a
long line one behind the other, clasping the shoulders of the
one in front, began to march round the house, up the verandah
and down the passage at the back and then out into the
verandah again. The leader of this procession suddenly
burst forth into song, whilst the others joined in the chorus,
keeping time with their feet. Although their voices were
rather raucous, still the song had a weird plaintive air, which
was decidedly fascinating, and to which the smoky torches and
wild faces made an impressive ' mise-en-scene' The song was
Jour, strait* Branch
'I
i -I
INTERIOR OF BORNEO. 57
a historical recitation of the brave deeds done by their fore-
fathers in the days of yore down to the present time, when they
first came into touch with Europeans and the Government.
The rhythm gradually got faster and faster until the march be-
came a quick-step and then a double, whilst the soloist kept
time by beating the floor with a stick. Presently the men got
carried away with enthusiasm and joined on to the line behind,
until there must have been a procession of over a hundred
performers careering round the house, shouting the choruses
at the top of their voices, but all keeping tune and time. The
song then suddenly ceased, and the men returned to their
drinking and the women to their duties in the rooms.
The next morning I went and visited the villages near by,
but was not much impressed by their appearance as the hduses
seemed horrid dirty hovels. At one of these villages I saw
the people having a rat hunt. All the men, women and
children armed with sticks were engaged in turning over the
heaps of rubbish and filth accumulated under the house in
search of the wily rodent, which is considered a great delicacy
bv the Ka la bits. Whenever a rat was seen, there was a
tremendous * view halloa' and the whole crowd flung them-
selves violently into the chase, frequently whacking one
another in their attempts to slaj their prey. They also lay
very ingenious traps made of bamboo and rattan, all over their
houses to catch them.
I was verv much struck with the industry of the women :
they never seem to stop working and never shield themselves
from the sun bv means of sun-hats or head handkerchiefs.
They wear a short skirt reaching to the knee just like the Dyak
women. They are great smokers and aie continually using a
sort of brass cigarette holder, into which they stuff" a little
tobacco and puff away for a few minutes.
These people store their paddy in one large hut, which is
raised off the ground some six feet, to prevent rats and other
pests climbing up. Inside, this hut is divided into separate
rooms for the different owners.
That night another meeting was held and all the different
chiefs proclaimed their loyalty to the Sarawak Government.
R. A. *»e.. No. 4i>. l«U7.
. ■ r
58 INTERIOR OF BORNEO.
Dyau Blawing then toasted the Kalabit chief Hi Bawang
to the rousing tune of the Kayan drinking song which with its
rolling chorus was much appreciated by the Kalabits. Opportu-
nity is taken during these extempore songs to tell the in-
dividual who is toasted the customs of civilized Government
and to make certain trite remarks as to his former life and
conduct, which he must now reform.
After this was over they settled themselves down to
drinking, in which occupation every night was spent during
our visit there. I noticed that when a drink was offered to any
man, all the people near by caught hold of the arm of the
giver, those further off catching hold of the arms of those
nearer, thus making the drink appear to come from all of them
and so the harder to refuse. If a chief was being offered one
it often happened that some thirty or forty persons would collect
round him to assist in forcing the liquor down his throat.
The Kalabits were the most generous of hosts, and whilst
we stayed with them we wanted for nothing in the way of
food, and every day presents of fowls, eggs, sugarcane and
sweet potatoes were brought to us. They seemed genuinely
pleased to see us and compared favourably their life under the
Government to their former one further in the interior, with its
constant alarms of war and rumours of war.
On the fourth day I received their poll tax, and, as dollars
or coins of any sort were unknown in these regions, it had to be
paid in rubber ; every married man therefore paid in three
katties of rubber.
The next day we started on our return journey. We
were escorted down to the landing place by the whole popula-
tion, and amidst the banging of guns and repeated expressions
of * au revoir * and wishes for a safe journey, and the usual
accompaniment of cheering, we started down-river.
Our return was very different from the journey up ; there
was no hard poling and pulling up rapids, for with our experi-
enced boatmen, these were shot with ease in quick succession.
At midday we reached the mouth of the Magoh River and
here I had arranged for a meeting of all the Punan tribes who
range through the dense jungle round here. We found about
Jour. Straits Branch
INTERIOR OF BORNEO. 59
fifty of these strange wild people awaiting our arrival. They
live entirely on the produce of the jungle. Wild sago and
fruit constitute the greater part of their food. When they
find a clump of wild sago they encamp there until it is finished
and then move on in search of more. They work the sago in
the usual way by felling the trunk and then splitting it in two,
then the pith is scooped out with a piece of bamboo tied on to
the end of a stick. The end of the bamboo is scraped until it
presents a sharp edge which easily works through the soft
pith.
Their chief weapon of offence and defence is the deadly
blowpipe, from which they shoot out poisoned darts. With
these they kill pig and deer, and even rhinoceros have been
known to die from the effects.
We spent the night at Long Taoh, as Dyau Blawing had
decided to attempt to shoot the rapids below here, the water
being just the right height to enable us to do so ; as if the
water is too high the waves are so big that a canoe could not
stand them ; whilst if the water is too low the sharp edged
rocks show up, making it too dangerous to proceed.
This was a great piece of luck, as it saved us making the
ascent of Bukit Sigerun Sigop again, and thereby we gained
a day, to say nothing of escaping the trouble and labour of the
climb. Besides this we had the exciting experience of shoot-
ing the dangerous rapids through the gorge, about which I had
heard so much : and was glad of having the chance of seeing
them.
We started early the next morning and soon got to the
mouth of the gorge, where two spurs of the mountains, one
from each side, run down to the river and form a narrow gate-
away about twenty yards broad. As the river above this place is
about a hundred yards in width, it can be imagined the pace at
which the water pours through this narrow neck. We held
on to the rocks here whilst the appearance of the water below
was examined. It was a wonderful sight looking down the
gorge. The river ran pretty straight at first and one could
see for about a mile the water pouring down between cliffs,
which rose perpendicular to the height of two "or three hundred
R. A. Hoc., No. 49, 1W7.
60 INTERIOR OF BORNEO.
feet. The man in the bow of the canoe, apparently being
satisfied with the state of the water, pronounced that the
passage was possible and with a final injunction to sit still and
hold tight, we let go and started off. Then ensued one of the
most exciting times I have ever experienced. For five
hours we simply Hew down between those cliffs, without a
single stroke of the paddle to assist us, except a quick touch
every now and then from the men in the bows and stern to keep
the boat straight or to avoid a rock or whirlpool. It was
breathless work and nobody seemed inclined to speak, but all
attention seemed to be strained as to what was going to
appear round this corner or that rock. On we dashed between
those grim cliffs on which there was absolutely no foothold
to be gained if the boat happened to upset. It gave one the
idea of what one would imagine the river Lethe (Long
Balek Mati, the River of Death, as the Kayans call it)
to be like ; although the sun was shining brightly above us still
it was chilly and dull down in the gorge between the grey lime-
stone cliffs, whilst the mountains towered thousands of feet
above us, and absolute silence reigned, except for the hiss of
the rushing waters; and no sign of life was visible.
Just before noon a small cleft in the cliffs on the left bank
appeared, where the Maap stream tumbles down a valley be-
tween the hills and manages to burst its way through the rocks.
This being the first place when it was possible to obtain a foot-
hold, we got out and ate a hurried lunch, the water and weather
being closely watched, as a heavy shower of rain would have
caused the river to rise several feet and we should have
been caught in a trap, unable to proceed up or down-river.
Happily luck was still with us, and having finished our meal, we
continued our career downstream. After about an hour we
heard the roar of waves, which warned us that we were
approaching a large rapid, and we quickly pulled into the
bank, where, luckily, the cliffs were broken down, and, the
pilot having pronounced that it was impossible to shoot
this rapid, we carried all our luggage and hauled our canoes
over the rocks to a place below the rapid. This proved
very hard work as some of the rocks were thirty to forty
Jour. Straits Branch
INTERIOR OF BORNEO. 61
feet high, ami in one place where there was no way between
the rocks, we had to pull the boats up the perpendicular face
and let them down again the other side, dangling onto the ends
of rattans. This process was repeated four times before we
got through the gorge and reached our old encampment at
Long Tepin, so it can be understood that we were very hungrv
and tired.
Each one of us, I think, heaved u sigh of relief when we
got through the gorge and had left those gi im grey cliffs be-
hind ; and for myself I am sure that, although the journey was
a unique and exciting experience, still 1 have no immediate wish
to repeat it. The grimness and solitude to which I have already
referred were too awe-inspiring to make it exactly enjoyable.
How it affected my followers was shown by the fact that, al-
though the Kenyahs are iuveterate smokers and are never
without a cigarette between their lips, not one of them had
touched tobacco the whole of that day.
What also struck me was the terrifie pace at which the
water ran through the gorge, and although I have been up
rapids in the Baram Kiverand up all its larger tributaries, still
I have never seen the pace equalled. It is accounted for by the
fact that the greater portion of the gorge is never more than
about 40 yards broad, and the cliffs on either side are*worn so
smooth that there is absolutely no resistance aquainst this large
volume of water. The natives aptly resemble it to " pouring
water through a bamboo." When we had reached Long Taoh,
we were much troubled with the rubber which I had received
as tax from] the Kalabits, as it loaded the canoes down too much
to enable them to go safely through the gorge. Dyau Blawing
persuaded me to allow them to despatch it in the way they sent
their rubber through, when they had been trading with the
Puuans. I reluctantly agreed, and it was immediately strung
piece by piece on to a long rattan until it made a huge rope
about f>0 yards long ; it was then wound up in a gigantic ball
about 9 feet in diameter, just like one winds up a ball of
worsted. Just before we started this ball of rubber was pushed
into mid-stream ; Dyau Blawing promising that I should find it
on the morrow ashore on a gravel bank near the Iman River.
R. A. Sot., No. 49, 1907.
62 INTERIOR OF BORNEO.
On our passage through the gorge nothing had been seen of the
rubber, so my anxiety was great. But on the morning after leav-
ing Long Tepin, we reached Long Iman, and there, sure enough,
on the gravel bank was the ball of rubber which proved to be
none the worse for its rapid voyage. I was assured that this
had been done hundreds of times with rubber and it always
fetched up at Long Iman, even if it was occasionally detained
by rocks or whirlpools. Once a ball of rubber stuck in the
gorge for 6 months and its owners gave it up for lost ; but it
eventually turned up rather battered and broken at Long
Iman.
From here homewards there was nothing of interest in my
journey, and after leaving Dyau Blawing and his escort at their
village, I proceeded on and reached Claudetown after an
absence of seventeen days, the return journey having only
taken four days.
It. 8. Douglas.
Note : — The term * Lung ' which is used, is a Kayan word meaning the
mouth of a river. Thus Long Taoh and so forth.
STRAITS BRANCH, ROYAL ASIATIC SOCIETY.
Journal 4S. Plate I.
Notes on the capture of a rare Leathery
Turtle {'Dermochelys coriacea) in
Johore waters.
C. Boden Kloss, f.z.s.
Whilst residing at Johore Bahru in 190."> a specimen of
rhe rare Leathery Turtle (Dcrmoch'lys coriucea t L.) was
brought to uie by Malay fishermen who had found the reptile
entangled in their fishing stakes at Kanipong Batu Jawa in the
Johore Strait on March 1 1th of that year.
According to their account of its capture, for several days
previously, the screens and nets of their kelony had been
broken and torn by some unknown agency that at length, at
day-break of that morning, proved to be an immense turtle of
a kind unknown to them which had entangled itself beyond
escape in the material of the damaged fis-h-trap. For a time
they were at a loss to know how to dispose of their unwieldy
capture, but finally brought out a large lighter which, filling
with water, they sank beneath the turtle ; then by baling out
the water, the latter was soon reposing on the bottom of the
dry boat, where unfortunately it shortly expired and was left
exposed to the heat of the sun's rays until it reached me at
three o'clock in the afternoon.
Getting it ashore was an operation of some difficulty for
it was impossible to grip the creature in any way, and it was
not until I had collected a gang of ten Chinese coolies fur-
nished with poles and ropes that it was finally lifted from the
boat and up the steps of the sea-wall.
The weight of this turtle — a male — I estimated as be-
tween nine hundred and one thousand pounds and the principal
measurements taken were as follows.
Total length in straight line from tip of
head to tip of tail ... ... ... 234 cms. (7 ft. 8 in.)
Extreme breadth of carapace ... ... 84 ,, (2 ft. 9 in.)
,, ,, between tips of extend-
ed llippers 240 „ (7 ft. 10 hi.
Jour. Straits Branch B. A. Sue, No. 49, 1907.
64 CAPTURE OF A RARE TURTLE.
In colour the upper surface was black, mottled with pinky
white, while the lower parts were principally yellowish, scantily
blotched with dark brown.
The carapace and plastron presented a mosaic-like appear
ance; the remaining parts were covered with smooth skin,
that of the head being entirely free from shields of any nature
as is sometimes reported.
The contents of the stomach consisted mainly of small
fishes, prawns and other crustaceans, mixed with a lesser
amount of different vegetable substances.
So little is this turtle known locally that it was some time
before I could obtain a name for it, but at length the word
" kambau " was given mq with the additional information that
the term also applied to anything slow or sleepy, such as a
prau in a calm, or light head-wind.
Various circumstances, besides its already somewhat
putrid state, prevented me from preserving this valuable
specimen in its entirety, but early on the following morning
[ obtained a number of prisoners from the gaol and with their
help got out the skeleton. The flesh, though said to be of a
rank and unpleasant flavour, was eagerly begged for by
numerous Chinese as soon as stripped from the carcase. The
novel appearance and huge size of the reptile were causes of
much attraction, and all the afternoon during which it was
lying on the sea-front, it was a centre for crowds of interested
people.
Though the species is widely distributed through tropical
seas (and is occasionally noted outside such areas) I know of
only one other example captured in our locality, and this — a
much smaller specimen — was forwarded to the Raffles Museum,
where it is now exhibited, by Mr. A. M. Skinner who obtained
it at Tanjong Katong, Singapore, in 1884. The Johore speci-
men may therefore take rank as the second recorded capture
in this part of the Malayan soas.
A full account of the anatomy of the Leathery Turtle,
based on the investigation of a small Japanese specimen,
appeared in a receut number of the P. Z. S. (1905, Vol. I
Pt. II) but my photographs of this locally-obtained individual
Jour. Straits Braneh
STRAITS BRANCH, ROYAL ASIATIC SOCIETY.
Journal 48. Plate II.
t~ ^^^^^^By
! aw
"*:»? J
' *
1
\!
Pil& ; «V'
93
STRAITS BRANCH, ROYAL ASIATIC SOCIETY.
Journal 48. Plate HI,
Malayan Pigs.
A Recent Zoological Paper.
Q. S. Miller's " Notes on Malayan Pigs."
By C. Bodbn Klo8s, f. z. s.
One of the most recent of publications dealing with the
fauna of the Oriental region is a most interesting and valuable
paper by Mr. Gerrit S. Miller, which throws a fresh light on
the varieties and distribution of the pigs of the Malayan area.
" Notes on Malayan Pigs " * is based on a quite unique
collection of 62 specimens from the Malayan Peninsula and
Islands, presented to the U. S. National Museum by Dr. W.
L. Abbott, and a small contribution of 4 specimens obtained in
Johore by myself. In addition to having all this material to
work upon Mr. Miller has also examined the types and collec-
tions in the Natural History Museums at Berne, Berlin, Leyden
and London.
Excluding the Javan species (as not being yet represented
in the U. S. N. M. collection) the pigs of Western Malaya are
broadly defined as belonging to one or the other of three groups
typified as the Barbatus group, the Crist at us group and the
Vittatus group.
In the first group, the " bearded pigs," of greatest local
interest perhaps is Sus oi, Miller, the species which occurs in
the Suraatran area, and is, so far, known from the swampy
plains of south-eastern Sumatra, from Banka and from the
Khio Archipelago, where, inhabiting Pulo Battam, it most
closely approaches the Straits Settlements.
The other members are Sus barbatus, Mailer, of Borneo,
with which Mr. Miller finds Sus longirostris, Nehring, to be
* Proceedings of The United States National Museum, Vol. XXX
pages 737-758, with PlateB XXXIX— LXIV.
Jew. Straits Branch B. A. Soc., No. 49, 19U7.
68 MALAYAN PIGS.
synonymous, and a new species, Sus gargantua, founde J by Mr.
Miller on the skull of a young adult male from south-eastern
Borneo. This, besides being the largest of known living pigs
(upper length of skull of young adult 570 mm., of old S.
barbatus 510 mm.), is further distinguished by having its ex-
tremely low occipital region produced backwards to a degree
quite unknown in others of the group.
The members of the Cristatus group are confined to the
mainland and the near-by islands. It has long been thought
that the wild pig of the Peninsula was the same as the Sum
cristatus y Wagner, of India proper and when writing a note on
the Sumatran Stcs oi for the Journal (No. 45, p. 60), I stated
that " only one species of wild pig is at present known to occur
in the Malay Peninsula and that is the animal regarded as
identical with Sus cristatus of India," but it appears that the
animal ranging from Tower Tenasserim southwards must now
be separated from the Indian form. It is now described under
the name of Sus jubatus ; and to a form from Pulo Teratau, and
perhaps other islands off the west coast of the Peninsula, that is
like jubatus but not as large, Mr. Miller has given the name
jubatulus. It is unfortunate however that in making into a
separate species an animal that inhabits a shoal-water island
situated close to the mainland, the author has only one example
to work upon.
The pigs of the Vittatus group are purely insular except
one new species from the southern extremity of the Malay Penin-
sula. They range from the Andamans and Nicobars in the west
to the Nat unas in the east. The typical Sus vittatus, Muller
and Schlegel, inhabits the mainland of Sumatra and the Rhio
Archipelago form now becomes a separate species under the
name of rhionis. The largest known member of the group,
which is specially interesting as inhabiting the Asiatic main-
land (so that the Peninsula is now found to possess at least two
peculiar pigs), occurs in Johore. This is Sus peninsularis and
presumably the pig of Singapore Island is of this species also.
The remaining species of this group are widely distributed.
On Pulo Nias, on Pulo Babi together with Pulo Tuanku and
lastly on Pulo Simalu, all islands of the West Sumatra chain,
Jour. Straiti Bruch
MALAYAN PIGS. 69
are found respectively Sum ttuffrtut*, Sus babi and Stis mimus
all described for the first time. The animal that occurs in the
islands of the Xatunas between the Peninsula and Borneo is
Sum natunetisis. Miller, while Sus nicoboricus* Miller, is known
as yet by specimens from Great Nicobar Island only. The
smallest member of the group — smaller even than nicobaricus or
mtmttf, is Sus andamancmis, Blyth. from the Andaman Islands.
The paper contains full descriptions, keys and measure-
ments, and is illustrated by many plates (amongst which are
reproductions of a mounted &<£ barbattis), of mandibular teeth
and skulls in various aspects, all of which greatly facilitate
the identification of the different species.
Mantra Gajah.
By W. George Maxwell.
In an article, which I contributed to the Society's Journal
No. 45, and in which I gave a translation of a book of charms
used by Malay elephant-drivers, I mentioned that I had in my
possession another book of similar charms.
It consists of six sheets of stout paper, sewn down the
middle so as to make a small book of twelve sheets or twenty-
four pages. The outer cover has been stained a rich chocolate
colour by the moisture of warm and perhaps not over clean
hands and by the smoke of the fire-places over which the
Malays keep, in hanging racks, the articles which they wish to
preserve from damp. There is nothing in the book or on its
cover to give any idea of its age, and Mat Jawi, the Assistant
Penghulu of Kuala Plus, who gave it to me, could only say, in
general terms, that it was old, and that it had been in his
family for a long time. Mat Jawi is the grandson of the for-
mer Orang Kay a kaya Sri Adika Raja, and, as the book of which
I have already given a translation is expressly stated to
contain the hereditary lore " that has come down from the
Datohs Sri Adika Raja unto the present day," it is only to be
expected that the charms set forth in the two books should
closely resemble one another. This book begins abruptly
without an introduction of any kind, and ends even more
abruptly by reason of the available space on the paper being
exhausted. In the last line, the writer started to give a charm
to soften the heart of an elephant, and then, seeing that he had
no more paper, scratched it out, and scribbled under it
44 tamat " " the end."
I here reproduce the book in its entirety in " roman "
characters. I have not attempted to edit it in any way, of
such part of it as is Malay no translation is necessary, and of
such part of it as is not Malay I am unable to give a transla-
tion. I am inclined to think that the non-Malay charms are
nothing but a corrupt form of Siamese, and to ascribe to
Jour. Straits Branch R. A. Soc., No. 49, 1907.
72 MANTRA GAJAH.
them a much more recent period than I had suggested in my
first article.
It is impossible to say when the Siamese first came down
the Peninsula in search of elephants. Their own country has
always been richly stocked with elephants ; and at this day,
from all accounts, there roam through the forests, in a semi-
wild condition, herds of these great animals for which there is
little or no commercial use. It is unlikely, therefore, that the
Siamese should, at any early period, have gone far afield in
search of animals for which there was but little demand in
their own country ; unless, of course, the search was one that
was being made for the sacred white elephant.
It was perhaps not until the development of India and
Burmah caused a demand for elephants for state ceremonies
and for business purposes, and created a trade between Siam and
these countries, that the Malay Peninsula was laid under contri-
bution to supply elephants.
This trade in elephants was particularly referred to by
Gemelli Gareri, who in 1695 went from Goa to Malacca. He
wrote in his " Giro del Mondo " (Vol. III. pp. 358, 359) an
account, which is translated in Churchill's Voyages, Vol. IV-
p. 284, as follows : — " all the country of Malacca, Cam bay a
" Siam, Ciampa, Cocincinna and Tunchin abounds in elephants
14 of which the Siamese particularly make a great trade, carry-
" ing them by land to the opposite coast and port of Tena-
" zarin, belonging to the King of Siam, near the Gulf of Bengaia,
" where merchants buy to transport them by sea into the
" dominions of Mahometan princes.'*
The extent to which this trade in elephants grew is shewn
in the records of the India Office. The following notices of
ships with elephants arriving at the port of Masulipatam, from
Tenasserim alone, are taken from the Diary and Consultation
Book of that factory.*
April 25 1680 A ship with elephants
May 3 1680 A ship with 16
April_ 21_1681 _„ „ „ 13
* Anderson's " English Intercourse with Siam in the Seventeenth
Century" p f 20.
Jotir. Strata Br*ne}t
»»
MANTRA GAJAH. 73
Feb.
21
1682
ft
ship
with
15 i
elephants.
Feb.
22
1682
!»
»»
»t
15
tf
Feb.
22
1682
A
ft
• i
11
ft
April
20
1682
M
tl
i»
6
ft
April
22
1682
ft
It
»t
4
II
March
1684
Two
ships
ii
46
If
April
1684
A
ship
ti
12
tf
April
1684
ft
K
ft
20
II
The Siamese who ransacked the Malay Peninsula to
supply this surprising demand for elephants probably used the
Mantra Gajah that are recorded in these manuscripts. But
whether it was in the Seventeenth Century that the Malays
learnt these Mantras, or whether their acquisition of this lore
dates from a period before it or after it, can, until further
information on the subject is forthcoming, only be matter for
conjecture.
Mantra Gajah.
Bab ini hendak tiup tentang atau di-bacha pada batu di-
limpar-kan pada gajah itu.
Ini-lah di-kata-nya
Om kundanga ding kundanga sai teluwang tekulin dipin-
tai rambut teluling di-hadapan tibalulon kakanan tibalulun
kakiri sikab piah nenek-mu.
Ilai gajah aku tahu asal angkau mula menjadi,
Merkubulia ka-mulia asal mu,
Kau turut kata,
Jika tiada turut kata ku,
Mati di-bunoh Sri Kama;
Jika angkau turut kata ku
Di-hidupi uleh Maha Risi. Kul.
Ini melembut-kan hati gajah di-bacha pada tebu tiga krat
Ini-lah kata-nya,
Om darang muka-nya darang darang lang-li muka-nya
langli telon changku kan kusa mu hati-ku akan chucha-mu
lidah kau akan sangkal mu tendurong kakanan tenduron kakiri
tundok chinta kapada aku puah rab,
It, A. Soc., No. 49, 1907.
74 MANTRA GAJAH.
Bab ini buang hantu rimba. Ini kata-nya.
Om berang berat pikat pikau rambin perai siah pindah
leku turun luwai bantu rimba puab rengab. Fada tiga likur
bulan Safar pada bari malam kbamis, ini pematah hati gajah
barang biut-nya mau katahui asal-nya kata-nya.
Hai Adam lemit aku tahu asal mu,
Allah Tuhan mu,
Nabi Muhammad penghulu mu,
Siti Hawa nama ibu mu,
Nan Pachi nama mu,
Jusan nama aku,
Jangan angkau derhaka pada aku,
Jika angkau derhaka kapada aku,
Sarupa angkau derhaka kapada Piarawan.
Fasal pada menyata-kan segala ubat penyakit gajah. Per-
tama ini ubat besar deripada Pijang, pertama ambil akar pe-
sambu dan daun-nya, dan pesambu kayu ambil akar-nya, dan
daun-nya, dan akar chanerai hitam, dan akar chichir, dan akar
pianggu, dan akar pulai, dan akar rotan dini, dan akar rotan
tela war, dan akar tutop bumi, dan akar panggai panggai, dan
akar jerun, dan akar kuchai, dan akar gelenggang, dan akar
kedudok dan akar paku, dan akar tarn bun tahi, dan akar
teniu.
Bab ini pa till kusa ; ambil daun kekiat segenggam, herat
gosokkan pada kapala gajah dengan kusa-nya sakali.
Bab ini ubat tuai, maka ambil sampah yang lekat kapada
kayu yang ter-gerak-gerak di-ayer itu, maka per-habu harang
buboh mi n yak, maka sapu-kan pada ekor gajah itu.
Bab ini ubat gajah tiada mau bernang, maka ambil ki-
ambang, maka per-habu harang buboh minyak maka sapu-kan
kapada gumba-nya, dan piah-nya kiri kanan.
Bab ini ubat gajah tiada mau tidor di-ayer maka ambil
lumut yang lekat di-pangkal-pangkal prahu orang, maka per-
habu harang maka buboh minyak, maka sapu-kan pada gumba-
nya dan piah-nya kiri kanan.
Bab ini ubat membuang geli gajah, maka ambil ulun
merah sa-genggam herat, maka gosokkan kapada gumba-nya,
dan piah-nya kiri kanan.
Jour. Strait* Braucfe
MANTRA GAJAH. 75
Bab ini ubat gajahiya-itu maka ambil daun labu yang
naik pada nimah orang, maka mengambil dia itu churi jangan
di-tahu uleh tuan-nya, dan timba perigi orang itu pun churi
juga, maka per-habu harang maka bubok minyak gosokkan
pada belalai-nya.
Bab ini ubat pel am but hati gajah, maka ambil asin asin
sa-genggam herat, maka gosokkan pada piah-nya kiri kanan.
Bab ini ubat orang kena chemahang, maka ambil getah
merbau yang muntah-kan darah ambil dengan tanah-nya sakali
dan chemara putri dan mempalas dan ay or buku kayu dan
aver kubang babi, maka ram as sakelian-nya itu maka limau-
kan kapada orang yang kena chemahang itu 'afiat uleh-nya.
Bab ini ubat gajah kena kesar api ambil akar jenjuang
merah dan ambil umbut tebrau dan daun limau nipis dan
maswi bawang merah kunyit terus dan lada sulah, maka
mamah dengan sirih pinang, maka sembor tujoh petang 'afiat.
Bab ini ubat gajah kesar ambil akar bunga raia dan akar
jerangau mamah dengan sirih pinang sembor tiga petang 'afiat.
Bab ini ubat gajah sakit perut chirit, ambil kulit pauh
dan buah asam jawa, dan kulit kebantong dan kulit jambu
aver, dan kulit sena dan langkinang atau kulit-nya sakelian-
nya itu di-tumbok lumat-lumat beri makan gajah itu serta
dengan garam siam 'afiat.
Bab ini ubat gajah makan tanah, ambil chaching dan
tanah iembah ; ad a pun chaching itu di-rendang dahulu sudah
itu champur dengan tanah Iembah itu, makan beri makan
gajah itu tiga petang 'afiat.
Bab ini ubat gajah bengkak kaki-nya atau tuboh-nya,
ambil halia dan kunyit dan limping dan kunyit terus, maka
giling lumat-lumat buboh garam siam maka hangat-kan pada
api chamur-kan kapada gajah itu barang tiga petang 'afiat.
Bab ini ubat gajah ter-salah, ambil daun gelenggang dan
daun raminggu dan daun asin, asin semua-nya itu rendang
kring kring buboh minyak buboh di-dalam tempurong hangat-
kan pada api, maka chamur-kan pada gajah sakit itu barang
tiga petang atau tiga hari 'afiat.
Bab ini ubat henduk beri gemok, ambil kulit badak dan
garam siam maka rendam-kan kulit badak itu dan garam siam
ft. A. 9oc. f No. <9, 1907.
76 MANTRA GAJAH.
itu kapada ayer madu, maka beri minum gajah itu barang
tiga had.
Bab ini ubat gajah hendak gemok maka ambil buah
pedindang dan garam siam, maka rendam-kan pada ayer madu
beri minum gajah itu barang tiga had.
Bab ini ubat tiada mahu tram, maka ambil akar kuchai
yang jantan makan dengan sirih pinang sembur kapada segala
siku gajah itu barang tiga had.
Bab ini ubat gajah mata ber-ayer, maka ambil buah
mating bakar hangus hangus, maka asah dengan ayer limau
nipis, maka buboh pada mata gajah itu.
Bab ini ubat tiada patih kusa, ambil amas dan perak dan
tembaga dan besi, maka rendam pada ayer maka mandi-kan
kapada kepala gaja itu serta dengan kusa-nya barang tiga
had.
Bab ini ubat membunoh segala penyakit di-dalam perut
gajah, maka ambil terong perat yang masak dan lengkuas
padang dan garam siam dan kulit melak, maka kita belah terong
itu dan lengkuas itu tumbok lumat lumat maka kita buboh di-
dalam tebu atau pisang, maka kita beri makan gajah itu
barang tiga had.
Bab ini ubat gajah melenggang, ambil akar gelenggang dan
akar terong asam, maka makan dengan sirih pinang sembur-
kan kapada gumba-nya dan pipi-nya kid kanan lalu pada buah
anchar-nya kid kanan barang tiga petang.
Bab ini ubat pengasih gajah yang liar akan gajah jinak
maka ambil akar tutup bumi maka kita makan dengan sidh
pinang, maka kita semburkan kapada dahi gajah kita dan
gumba-nya dan pipi-nya kid kanan dan telinga-nya maka
lepas-kan-lah gajah kita itu.
Bab ini ubat gajah kena kesar ayer, ambil jenjuang puteh
umbut-nya dan kulit bonglai dan kunyit terus, maswi bawang
merah dan lad a sulah, maka sembur saperti dahulu juga.
Bab ini akan jarang karang ambil buah kabong dan pisang
benggala dan umbut chiru maka tumbok lumat lumat rendam
di-dalam pasu jaram-kan kepala gajah itu. Ini-lah mantra-
nya
Om kat ti-u tawi sak,
Jour. Straitt Branch
MANTRA GAJAH. 77
Bab ini ubat gajah beri pulang sendiri, ainbil tungku
rumab orang tinggal dan tangga-nya dan bendul-nya maka beri
makan gajah itu dengan tebu barang tujoh had.
Bab ini ubat kena besir, ambil kunyit terus hitam dan
put eh, dan tanah lembah yang hitam dan umbut terau, maswi,
bawang merah, lada sulah, maka masok kapada tebu atau
pisang maka beri makan.
Bab ini ubat gajah hendak goinok ambil tomakol dan
pusat buaia ben makan gajah itu di-dalam aver Iiingga lem-
bong perut-nya serta garam siam dan kapada bulan tiga-belas
atau lima-belas sudah-nya temakol dengan kulit buaia itu
jemor kering kering.
Bab ini ubat gajah tiada mahu makan maka ambil leng-
kuas dan akar pisang pisang tumbok lumat lumat, maka beri
makan serta garam siam.
Bab ini ubat gajah hendak gomok, ambil patawali dan
akar terong perat dan akar terong pipit dan akar terong asam
dan akar mentajam chinchang lumat lumat serta garam siam
rendam kapada bekas, maka beri minum gajah itu. Sabagai
lagi ubat gajah gemok ambil jenjuang besar dan jenjuang puteh
dan akar betik dan akar mentajam, maka beri makan serta
garam siam.
Bab ini ubat gajah sojuk kena penyakit, ambil akar terong
asam dan akar rotan dini dan akar chekor jerangau dan akar
jenjuang merah dan akar kunyit terus dan bawang merah
lada sulah, makan dengan sirih pinang sembur kapada selerah
tuboh gajah itu.
Bab ini jika gajah kona sakit hangat ambil daun tetawar
dan akar nior dan akar tebu betong dan akar jenjuang puteh
dan akar chiru dan akar rotan tetawar mamah dengan sirih
pinang sembur selerah tuboh gajah itu.
Bab ini ubat gajah kesar ambil buah kayu yang lekat
pada pasir merah warna-nya, beri makan serta garam siam
barang tiga ban. Danlagi ubat kesar ambil daun sunting
hantu dan daun mentajam dan daun pinang tumbok buboh
kapor tuhor bedak-kan pada tuboh gajah itu barang tiga hari.
Bab ini ubat membunoh biar di-dalam perut gajah, maka
ambil sendawa dan jemuju kharsani beri makan gajah itu 'afiat.
B. A. Sot., No. 49, 1907.
78 MANTRA GAJAH.
Bab ini fasal pada menyatakan nama penyakit gajah.
Per-tania-tama, jika bengkak hujong belalai gajah itu,
Mersud nama penyakit,
Dan jika bengkak di-bawah dagu-nya,
Merchun nama penyakit,
Dan jika bengkak gumba-nya,
Mertab nama penyakit,
Dan jika bengkak mata-nya,
Mer-ka-but nama-nya,
Dan jika bengkak pada telinga-nya,
Keron nama penyakit,
Dan jika bengkak di-dalam perut-nya,
Morpun nama penyakit,
Dan jika bengkak pada supek karong atau shahwat-nya,
Mertemu nama penyakit,
Dan jika bengkak sabelah kaki-nya,
Merau nama penyakit,
Dan jika bengkak kedua kaki-nya,
Maratalum nama penyakit-nya,
Dan jika bengkak jubor-nya,
Merchap nama penyakit-nya,
Dan jika bengkak hujong ekor-nya,
Merpahat nama penyakit-nya,
Dan jika bengkak belalai-nya, ubat-nya ambil daun lang-
kudi dan daun peria, daun labu kentang, dan tahi lembu, kapor
tahor dan garam semua-nya itu pipis lumat lumat tampalkan
pada bengkak itu,
Dan jika bengkak gumba-nya itu,
ambil kulit remunggai dan kulit dedap dan kulit lemping dan
kunyit terus dan lengkuas padang dan limau nipis, maka
tumbok lumat lumat, maka rebus hangat sapu-kan pada gumba-
nya, dan bengkak di-bawah dagu pun ubat ini jua. Dan lagi
ubat bengkak mata-nya maka ambil kulit lembu dan kapala
arak dan daun peria dengan akar-nya dan daun langkudi
dengan akar-nya dan daun labu gantang dengan akar-nya,
maka bakar kulit lembu itu hangus hangus sakelian-nya itu
tumbok lumat lumat champur dengan kapala arak, maka buboh-
kan kapada yang bengkak itu neschaya semboh uleh-nya, dan
Jour. 8tr»it« Braaob
MANTRA GAJAH. 79
jika gajah bengkak telinga-nya maka ambil buah asam jawa
dan buah limau kerbau, liuiau purut, limau manis, limau kerat
lintang, maka sakelian itu ambil daun-nya dan akar-nya chin-
chang lumat lumat rebus kapada api, maka tuang dengan
hampas-nya kapada bengkak itu barang tiga hari.
Bab ini pada menyatakan laksana gajah,
Jika ada gajah itu ber-jalan sapor ti lembu ber-tuah gajah
itu,
Dan jika gajah itu ber-jalan saperti kuda atau polandok
gajah itu ber-tuah.
Fasal pada menyatakan tuah gajah,
Apabila gajah itu mengerab telinga-nya ber-temu di-ha-
dapan dan belalai-nya sampai ka-tanah dan gading-nya dokat
dengan tanah selak nampak-nya lima lapis atau tiga lapis kuku-
nya dua puloh, dan shahwat-nya sampai ka-tanah, dan okor-
nya sampai ka-tanah gajah itu chalaka.
Bab ini pri menyatakan cholaka gajah,
Jika hitam langit-langit gajah itu atau bukor lidah-nya
chelaka.
Atau yang kelong gajah itu bidak dua belas cholaka-nya
Atau kuku-nya anam belas,
Atau ekor tiada gajah itu chelaka.
Atau bidak di-bawah dagu-nya rupa-nya morah,
Atau di- telinga-nya gajah itu bidak cholaka,
Atau di-bawah perut-nya bidak chelaka
Atau ekor-nya yang belong tiada baik.
Bab ini pri menyatakan kapada masa iya makan atau
minum jangan di-sembur-kan-nya biar-lah dongan por-lahan
lahan juga, jikalau ada lebih di-makan-nya itu di-letakkan-nya
di-hadapan-nya gajah itu baik.
Bab ini pada menyatakan bangsa gajah,
Per-tama-tama, Morsan nama-nya gajah itu tinggi-nya
dua bolas hesta, akan bangsa gajah itu deripada Mem bang.
Jika tinggi-nya anam hesta, bangsa gajah itu deripada
Dewa,
Jika tinggi-nya lima hesta gajah itu, bangsa deripada Indra,
Jika tinggi-nya lima hesta gajah itu, bangsa-nya deripada
Bangsa wan,
B. A. Soc, No. 49, 1007.
80 MANTRA GAJAH.
Jika tinggi-nya lima hesta, umka yang ter-sebut baperti di-
aalam temrai nu 'aim tarong sikan.
Jika gajah itu gading-nya angkat sabelah kanan gajah
itu mata-nya puteh gajah itu ber-tuah.
Dan jika gajah itu bulu ekor-nya puteh gading-nya angkat
sabelah kiri gajah itu tiada baik. " Finai " nama-nya.
Jikalau gajah itu gading-nya angkat sabelah kanan,
" Tink " nama-nya gajah itu, tetapi baik.
Jikalau gajah itu hitam gading-nya dan sabelah puteh,
chelaka gajah itu.
Ada pun gajah yang baik gading-nya puteh kadua.
Bab ini kita hendak menarek tunggal,
Jika tunggal itu tiada mahu mengikut, ini-lah mantra-nya,
maka ambil tanah tiga kepal, atau barang yang patut dapat di-
makan gajah itu, maka mantra-kan dengan mantra ini, maka
di-lontarkan kapada gajah itu. Ini-lah yang di-bacha-nya,
Ma-tapu chum-kan midun yoh ka-yau ambi kawan teng-
wan wan pirak dut pirak situn duraja cbam-kan Ian teng nura
ambi kewat tengwan wan.
Bab ini jika kita di-hambat tunggal. Ini-lah mantra-nya
Tut tahai chati chatang lipu tut hai.
Bab ini jika hendak menjerat gajah di-dalam hutan atau
di-dalam kubu, atau membuka hutan atau kubu,
Ini-lah mantra-nya,
Am kanching kandui kaikitai karum kau chakan tang-
langkan langka peryumaha pau Sidi-kan guru ombak batiya.
Bab ini kenaling kambing hutan, ini-lah kenaling-nya
Om yang chong bang dai bang tu bang ru bang tipal yang
kemun kamaya om shar wa bang sidi-kau guru om buk batiya.
Bab ini ubat gajah supaya berani ber-juang maka ambil
akar leletup dan akar panggil, maka tumbok lumat lumat
buboh di-dalam tebu beri-kan gajah itu makan barang tiga hari
neschaya berani uleh-nya.
Bab ini jika gajah itu cherdek, pertama ambil kulit
remunggai dan kulit asam jawa dan buah-nya yang masak
ambil ayer limau nipis dan ayer tebu, maka buboh di-dalam
rumput beri-kan makan neschaya 'afiat uleh-nya.
Bab ini ubat mantra suku,
Jour. Straiti Brunch
MANTRA GAJAH. 81
Tima safaha charu s'osi ra ara saufa katu yash a soma
kankha teru kiseru asam pintu.
Ada pun sakelian ubat itu, ini-lah jampi-nya maka di -h ambus -
kan tiga kali.
Bab ini mantra membuang perai,
Om biranduk randai kaparai perai pundum niohampaling
cham chik irak ku wan cham yut nacham-mu lang mu terung
kuk miter mucbang teping tau peria munteri puah,
Om chating ting chaketang telang kau chung-kan yet kuta
yet kau naret terat tuanku suroh luloh lulai peyak tau ter u
yerwon bat teha teraua biba yun tabom yaman cbangrai miok
keta wie.
Bab ini membuang hantu kambing hutan,
Om bing bing bangtu bang dai bangti pada bang kamut
meya om rengab sorpa rengab.
Bab ini mantra perabun gajah,
Om pan pang malia pang pit om tau tau sahom siti ker-
tana sahom om sauhom.
Bab ini perengab,
Om rengab chang rengab dzai rengab pitai piyat yakrom
rengab per-yom apom rengab rungkang karamai rengab pada
payaman pong om rengab maha rengab sidikan guru om bok
batiya.
Bab ini mantra gajah naik rengka
Om pat maha pat chailaku pat kuru hei mihan changrai
mayu tani.
Bab ini mantra mengarang-kan tali rotan
Om kan kat changra mau kau ikat pekarangku.
Bab ini jika menjerat gajah yang besar, maka di-tahan
sidin itu maka di-sembur dengan kunyit terus kemdian di-
kunchi-kan mata sidin itu. Ini-lah mantra-nya.
Om yok bat kau chabat diran dai bau bangkat chang
pacha nangkrai om maha risi si bok katarak tanta pongtala
cha nangai aurab rab perakamtu rengab, maka lalu disembur-
kan dengan kunyit terus lalu di-tahan.
Bab ini jika ber-kubu gajah bacha-kan kapada kunyit
terus beri-kan kapada orang kubu itu suroh sembur-kan sake-
liling kubu itu. Inilah mantra-nya,
B. A. Soc., No. 40, 1907.
82 MANTRA GAJAH.
Ikrai min puni chi chana rak
Bab iai per-tahan tunggal. Ini-lah ubat
Tut kerar tut kanching kandai kanpatai tut hei.
Bab ini jika kita hendak masok gajah jinak, maka kawan
ber-tunggal itru, maka bacha mantra ini tiga kali sa'nafas.
Om wi chit terui kambara ula sipu wah suwah suhom dai
bang kembang tikada samkam.
Bab ini mantra bomo' yang kechil kechil, maka orang
hendak menjerat gajah masok kubu, maka bomo' yang besar
membacha mantra juga, maka bomo' yang kechil kechil pun
membacha melepas diri-nya. Ini-lah mantra-nya,
Om kenaling chak chap chap kenaling rengab kenaling om
chap kenaling suwah su hei.
Maka di-sembur dengan kunyit terus kakanan dan kakiri.
Bab ini perengab,
Om rengab chang rengab pai tai bakarom rengab pera yom
apom rengab rengkong kangku ramai rengab pada peman pong
rengab maha rengab sidikan guru ombok batiya.
Bab ini pelambai tunggal, maka ambil chamar maka patah
paras mata gajah jinak itu. Ini-lah mantra-nya,
Ma tapu chomkan liyon tak chong ambi ya kasayok om-
biya kawan chom-kan lisan tangku an pirak dos pirak siton
nang makaru tangkuan.
Bab ini membuang hantu hutan. Ini-lah mantra-nya,
Om berah berom berah berai patari patarai patabuna ra-
miya tin shah pindah kau turun laui mur-tangan kamui kamai-
lui.
Bab ini perabun pun jadi di-bacha masok hutan atau
barang pilak tiada kita kena atau barang kerja kita.
Ini-lah mantra-nya yang di-bacha dahulu,
Om kenaling pajanaru pajanari samba bangkom bangkak
takabonting lai pat pachaupi bangkom bangkamanya turun kau
pindah kahutan yang pana puah karab turun kapadang yang
maha luas karimba yang maha besar.
Bab ini suatu kenaling.
Om kenaling perah pom porah pai patabu rasin marang
salik samsatom sirapatom perpai tataban ting tui pat kau chat
pai ai chakat torn bang torn turun-lah pindah kau kahutan
Jour. Straits Branck
MANTRA GAJAH. 83
pana puah kerab turun kan kapadang yang maha luas karimba
yang maha besar.
Ini-lah kelamin-nya,
Om kenaling tang chandap kenaling ating kambakut kena-
ling yaku wah yanata baka parom peratang kenaling nai sitikan
guru mu batiya rengab,
Bab ini mantra Eaja Gajah, maka kitapergi kapada tanah
kita kuais dengan tumit, maka ambil tanah itu kita mantra
tiga kali sa'nafas, maka buboh kapada ubon ubon kita.
Ini-lah mantra-nya,
Om pan pang maka pang pit om tau sa horn sitikan tana
sahom.
Bab ini hendak buka hutan. Ini-lah mantra-nya,
Om bik bik bang bang bangtu bangru bangti pada bang
ka-muai maia om rengab sara para ngab.
Ini-lah kelamin-nya,
Om kanching kandai kun pitai naka nara nakaru pi pat
chamdi kam ti pa man da puni sara pcrcngab.
Bab ini penutup liutan. Ini-lah uiantra-nya,
Om bang chang bangdai bangtu bangru bangti pada bang-
kemu kamya om bang sara para bang.
Ini-lah kelamin-nya,
Om rengab chang rengab undai rengab piti di yat bakarom
rengab rakang lang kerahei rengab pada pai man pong am rengab
maha rengab ombang chong bangdai bangtu bangru bangti
pada bang kamu kamai am bang sarpa bang om rengab chang
rengab dai rengab pitai pi yat bakarom rengab rakong lang
karamai rengab pada pai man pang om rengab maha rengab.
Bab ini hendak ber-buat hikmat akan orang jangan ber-
uleh menjerat gajah, maka ambil tanah bekas gajah jinak
orang itu dan gajah yang hendak di-jerat itu di-perbuat akan
gambar gajah, ambil daun kandan akan satam-nya, maka
surat nama bomo'-nya dan nama gamala-nya pada daun kan-
dan itu, sudah maka korek lubang sajengkal dalam-nya, maka
tutop dengan papan maka tiup api di-atas-nya jangan padam
padam. Ini-lah mantra-nya,
Am \vi mata kamarah angkar aula sula chi puan sau horn
suhom. Kelamin-nya
B. A. 8oc., No. 49, 1007.
84 MANTRA GAJAII.
Am borah berom berai petari potarai pekuboran mi suti sah
pindah-lah angkau turun kaui ui tatong kambi kamlai.
Bab ini mantra melambai tinggi lambai dengan chamar.
Ma tepu chara kan liyan dutang ching abiya keyak abiya
kewan chum kan liyan tangkuan.
Bab ini mantra tunggal.
Am kasak kan terak hak chantek junsa nak selak setaha
tikah wi serawi kak wi tera wapu taua ati yan nik mekurai
tech un tang kepurantai sura mamawi serawi kak wi puru purak
binat siyan tiga bulan naik siyan bulan turun.
Bab ini menahan kawan, maka keliling tiga kali.
Ini-lah mantra-nya,
Teru 'om ambi tan bimak lok tu wadin keluwi lok pik
pitai lok mas yata yang kerai chandan kerai perok nangai tuan
ti yang salok tan mu chaku chakkatom.
Bab ini mantra kapada tapak tangan kiri, maka gosok
kapada telinga gajah yang kanan dan yang kiri.
Om chikan chichu samit palai a'itu rati duchang bayi du-
chang san bisai yi.
Ini tunggal atau kawan, ini-lah mantra-nya,
Tut sapera tut changlu mi changkan changsu mu kan
chantang pora piyat sitikan kuru bati per-hai kalu hai.
Bab ini makan bomo'.
Pau bub yabub kindi judi tang-pong'ai malab miyaji janak kan
pastak taru chai-ku kat cha king.
Ini-lah kelamin-nya,
Ter om pu wat om nya midak midong midak mi-kalang
sata yang chadin karai paruk pangai lo'tu mu chak kan jakat-
om.
Bab ini buang bantu hutan,
Om kali miwah kacharai rai keli duk kalidan tera-yang
kachang kanan sah pindah laui turun kau wi hantu kamsat
kamya nyamihan changrai miyu katu wai.
Bab ini kepala segala mantra, maka barang suatu kreja,
ini-lah dahulu di-bacha-nya.
Om kenaling kanalai kanaling tuk-ting kanaling nuk tai
kut kut katakong kalai kamalut kuh kanaling takongkalal om
sing kupasing changrai om sah kapasat changrai arah rah
Jour. Strait* Branch
MANTRA GAJAH. 85
terong perat tijau beli turun bei-titi salah di-batang tuboh kau
wi mitarau kau miloh sidikan kuruku batiya para-kan haika-
loh kachat pi tukkami kau mipai lui sarapa changrai.
Ini-lah mantra Raja Ibrahim maka jika gajah itu sakit
atau demam mantra-kan kapada ayer, maka mandikan kapintu
kubu dan mandi-kan chelong pun.
Ini-lah mantra-nya,
Ora patabu ramai san kau cha'an angkat matang pin
pindan au kau kuklu mata changrai kachat pit ongpami kau
miki lui sarapa changrai kau minan tara anglai sitikan guru-mu
batiya om setaidai sati yudong sati karang kana parak yatu tuk
sam diyak samdak sakala yak sakadong nai ong nong chakaran
sib ang tong chakaran siyan ontong chaparat pat pat changrai
oksaksi pataradi sarap chatarai matarang changrai kan miman
ter englui situ-kuru-mu batiya.
Bab ini jikalau* gajaii sakit maka bacha-kan kapada ayer
mandikan, atau kunyit terus sembor-kan petang petang.
Ini-lah mantra-nya,
Om pa paru paparai maha rasai sakunta parah Sri Rama
per yit terang siti-kan Oh Maha Eisi yak tamarahai parai' aurai
awai dai madong sarpa angkan per-angkau sakang sakom sa-
rapa rengab siti aku Kama batiya. Hu !
Ini-lah kelamin,
Om kenaling kanalai perah puat perah pai pata burasan
materong chai salik sum torn karapatom per pai tut ban ting
tui pat ka chat ai chakatom bangtom turun kau pindah kau
kahutan pana puah karab turun kan kapadang yang maha
luas karimba yang maha besar.
Kelamin-nya,
Om kenaling tang chandai pa kenaling ating kumalut biti
kenaling yakut yanata baka parom parom paranang kenaling
nai siti-kan guru-ku batiya rengab.
Bab ini perabun pun jadi dan lagi tetkala hendak masok
hutan di-bacha barang kiblat tiada ken a kapada kita.
Om kenaling paja narui serbabangkom bangkok tak banting
tai pat pachan pai bangkam bangli pada somkom ting kamaia
turun kau pindah kan kahutan pana puak karab turun kau
kapadang yang maha luas karimba yang maha besar.
B. A. Soc., No. 49, 1907.
86 MANTRA GAJAH.
Bab ini buang hantu anak gajah, maka pukul dengan
kosa jangan dengan mata-nya kapada anak gajah itu,
Am panirang panarak malachoh kau pindah kahutan pana
puah karab turun kau kapadang maha luas karimba yang maha
besar.
Kelamin-nya,
Om chawi chawat chawi chamarat malachoh kau pindah
kahutan pana puah karab turun kau kapadang yang maha luar
karimba yang maha besar komya maia.
Ini perabun gajah tiada mahu.masok chelong maka bacha-
kau kapada kunyit trus sembor kapada chelong.
Om kaling yating tamdit batka lingkit salik santom am
kamin kar kau lasantom.
Kelamin-nya,
Om chau samin samin plai ranghai tamku lamipaina tau
kalim parak nak tuah tawanta.
Bab ini menahan kawan atau tunggal masok kawan jinak
maka kita patah kayu delapan j Strang lebar keliling kawan atau
tunggal itu.
Ini-lah mantra-nya,
Puntang pakachakak tamang pakachakak sangkong paka-
ohakak.
Ini-lah kelamin-nya,
Ara hak aro puhon kau mihai umok dun au mihai mang-
wa au mihai mang hincha ok chong pak hukdab tang chakang
changma lamatong chun sini karong chong put nak omdib.
Ini membuang hantu rimba.
Ini mantra-nya
Am kenaling kanalai pajanaru saraba hangkom takbun
tau pat kut chat pai ngaban korn bangti pada saiekom salik
suttom mada chak kau turunlah \vi kahutan pana karimba
yang besar puah rengab. Temat.
Here the manuscript ends. I ought in conclusion to say
that I have made no attempt to alter, in the hope of amending
the spelling : Sidikan and sitikan, guru and kuru (to take
examples) are in every case exact transliterations.
STRAITS BRANCH, ROYAL ASIATIC SOCIETY.
Joi'knal 41P. Plate II.
********
Malay Chess,
By T. B. Elcum.
I have seen few things so amusing as a game of chess
played in a Malay village, with the whole population of the
village standing round, and all of them who possess even the
most rudimentary knowledge of the moves, * assisting " their
champion with vociferous advice, and abusing his stupidity when
he makes a move which for some reason, generally entirely
wrong, they think inferior. The rule of " touch and move "
is not generally observed among Malays. The spectators fre-
quently will seize upon a piece which has been moved, replace
it and make another move, pointing out how superior their
method is. Very frequently the suggested improvement is
absolutely futile, putting a piece "en prise," or offering an
obvious mate to the opponent, but the suggestor is quite un-
abashed when this is pointed out to him, and the fire of advice
and remonstrance goes on until the game is over.
The appliances for these village games are generally of a
very primitive character. There will be probably a rough
hand-made lot of pieces, perhaps all of one colour, and a hand-
made board. The squares of the board are never marked in
different colours. Probably some of the men are missing, and
various substitutes have to be provided ; and sometimes there
are no pawns, and their place has to be supplied by little
stones, or bits of leaf.
Sometimes the pieces used by Malays bear more or less
resemblance to the shapes with which we are familiar, except
that the tir, the rook, is generally a fiat piece like a draughts-
man. But more usually they are much less distinctive in
shape. The illustrations show a handsome set, gold and
brown, kindly lent to me by one of the Johore Royal Family.
It will be noticed that the board is uncoloured; the king,
queen and pawns are all of the same shape, and distinguish-
ed by size only.
J««r. Straits Branch R. A. Soc, No. 49, 1907.
88 MALAY CHESS.
The rooks in this set are not of the usual flat description.
As a rule the carving of the pieces is very rough, and it is seldom
that one sees an elaborate set like that here illustrated. A set
often suffices for a village. It is difficult to procure a genuine
set of Malay chessmen.
In some parts of the Peninsula very few Malays play
chess, in others a large proportion of the inhabitants. On the
whole the proportion of men who can play chess more or less
is probably greater than with most races. The same game is
played in Sumatra as in the Peninsula, and I believe also in
Borneo.
How the Malays acquired the game is a mystery. They
may have done so from the Arabs, or they may have learnt it
directly from natives of India. Neither the peculiar rules of the
game, nor the names of pieces and terms used in play throw
any light on this point. I give at the end of these notes a list
of the words most commonly used in the game, and the lan-
guages from which they are derived, as given in Wilkinson's
dictionary. The Sanscrit words seem as likely to have come
through the Arabs, who learnt the game from India, as direct.
Nor do Malay records shed any light on the way in which the
game was introduced, so far as I have been able to discover.
The most interesting points about the game are the similarities
to, and the differences from, the game as now played in Europe,
and as formerly played.
The board is 8 by 8 as in European chess, and the men
except for the modifications to be pointed out, have the same
moves and powers. They are the King {raja) the Queen
(menteri, minister), two Bishops (yajah, elephant), two
knights (kuda, horse), two Rooks (tir, a name which appears
to have no other meaning), and 8 pawns {bidak, also only the
name of this piece).
The first great difference between the Malay game and
ours, and one which entirely upsets all book knowledge of the
openings which may have been acquired by a student of our
game, when he attempts to play the Malay game, is in the
arrangements of the pieces. With us king stands opposite king
and queen opposite queen. In Malay chess the menteri stands
Jour. Stra.Ua Brucb
MALAY CHESS. 89
on the right of his king, and is so opposite to the opposing
king.
In the early days of European chess occasional modifica-
tions appear to have been made in the position of the pieces at
starting, before the game had settled to its present strict form.
I have not seen any mention of the Malay method of arrang-
ing the men, but we read of games starting with a " tabiyat "
or battle array, which seems to have taken may forms, in
which the pieces were arranged in positions quite different
from the normal starting arrangement and it is probable that
the relative positions of king and queen were not always in
early days entirely settled.
However that may be, the next variation l>etween Malay
chess and ours is certainly a survival of a rule, now dead,
which prevailed at one time in Europe.
The Malay king, provided he has not been checked or
moved, has the privilege of once leaping like a knight, or of
moving over two squares whether another piece intervenes a
not, laterally but not forward or diagonally. He can thus
practically castle, but in two moves instead of one. Castling
as we know it is not a part of the Malay game.
The " king's leap " was recognised in Europe in mediaeval
chess before the present method of castling was generally
adopted.
The results of this power of the king are very disconcert-
ing to a player unused to the Malay game. Thus an unguard-
ed knight giving check can be taken by the king, or in a
crowded position the king skips away from an otherwise fatal
check by a knight's move or over another piece. In playing
Malay chess at first, it is very common to overlook this curi-
ous privilege of the king. The Malays frequently give what
would otherwise be an aimless check in order to deprive the
king of this power. I have not played the game sufficiently
to be sure whether it would be generally advisable to do this
between even players — whether the loss of one or two moves
involved in giving the check is made up for by the king s loss of
his privilege. But it is certainly advisable for a European
skilful at his own form of chess, but a novice at Malay chess,
It. A. Soc., No. 49, 1907.
90 MALAY CHESS.
to endeavour to force the king to move only in the'way to which '
he is accustomed, even at the loss of a little time.
A pawn is taken "en passant " at Malay chess, as with
us. That a refinement of the game such as this should exist
among a primitive race is curious, but it is well established.
The rules of the game mentioned so far contain nothing
which might not have been naturally developed from the same
form of the game which produced chess as now played in
Europe. The curious rules in force among Malays with re-
gard to the promotion of a pawn appear to be peculiar to Malay
chess only, and to have no parallel, so far as I can discover, in
other forms of chess, ancient or modern.
In Europe any pawn reaching the eighth rank can at once
become a queen or any other piece at the option of the player.
In Malay chess a rook's pawn, so reaching the 8th rank, may
become a menteri or any other piece immediately, except that
it can only become a piece which is off the board ; it cannot
become a menteri if the menteri has not been taken. Should,
however, the pawn so advancing to the eighth rank be on any
other file, it does not acquire the privilege until it has played
back diagonally a sufficient number of moves to enable it to
reach the rook's file. Thus a pawn reaching knight's eighth
has to play back diagonally one square, on reaching bishop's
eighth, two squares, and on king's or queen's eighth, three
squares. It is not necessary to actually play the pawn to the
rook's file, but it must play back sufficiently far to have reach-
ed it. This curious rule makes winning by the odd pawn more
difficult that in the European game.
There are other rules which tend to make it easier for the
weaker force to draw. The king if left alone on the board
must be mated in not more than seven moves or the game is
drawn. When the stronger force is barely sufficient to mate,
or the position is such as to make it difficult to mate in a few
moves, Malay players of the weaker force frequently try to
force the capture of these last remaining pawns or pieces, in
the hope of escaping defeat by this rule.
Mate cannot be given by a discovered check. It is not good
form to exchange queens unless the game can be immediately
Jour. Straits Branch
MALAY CHESS.
91
won or saved by doing so. A prejudice against the exchange
is very common amongst beginners in Europe. There
is, of course, no reason for this, but in Malay chess there is
some. The rules as to queening a pawn, and as to the lone king
make it so difficult to win a pawn ending that it is seldom
advisable for the stronger force to clear the board by exchanges.
These rules, which make it easier for the weaker force to
draw, are to my mind a weak point in the Malay game, which
otherwise is probably equal in essentials to our own. It is
certainly a pleasant change to play a game in which no open-
ings have been analysed, and in which the player has to rely
entirely on himself from the very beginning of the game.
Malays generally open with a fianchetto to avoid exposing
the king to an early check. Whether this is the best method
of beginning I cannot say. Few Malays are really strong at
the game, though a considerable number play respectably.
The point of most interest with regard to the game is how
the special rules which differ from those of other forms of
chess, were evolved — whether they are a survival of the form
of chess originally taught to the Malays, or whether they have
been invented bv the Malavs themselves.
Terms commonly used in Malay Chess.
KnglUh
Malay Derivation according to
Wilkinson's Dictionary.
Chess
Chator Sanskrit (chaturanga)
Chessmen
Buah Chator (Bauh = fruit)
King
Raja Sanskrit
Queen
Mentcri (Minister) Sanskrit
Rook
Tir
Bishop
Gajah (elephant) Sanskrit
Knight
Kuda (horse)
Pawn
Bidak Arabic
Check
Sah Persian
R, A. Roc.
No. «9,
1907.
92
MALAY CHESS.
English
Malay
Deriration according to
Wilkinson's Dictionary.
Sanskrit
Mate Mat
Draw Seri
To take Makan
To take "en passant " Makan bidak suap.
(suap = mouthful or bribe)
The origin of " tir " is doubtful
The words " buah," " kuda," " makan." " suap," are
probably pure Malay.
" Mat " apparently comes from the same source as " Sah."
If " Sah " is derived from the Persian, so probably is " mat."
" Sah Mat " may mean 44 the king is dead."
Note on the Malay Game 'Jongkak/
By M. Hellier.
I lately obtained, and sent to the Baffles Museum for
exhibition, the playing board and seeds for the Malay game
" Jongkak."
Haji Othman the Visiting Teacher of Province Wellesley,
from whom I obtained the board, describes Jongkak as a
women's game originally played by the ladies at the courts of
the Malay Rajas. The playing board is shaped like a junk or
boat, and, according to Haji Othman, the name of the game
is derived from "jong" a junk. The board has 7 holes on
each side, with a larger hole or compartment at each end.
The game is one for two people and is usually played with
Tamarind or other seeds, but marbles are now sometimes used.
Each player has one "village" (kampong) or row of holes,
and in each side hole she places 7 seeds. The board is then
ready for play.
The players start together. Each player taking the 7
seeds from the hole on her right and carrying them from right
to left, drops one in each hole, the last seed falling into the
large hole at the end. This seed is said to have " entered the
house" (naik rumah) and this house belongs to the player on
whose left it lies.
Each player then takes all the seeds from any one of the
other holes in her " village " and moving as before from right
to left around the board again drops a seed into each hole,
taking care to drop one into her own ' house ' but none into
her opponent's.
Should the last seed fall into an empty hole the player is
dead (mati), and must wait until the other player is ' dead '
before she can again play. If this hole is in the player's own
"village" any seeds in the opposite hole on her opponent's
side may be taken and put into the " house." This is said to
be (?) " a sacrifice " (mati bela).
Jour. Straits Branch B. A. Stoc, No. 49, 1907.
•*-
94 MALAY GAME 'JOXGKAK'.
When the last seed falls into a hole in which there are
other seeds, these are taken and the player continues in play,
and should the last seed fall into the player's " house "
she also continues in play, taking the seeds from any hole in
Iier "village."
When no more seeds remain in a player's " village M she
is said to be " once defeated " (kalah sa-papan). She may
however, take any seeds there may be in her " house " and
place them again in the holes in her " village " putting 7 in a
hole as before. Should any holes be left empty they are
called " ruined wells " (telaga burok) and the player owning
"ruined wells" must wait until her opponent is dead before
playing again.
The game goes on in this way until a player has lost all
lier seeds. She is then " utterly destroyed " (mati kena abu).
Skeat, who calls the game " chongkak," gives a short descrip-
ion of it in his " Malay Magic."
Concerning some old Sanskrit Inscrip
tions in the Malay Peninsula.
By Professor H. Kern.
Extract from * De Verslagen en Mededeelingen der Koniuklijke
Akademie van Wetenschappen.' Division ' Literature '
3rd Series. Part I. *
To complete my former communications in these pages
upon the history of writing in the Indian Archipelago, I now
desire to consider some inscriptions in the Malay Peninsula.
Of these inscriptions, discovered by Colonel Low and published
by him in facsimile, one only has come down to us perfect ;
the rest are very fragmentary.
The first inscription was found in Kedah. It was engrav-
ed on a stone — a kind of slate — under the floor of a ruined
building which had once measured ten to twelve feet square.
This circumstances together with the contents of the inscrip-
tion lead us to suspect that the building may have been the
hut (kuti) of a Buddhist monk. A transliteration and transla-
•
tion of the inscription were published by J. W. Laidlay in the
Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Bengal XVIII 247 (1).
Although this gentleman who was at the time of the publica-
tion Secretary of the Asiatic Society has noticed the chief
points in the inscription which call for comment, I give my
own transliteration of it which differs in a few minor points
from his. It runs thus : —
* Note. — This translation is published with Professor Kern's per-
mission.
(1) The facsimile on plate X. (This paper and plate are repub-
lished on Dages 232-234 of Volume I of * Miscellaneous papers relat-
ing to lndo-Chiua ' reprinted for the Straits Branch Royal Asiatic
Society London 1886).
Jour, Straits Branch, B. A. Soe. No. 49, 19u7.
96 CONCERNING SOME OLD SANSKRIT.
Ye dharmma hetuprabhava tesha (rn) Tathagato (hy ava-
dat)?
Yesha (m) ca yo nirodho eva (m) wavi Mahacramana (h)
^, • • • •
Ajnac clyate karma (sic) jenmana-karma karanam
Jnanan na kriyate karmina (sic) karmabhava (n) na jay ate
The first couplet in halting arya-measure is the well
known Buddhist creed-formula and need not detain us. The
second in Anushtubh can be translated thus : —
• •
* It is through lack of knowledge that the Karma (2) ac-
1 cumulates. The Karma is the cause that men must be reborn.
' Through knowledge (of the nature of things) it comes about
' that men effect no (more) Karma and from the absence of
1 Karma it follows that men need not be born (again).
The idea expressed in the couplet is by no means exclu-
sively Buddhistic but seeing that it follows immediately after
the better known formula there can be no doubt that the sen-
tence must be regarded here as the profession of faith of a
disciple of Sakya. We shall find the same phrase further on
in another and indubitably Buddhist inscription from Province
Wellesley. Elsewhere in British India and in Ceylon it is
usually another sentence which we find coupled with the for-
mula Ye dharmd <lr. I mean the couplet in Dhammapada
stanza 183 (edited by Prof. Fausboll).
Sabbapapass ' akaranam kusalass ' upasampada
Sacittaparyodapanam, etam buddhana sasanam.
• . •
i. e. to refrain from all evil, to apply oneself to the good,
to purify one's heart : that is the bidding of the Buddhas (the
wise).
The couplet runs thus with a slight difference in the halt-
ing Sanskrit of Tibet : —
Sarvapapasyakaranam , kucalasyopasampadam
(2) t. t. the sum of good and evil actions which is the cause of
man's remaining shackled to life and unable to escape from incarna-
tion.
Jour. Straits Branch
CONCERNING SOME OLD SANSKRIT. 97
Svacittaparidamanam, etad buddhanu$asanam (3)
Between the two formulas Ye dharmd &c* % and Sarvapd-
pasya dc. t there is no more necessary connection than between
the former and the sentence ajndndc ctyate Ac. There is
therefore nothing strange in finding as the second couplet first
the one sentence and then the other (4). The second inscrip-
tion in which the couplet diijdndc dc. t is found, was dug up by
Colonel Low in the North of Province Wellesley (5). The
inscribed stone seems to have been the upper part of a column.
On a copy of this ancient record which was published in 1835
without any explanation (6) can be seen the representation of
a stCtpa, the under part of which is formed by a sphere and
not as usually by a hemisphere. Above the sphere rises a row
of so-called umbrellas. On either side stands a line of writing.
On the right side can be read : —
Ajnanac clyate karmma janmanah karmma karana (m)
• .
Of the writing on the left side I can only make out the
word jn&nd (7) Fortunately what is left is sufficient proof that
the inscription, apart from certain differences in spelling, is
identical with the second couplet on the Kedah stone. That
stone reads janmana with a * Jihvamitltya ' whilst the in-
scription on the pillar spells the same words with a Visarga.'
Besides this two-lined verse the pillar has also another
inscription along the edge. Beginning from the top on the
right-hand side we can recognise the inscription given in
facsimile on Plate IV in the Journal of the Royal Asiatic
Society of Bengal XVII 2 and numbered 8 (8) It runs : —
(3) See Csoma Korosi in J. As. Soc. 8. IV 134 Cp. Spence Hardy
Manual of Buddhism 198.
(4) Already noticed by B. H. Hodgson in J. As. Soc. B. IV 211.
(5) J. As. Soc. B. XVII 2, 64 (Misc, Papers relating to Indo-
China. Vol. I. 223226).
(6) J. As. Soc. B. IV pi. HI.
(7) On the facsimile No. 10 on PI. IV of J. A. S. B. XVII 2 the
second line is almost entirely missing.
(8) The transliteration and translation given by Babu Rajendra-
lal Mitra bear little resemblance to it.
ft. A. Soc., No. 49, 1907.
98 CONCERNING SOME OLD SANSKRIT.
Mah&n&vika-Buddhguptasya Raktamrittik&v&sa.
i. e. of the eminent shipowner Buddhagupta, resident at
RaktamrttikA (9), The words following these cannot be made.
•
out with certainty, possibly sya (sign of genitive) ddndm (gift);
or deyadhannah (pious donation). Even less can we decide
if anything was written on the broken foot of the pillar.
On the left hand side beginning at the top we read — Sarv-
vena prak&rena sarwasm&t sarwathd, sarwa — Then follows a
gap until at the end of a second line we see : —
Siddhay&n&sanna.
What is left of the first line can be translated word for
word : ' In every way, from every thing, in every respect, all '•••
Siddliaydndsanna might mean ' who has performed a successful
journey ' but it is impossible to decide with certainty that that
is the meaning ; too much of the sentence is missing to allow
of its restoration to its original form.
Despite the incompleteness of these inscriptions which
all appear to be by the same hand it is probable that the
monument is the gift of a pious Buddhist sea-trader to a temple.
As regards the man's residence, Baktamrttika i. e. Bed-earth
I would remark that the Chinese accounts make frequent men-
tion of a port in the Gulf of Siam Chih-tu l Bed-earth ' (see
Groeneveldt in Verhand: Batav: Genootschap XXXIX8 2"
101) (10) That is probably the place meant.
The style of writing of Buddhagupta's inscription agrees
exactly with the type found in Wenggi and in Tjampda in
West Java. The agreement is so striking that I have no hesi-
tation in regarding the inscriptions from Wenggi, Tjampa and
(9) Mrittika is a misspelling for mrttika. A similar mistake it
found in kritwa in an inscription at Ajanta (PI. XXI in No. 9 of the
Archaeological Survey of Western India by J. Burgess Cp. No. 10
page 79 inscrip. 7) and elsewhere. The mistake is explained by the
fact that in many parts of India r is pronounced as ri.
(10) Misc. papers relating to Ind«-China Second Series Vol. I
page 205, 242.
Jour. Strait n Branch. .
CONCERNING SOME OLD SANSKRIT. 99
Province Wellesley as being of approximately the same date
i. e. as belonging to the same century. The inscriptions from
Wenggi were determined by Burnell — too early lost to science !
— as being of the fourth century (11) and in my opinion, (the
grounds for which I have already published) the views of that
scholar cannot be far wrong. I should therefore give the date
of Buddhagupta's inscription as being roughly 400 A. D. (12)
It is undoubtedly the oldest Buddhist fragment yet found in
these parts unless indeed the Kedah inscription is given the
preference. In view of the fact that the characters in the two
inscriptions notably differ — especially in the ka and na and
•
that the difference in type points to different places of origin,
a comparison of the two can lead to no reliable conclusion.
Different again is the type of some of the rock-inscriptions
at Tokun, a place lying in the middle of Province Wellesleys
The seven fragments copied by Colonel Low and published on
Plate IV (13) of the Journal mentioned are so small and, in
part, so indistinct that they have no value except as contribu-
tions to palaeography.
No. 1 I can decipher in part only. It begins with
sarwa which is written quite distinctly and in nearly the same
type of characters as is Buddhagupta's inscription. The word
following seems to represent drama or drdmam — monastery-
garden. The remaining few groups of letters are indecipher-
able.
No. 2 is in different characters which seem to me, judg-
ing from the great development of the vowel-sign for i. to be
not older than the 6th century. The type reminds me of that
(11) South Indian Palaeography PI. XX and XXI.
(12) The oldest inscriptions in the Talaing Country in Pegu are
in the same Wenggi-type and according to Dr. E. Porchammer date
from the fourth Century A.D. * The oldest Talaing inscriptions date
back to the 4th Century A. D. and the lythic characters are almost
identical with the Dravidian-Vengi alphabet of the same period.'
See notes on Buddhist Law by the Judicial Commissioner British
Burma (John Jardine) III Marriage page X.
(13) (Misc. Papers relating to Indo- China Vol. I page 231).
B. A. Soc., No. 49, 1907.
100 CONCERNING SOME OLD SANSKRIT.
at Djamboe and of that at Pattadakal in the Deccan and also
of the oldest Cambodian inscriptions of Bhavavarman. The
two first words are quite clear ; they are pratliame vayasi i. e.
4 in time of youth.' The reading of the next two groups of
letters which stand in the same line, is however uncertain.
I would read ndvvi since this combination is intelligible. The
second lino I can make nothing of ; the three last groups of
letters might, allowing for defective writing, represent dvivi*
dhatn.
The two first letter-groups in No. 4 are jaya. In No. 5
I read with some diffidence 48. No. 6 might represent siddhi.
These fragments of inscriptions from Tokun do not, like
those from Eedah and from the temple ruins in Province
Wellesley, bear a clear stamp of Buddhist origin. The most
noteworthy point of this respect is the word &r&ma — the read-
ing of which is unfortunately not beyond doubt. Fortunately
it is clear from the other inscriptions that Buddhist establish-
ments existed in the Malay Peninsula at the period to which
the earliest Brahman and Hindu remains in Western Java are
referred.
With the exception of the inscriptions mentioned no others
have, I believe, been found in the Malay Peninsula itself, but
one which formerly stood on a large rock at the entrance of
Singapore Eiver, is worthy of description. In the Journal of
the Asiatic Society of Bengal for 1837 (14) there is a drawing
of this ancient record which shews that even then it had
suffered considerably. Later on, shortly previous to the year
1848, the stone was apparently removed and so damaged that
a few years later only fragments of it could be found. Mr.
Laidlay so far succeeded in deciphering some of the pieces
that he was able to give a facsimile. He rightly recognised
the Eawi characters in the writing and he came to the conclu-
sion that the language of the inscription was also Kawi. This
conclusion was certainly legitimate though Mr. Laidlay could
not have known that the Eawi alphabet was at one time used
in Java for Sanskrit inscriptions.
(14) (Misc. Papers Indo-China Vol. Igepa 219).
Jour. Straits Branch
CONCERNING SOME OLD SANSKRIT. 101
I have attempted to decipher the three fragments publish-
ed by Mr. Laidlay and to determine the language of the in-
scription but I must confess that I have not succeeded. Most
of the characters can be recognised singly but the gaps are so
numerous that no words can be positively recognised. Thus
I read in the third line of figure 1 the letter-groups saldgala-
lasayananara : in the second line of figure 2 ya-dmAnavaiiai
in the third line kesarabharala in the sixth line of figure 3
yadalama. Granted that no vowel-marks and Anussw&ra's
have been omitted in the facsimile, I see no chance of so divid-
ing these letter-groups as to make an unmistakeable Javanese
word. I cannot however assert that the inscription is written
in any other language.
In a work entitled ' The Malayan Peninsula ' by Captain
Begbie quoted by Mr. Laidlay, reasons are given for believing
that inscription dates from the reign of Cri-Raja Wikrama
(1223-1236). Palaeography is not opposed to the conjecture.
As regards the question, which of the Kawi types — that of
Java or of Sumatra, the characters on the Singapore inscrip-
tion most resemble, some letters, notably ma, which in Java-
nese Kawi differ markedly from those found in Sumatra, re-
appear in their Javanese form on the Singapore stone and I
therefore believe that we must assign the inscription to the
Javanese type. Ma is the most characteristic letter in these
alphabets since it is different both in later Cambodian in the
time of suryavarman (15) and in the Sumatran Kawi. On the
other hand the form for sa is common to both Sumatran and
Javanese Kawi and different in the later Cambodian.
It is to be feared that the Singapore record has been
damaged beyond hope of restoration ; so much the more reason
for fixing our attention on the little of it that remains in
transcription.
(15) In m>* paper on the Koetei inscription, I assumed on the
strength of one date that Snryawarman reigned in the 8th century of
Caka; it appears however from the investigations of Messrs. Aymonier
and BerffHigne that this date ix two centuries too early, see the re-
marks of i he latter savant in the Journal Asiatique (February March
1882) Note 4.
B. A. Soc. t No. 49, 1907,
Miscellaneous Notes.
By W. George Maxwell.
I have found in an old note book the following jottings
of folk lore picked up by me at various times from Pa*
Senik, an old Kelantan Malay now resident in Einta. They
are mere trivial disconnected scraps, but are perhaps worth
recording.
* # * *
" When one leaves the house to go hunting deer, one
" ought, in order to avert from oneself any evil consequences, to
" repeat this mantra,
" Bukan aku yang memburu,
•'Pawang Do Resat yang memburu."
Pa 1 Senik was unable to tell me anything about Pawang
Do Resat or his connection with deer, but supplied the following
information about deer generally.
" The first hunter of rusa was Pa' Chu Seming.* Upon
11 his death, which took place in the ritnba he became a hantu
" rusa.
" His son Jitan died in the bluker, and likewise became a
" hantu. He looks after the kijang, pelandok and jungle fowl.
" Nang Peluntong Chai was the wife of Pa' Chu Seming.
" She died in the padang. It is she who sends the deer
" away before a drive begins, if the preliminary propitiatory
." ceremonies have not been duly performed.
" After the death of these three, the next hunters of deer
"were Cho Resat, Do Resat, Pran Ali, Pran Rasu, Pran
" Maiar and Putri Bongsu."
• Another account, recorded in considerable detail in a Ms.
(written by a Perak Malay) which I hope to have ready for the next
number of this journal, makes out that Pa' Chn Seming became the
Hantu Pcmburu, the Great Spectral Huntsman.
Jour. Straits Branch R. A. Soc, No. 10, 1907.
104 MISCELANEOUS NOTES.
" Before one goes out shooting, one should make an offer-
11 ing at the edge of the forest, and repeat the following mantra.
%i Chorteh, Chordeng,
" Eong Pali, Nak Terming,
" Marilah terima idangan kami ini,
" Kami na' minta menembak rusa didalam rimba ini "
For the word rusa one substitutes sladang, gajah, or badak
if necessary. All that Pa' Senik could tell me regarding the
four personages invoked in this mantra was that they were
llantu Rimba.
* • * ♦
The following is a mantra to be repeated after the death
of a rusa.
" Ora Ma'hong gana,
" Gana kecbil, gana besar,
" Gana saratus sembilan puloh ;
" Bukan aku mahu buangkan gana,
" Dewa Agong turun buangkan gana ;
" Bukan aku mahu mengalahkan gana,
" Dewa Mantra Guru yang mengalahkan gana,
" Dewa Bantra Umar yang mengalahkan gana,
" Dewa Puteh yang mengalahkan gana,
" Sang Kaki Bantra Galah yang mengalahkan gana,
" Dalang Yahuda Semak Turah yang mengalahkan gana,
"lladina Kreta Pati Selangor Majitan Petra Jangkal
aGajahGemala Kuda Lawi yang membuang gana."
• • s *
Pa 1 Senik told me that after the completion of the cere-
mony known as sapu bahdi, whereby the evil influence conse-
quent upon the death of a deer are swept away, and after the
animal has been cut up, there is a final ceremony called labor y
of which the literal meaning is " smearing." With a stick, the
patcang turns over the blood-covered leaves that disfigure the
Bite where the carcase has been out up, and so far as possible
attempts to restore the pristine appearance of the place.
Jour. 3tr*iti EfAMh
MISCELANEOUS NOTES. 105
As he does so, he repeats this mantra.
" Om doling kad&Hang,
" Sorak tepi di rimba raia,
" Sakali aku balik membuang bala,
44 Dua kali aku balik labor,
44 Labor anak bini aku,
44 Labor segala permainan aku,
44 Kalau t'ada satu, ganti dua,
44 T'ada dua, ganti ampat,
41 T'ada ampat, ganti delapan,
14 T'ada delapan, ganti anambelas.
44 Labor. Labor. Labor.
The pantang in connection with this mantra is, that upon
its completion, the hunting party must leave the place without
looking back.
• « ♦ ♦
44 If, by any mischance, a man is attacked by bahdi (the
11 premonitory systems are dizziness and trembling) he should
44 collect some of the clay and mud that lies nearest to him and
44 besmear himself all over with it."
• • • •
If bitten by a snake, or stung by a scorpion, in the forest,
one should repeat this mantra.
14 Medang aku Si Medang Raia,
14 Tumbuh di padang gela gat*,
44 Urat menikam ka bumi,
41 Puchuk menikam ka angkosa,
11 Aku tahu asalnia bisa,
14 Sedang Bruai yang punya bisa.
• • • •
If bitten by a water snake, one should call on Hana
Taskun, the great Water Jin. Splash water over the wound
and call out " Uei ! Hana Taskun ! " and the swelling will subside
B. A. fcfoc., No. 49, 1907.
t06 MISCELLANEOUS NOTffi.
" If poisoned by Sakais' poison (ipoh) take some Indian
" corn {jagong\ chew it, then rub the wound with it, repeating
" this mantra.
" Malim Karimun yang punya tawar,
" Tawar Allah, Tawar Muhammad,
" Tawar Baginda Rasul Allah."
• • • •
Pa' Senik once told me the following account of the asal
snapang, " the origin of the gun." The story is so ridiculous
that it affords matter for speculation as to the manner in which
it can hare been evolved.
" Abda'l kaka was the son of Nabi Musa, but disgraced
11 his father by persisting in having dealings with Jins, and
11 upon his death, Allah punished him by turning him into a
"gun."
" Halan Muda, Halan Chapik, Halan Glanggi and Halan
" Do8a*ere four men who became tigers."
. * # • * *
Most people are aware of the Malay belief that a balul intar
(a stone weapon of the neolithic age often found in Perak) is a
thunderbolt, and that when a tree or house has been struck by
lightning a batu lintar may, if it has not been destroyed by its
own blow, be found in the torn-up ground. (Some Malays
tell you that the batu lintar is a weapon which the Jins hurl at
one another in their fights). Pa 1 Senik supplemented this
account by saying that it is dangerous to keep in one's house
a perfect batu lintar as it has life. A batu lintar that has been
chipped in any way is however dead, and therefore harmless.
The live batu lintar will attract lightning to the house, and
then disappear in the flash.
• * # *
" The sun and earth had once human form, the sun being
"the male and the earth the female. The tin ore found in the
" alluvia] strata of the Peninsula is the earth's milk, and the
" gold is its blood.
Jour. SfcraiU BranA
MISCELLANEOUS NOTES. 107
" The putat bumi, its navel or centre, is at Acheh. This
" was first discovered to be the case by Nabi Ibrahim 1 by
" measurements (sukat)."
. . . • . . . ■ . •
(When I suggested that Mecca was the centre of the world,
Pa' Semk was for a minute at a loss. Then, with an al-
lusion to the methods of the Survey Department, said that
that, of course, was a re-survey).
The two following scraps may be assigned to the period
of Hindu influence that succeeded the pagan, and preceded
the Muhammadan, era.
" The earth is supported upon the horns of a bull. Facing
" the bull is a mosquito that threatens, if it stirs, to enter its
" nostril and bite it. The bull therefore supports its heavy
" load without moving. Sometimes, however, it tosses its head,
V and then there is an earthquake."
■ • * . * *
" At the end of the world the sun will go down to hell in
" the shape of a bull, and will gore the men who hare wor-
" shipped him upon this earth.
Notes and Queries.
Colonel Low, writing in J 850, A. D., in Volume IV of the
Journal of the Indian Archipelago, page 18, has the following
notice of Perak.
"25th: February 1814. The Perak Raja addressed a
11 letter to the chief authority at Penang : 'lam' wrote this
11 potentate ' he who holds the royal sword and the dragon betel
" stand and the shell which came out of the sea which flowed
" from the Hill of Se Guntang. 1 "
Do the dragon betel stand and this sea-shell still form
part of the Perak State Regalia ? If so, can any one say what
the sea-shell is, and what the legend connected with it is ?
This hill, which is perhaps the Sagatang Maka Mini of the
Sejarah Malayu, is connected with the Perak regalia in the
following lullaby [which was published on page 76 of the " Notes
and Queries " of the Society].
Mangqueta nama-nya kayu,
Doun-nya luruh menelentang,
Malikota raja Malayu
Turun deri Bukit Saguntang.
II
Daun-nya huroh meneletang,
Daun puan di-raut-raut.
Turun deri Bukit Seguntang,
Kaluar deri dalam laut.
W. G. M.
Bark Canoes among the Jakuns
and Dyaks.
By Dk. W. L. Abbott.
(See Plate I, fig. 2).
As no one seems to have noticed the use of bark canoes in
Malaya, tho following note may be of interest :
In July, 1902, during a trip up the Rumpin Rivor in
Pahang, I saw the Jakuns using somo roughly made conoos of
bark. It was meranti bark as well as I can romember. Their
use was said to be confined to the Jekati and Keratong tribu-
taries of tho Ulu Rumpin.
They were but little trouble to make and the Jakuns
brought down large cargoes of Rattans and other jungle produce
in them. They did not always take tho trouble to take them
back up stream again, or to repair them when split or damaged.
I did not measure any of these " rapako," as they are
called in the Rumpin, but they were 4 or 5 metres long.
I sent a specimen to the National Museum in Washington,
but it warped very much out of shape w T hen drying.
Tho bark is removed from the tree in one large sheet.
Tho ends are cut square and stitched up with small rattan.
Ribs are placed transversely about 18 inches apart, and
straight sticks are lashed transversely across at corresponding
places to hold the sides in position. A large split rattan
encloses tho edge of the gunwale. The sewn ends arc. freely
cauled with mud or clay.
In July 1907, I found similar canoes in use among tho
Dyaks of the Semundung and Ulu Sempang Rivers, West Borneo.
Slightly more roughly made if possible — a thick spongy bark
is used containing much resin (?) The same bark is much used
as flooring by Malays and Dyaks. The Malays said it was the
bark of bintamjor batu (.')
Jour, straits Branch, K. A. 4oc., No. 49, 1907.
110 BARK CANOES.
The Dyaks dispense with the split rattan along the
gunwales, as they use a much stronger and thicker bark than
the Jakuns. These canoes in no way compare with the
elaborate birch bark structures of the North American Amerindo,
but they are very easily and quickly made. I was told that
two Dyaks could make a large canoe in half a day. The Dyaks
had no special name for them — they used a term which I can't
recall, but it meant only bark canoe (according to the Malays).
Tin and Lead Coins from Brunei.
By E. Hanitsch, ph. d.
With Plate III.
The curious tin and lead coins from Brunei, Borneo, des-
cribed below, were, with one exception, exhibited at the Kuala
Kangsar Agricultural Show, August, 1907, by Mr. Edmund
Roberts, of the P. W. D., Labuan, and subsequently presented
by him, on behalf of Pangeran Shabander, of Brooketon, Brunei,
to the Raffles Museum, Singapore. They had been found in
an earthenware jar, buried two or three feet below the surface,
at Brooketon, in July, 1907. A number of coins were in the
jar, but most of them were seized by natives and cannot now
be found. Those which reached the Raffles Museum were of
two types only. A few months later Mr. Roberts presented
to the Museum a third kind of coin which he had found when
clearing the site for the Brunei residency, in 1906.
The first two coins differ only slightly from each other ;
one of them is of a simpler design and in a less perfect state
of preservation, so that it may be considered as the older one.
It is 36 mm. in diameter, 1 mm. in thickness and weighs
5*9 grammes (see pi. Ill, fig. 1). It is more or less of pure tin,
its specific gravity being 7*5 (that of tin is 7*29). Its obverse
shows a recumbent buffalo, minus its horns, with erect tail,
the space between the figure and the edge of the coin being
filled up by circles, cloud-like scrolls, and dots.
The reverse bears an inscription, in Malay characters,
which is arranged in what Lane Poole* calls the "mill-sail
pattern," a pattern which is met with on Persian and other
coins, the writing being placed within the four arms of the
sail-wheel. The division into four fields is effected by a line
which starts from near the centre of the coin, runs parallel
* See O. Codrington, A Manual of Mu*aliuan Numismatic*,
London, 1904, p. 17.
Jour. Straits Brand), R. A. Soc., No. 49, 1907.
STRAITS BRANCH, ROYAL ASIATIC SOCIETY.
TIN AND LEU) COINS FROM BRUNEI. 113
of pure lead being 1137, the slight difference probably being
due to impurities and oxidation.
The obverse shows the (yellow) State umbrella, one of the
insignia of Malay royalty, surmounted by the Sultan's (yellow)
flag. The other leaf-like ornamentations have probably no
special significance.
The reverse bears the inscription
4ZZ 4JLA
or in Romanized characters
Inilah titah
perentah kamuafak-
atan ka'atas bclanja
Negri Brunei ta-
rikh v
1285
meaning
By order
of the administration
of the Finances
of the State of Brunei
date 1868.
The dates 1285 and 1868 refer, of course, to the Hejira
and to the Christian era respectively, and Abdul Mumin was
Sultan of Brunei at that time.
I am indebted to the united efforts of the Rev. Dr. Luer
ing and of Messrs. Hellier, McArthur and Elcum for deci-
phering this coin for me.
R. A. Soc, No. 49, 10U7.
114
TIN AND LEAD COINS FROM BRUNEI.
Although this coin is of such a recent date, only forty
years old, I have not been able to discover any more speci-
mens of it. The only other Brunei coin known to me is the
copper cent, dated 1304 A. H. (= 1886 A. D.), which until
recently was current in Singapore too.
Explanation of Plate III.
(N. B. All figures are reproduced in natural size).
Fig. 1. Obverse of tin coin Seepage 111
Fig. 1a. Reverse of the same
Fig. 2. Obverse of tin coin
Fig. 2a. Eeverse of the same
Fig. 3. Obverse of lead coin
Fig. 3a. Reverse of the same
ti
n
ti
it
111
112
112
112
113
STRAITS BRANCH, ROYAL ASIATIC SOCIETY.
JOVRNAL 411. PLATK III.
STRAITS BRANCH
ROYAL ASIATIC SOCIETY
[No. 50]
JOURNAL
September, 1908
i Agents of the Society
London: Kkgan Paul, Trench, Trubner & Co.
i
i
PRINTKO at rue urTivuiitr mm iauma mmi*** •<
[No. 50]
JOURNAL
of the
Straits Branch
of the
Royal Asiatic Society
SEPTEMBER, 1908
SINGAPORE:
Printed at The Methodist Publishing Houski
1908.
.** v
Table of Contents.
Council for 1908 • •• ... ••• ... v
Proceedings of Annual General Meeting ••• • •• vi
List of Members ••• ••• ••• • •• viii
Annual Report of tho Council • •• ... ••• xiv
Treasurer's Account for the year 1907 ••• ••• xv
Rules of Straits Branch of Royal Asiatic Society ••• xvi
A List of the Ferns of the Malay Peninsula, by
H. N. Ridley.F.'R.S. ... ... ... 1
Some Visits to Batam Island, by C. Bodcn Kloss, F.Z.S. 61
Some Ethnological Notes, by C. Boden Kloss, F.Z.S. ... 73
The White-Handed Gibbon, by C. Bodcn Kloss. ... 79
Curriculum of a Course in Malay in Paris ... ... 81
Father Civet, by It. 0. Winstedt. ... ... ... 85
Sindbad's Old Man of The Sea, by W. George Maxwell 91
Spada, by W. George Miixwell. ... ... ... 97
Two New Species of Cicindela (Tiger beetles) from
Borneo, by Dr. Walter Horn. ... ... ... 93
Bats in a Bamboo, by H. N. Ridley. ... ... 103
The Labiates of the Malay Peninsula, by H. N. Ridley 105
The Crackling Moth, by H. N. Ridley. ... ... 109
New or Rare Malayan Plants, by H. N. Ridley. ... Ill
J*
THE
STRAITS BRANCH
OF THE
ROYAL ASIATIC SOCIETY.
COUXCIL FOR 1908.
Dr. D. J. Galloway, President.
Mr. W. D. Barnes, Vice-President for Singapore.
Hon. R. N. Bland, Vice-President for Penang.
Mr. II. N. Ridley, Honorary Secretary.
Mr. R. J. Bartlett, Honorary Treasurer.
Dr. Hanitsch, \
Mr. V. S. Flower,
Mr. A. Knight, {^Councillors.
Mr. C. B. Kloss,
Mr. H. Marriott,
PROCEEDINGS
of the
Annual General Meeting.
The Annual. General Meeting was held March 23, 1908.
Present :
Db. Galloway, (in the Chair.)
KSKJHT.
Mb.
B. A. J. Bl DWELL.
Hblliek.
„
S. V. Flowkr.
Bryant.
„
R J. Bartlett.
Ma rriott.
W. D. Barnbs.
C. B. Ki.oss.
Dr.
Hanitbch,
Mr.
H. N. Ridley.
The minutes of the last annual general meeting were read
and confirmed.
The secretary's report was laid on the table and accepted.
The Treasurer'*) account was also passed.
It was resolved that the members of the society were
desirous of expressing their sense of the loss which the society
had sustained by the departure from the East of the Right
Reverend Bishop Hose u.d., their President, on bis well-
deserved retirement after a period of over forty years. It was
to him, the Founder of the Society in 1877 that the
PROCEEDINGS.
Til
society was indebted for its inception and for its continuance
for thirty years, during which he occupied the position of
President almost without a break, till the actual date of his
retirement. He also contributed on various occasions to its
Journal and in every way possible assisted in the furthering
of the objects of the society.
A letter from Mr. H. C. Robinson was read stating that
a scheme for the systematic study of the Fauna of the
Peninsula had been laid down. The Reptiles. Batrachians
and birds had been well studied but the mammals had been as
yet little investigated. The Government of the F. M. S.
h id sanctioned the insertion of a certain sum of money in the
estimates for the purpose and it was suggested that the society
might provide a substantial grant to be devoted to the same
purpose. Eventually the sum $500 a year for three years was
voted.
The officer 8 for the ensuing year were then elected viz.
President :
Dr. Galloway.
Vice-President Singapore :
W. D. Barnes.
„ Penang :
Hon. R. N. Bland.
Secretary :
H. N. Ridley.
Treasurer :
R. J. Bartlett.
Councillors :
Dr. Hanitsch.
»»
V. S. Flower.
>>
A. Knight.
»»
C. B. Kloss.
>)
H. Marriott.
List of Members for 1908.
* Life Members. t Honorary Members.
Patron: H. E. Sir John Anderson, k.c.m.g.
Abbott, Dr. W. L. Singapore.
Acton, R. D. K. Lumpor, Selangor.
Adams, A. R. Hon, m.l.c. Penang.
Anderson, E. Singapore.
Anthonisz, Hon. J. O. Singapore.
BAMPFYLDE, Hon. C. A. England.
"Banks, J. E. Iowa. U. S. A.
Barker, Dr. A. J. G. Sarawak.
Barnard, B. H. F. Selangor.
Barnes, W. D. Singapore.
Bartlett, R. J. Singapore.
BEATTY, D. Penang.
Bentara Luar, Hon. Dato, s.p.m.j. Batu Pahat.
BlCKNELL, W. A. Penang
Bidwell, R. A. J. Singapore.
Birch, Hon. J. K. England.
Birch, E. W., c.m.g. Taipeng, Perak.
*BlSHOP, J. E. N. Sembilan.
Bishop, Capt. C. F. Pulo Brani.
Blagden, C. O., m.a. Switzerland.
Bland, Hon. R. N. Penang.
Bland, Mrs. R. N. Penang.
Brockman, Hon. E. L. Kuala Lumpor.
MEMBERS OF 1908.
IX
Brown, Dr. W. C.
Bryant, A. T.
Buckley, C. B.
Burgess, P. J.
Burn-Murdoch, A. M.
Butler, A. L.
Byrne, H. E.
Campbell, J. W.
Campbell, A.
Camus, M. de
Carruthers, J. B.
Cerruti, Giovanni Battista.
Chapman, W. J.
Clifford, Hon. H.
Collyer, Hon. W. R., i.s.o.
Collinge, H. B.
*Conlay, W. L.
Cook, Rev. J. A. B.
Curtis, C„ f.l.s.
Dallas, Hon. F. H.
Dane, Dr. R.
Dent, Sir Alfred, k.c.m.g.
Dent, Dr. F.
'Deshon, Hon. II. F.
Dew, A. T.
Dew, E. Costa.
Dickson, E. A.
Donald, Dr. .1.
Douglas, F. W.
Douglas, R. S.
Dunkerley, Yen. Arc h. W.
England.
Singapore.
Singapore.
England.
K. Lumpor, Selangor.
Khartoum, Egypt.
K. Lumpor, Selangor.
Kuala Lumpor.
K. Lumpor, Selangor.
Ulu Slim, Perak.
Ceylon.
England.
Larut, Perak.
K. Lumpor, Selangor.
Singapore.
England.
Sarawak.
Singapore.
England.
Singapore.
Sarawak.
Batang Padang, Perak.
Singapore.
Kuala Pilah, Negri
Sembilan.
Penang.
Batang Padang, Perak.
Baram, Sarawak.
H. C. M.a. England.
Edgar. Dr. P. Galistan.
Ipoh, Perak.
MEMBERS OF 1908.
Edmonds, R. C. Penang.
Egerton, His Excellency Sir W., k.c.m.g.
Lagos, W. Africa.
ELCUM, J. B. Singapore.
Everett, H. H. Santubong, Sarawak.
Fleming, T. C.
*Flower. Capt. S. S., f.l.s.
Flower, V. A.
Fort, Hon. Hugh.
Freer, Dr. G. D.
Galloway, Dr. D. J.
Gardner, N. E. A.
*Gerini, Lt. Col. G. E.
Gibson, W. S.
*Gimlette, Dr. J. D.
Grandjean, W. D.
Gueritz, E. P. His Ex :
Haines, Rev. F. W.
Hale, A.
Hanitsch, Dr. R.
Harrison, Dr. H. M.
Haynes, A. Sidney.
Hellier, Maurice.
Hemmant, G.
Hervey, D. F. A., c.m.g.
Hewitt, John.
Hall, G. A.
Hill, Hon. E, C.
Hinks, Lt. T. C.
tHosE, Rt. Rev. Bishop G. F., m.a.
Hose, E. S.
Hose, R. E.
HOYNCK VAN PAPENDRECHT, P. C.
Pahang.
Ghizeh, Egypt.
Singapore.
Singapore.
Singapore.
Singapore.
N. Sembilan.
Bangkok, Siam.
Singapore.
Kelantan. (
Singapore.
Sandakan.
Penang.
Taipeng, Perak.
Singapore.
Pekan, Pahang.
England.
Singapore.
Kuala Pilah, Negri
Sembilan
Aldeburgh, England.
Sarawak.
Singapore.
Singapore.
England.
England.
K. Lumpor, Selangor.
Busau, Sarawak.
Germany.
MEMBERS OF 1908.
xi
HULLETT, R. W., M.A.
Humphreys, J. L.
Izard, Rev. H. C.
Janion, E. M.
Johnston, L. A. M.
Kehding, Dr.
Ker, J. Campbell.
Kinsey, W. E.
KlRKPATRICK, JlVONE.
Kloss, C. Boden.
Knight, Arthur.
Knocker, F. W.
Krieckenbeek, J. W.
Laidlaw, G. M.
tLAWES, Rev. W. G.
Laws, G., m.e., a.i.m.m.
Lawrence, A. E.
Lemon, A. H.
Lermit, A. W.
Lewis, J. E. A., b. a.
Lim Boon Keng, Dr.
Luering, Rev. Dr. H. L. E.
Lyons, Rev. E.
England.
Malacca.
Singapore.
Singapore.
Hongkong.
Med an, Deli.
Johore.
Kuala Pilah, Negri
Sembilan.
Sarawak.
Kuala Lumpor.
Singapore.
Tailing, Perak.
Pahang.
Telok Anson, Perak.
New Guinea.
Singapore.
Sarawak.
Singai>ore.
Singai>oro.
Kuching, Sarawak.
Singapore.
Penang.
l)agii])an, Philippine I.
MACHADO, A. D. Sungei Siput, Pemk.
MACLAREN, J. W. J). Singji]K)re.
MacDougal, Dr. W. Christmas Tslnncl.
Mahomed.bin Mahbob, Hon. Dato. Johore.
Makepeace, \V. Singapore.
Marriott, H. Singai>ore.
MARRINER, J. T. Kelantan.
Marshall, F. C. Raub, Pahang.
Xll
MEMBERS OF 1908.
Mason, J. S.
Maxwell, Eric.
McCausland, C. F.
Maxwell, W. Geo.
Moorhouse, Sydney.
nanson, w., b.a., f.s.a.
Napier, Hon. W. J., d.c.l.
Norman, Henry.
Nunn, B.
Pears, Francis.
tPERHAM, Ven. Archdeacon, A.
Pykett, Key. G. F.
Pra, C. Da.
Pringle, R. D.
Pustau, R. von.
Rankin, H. F.
Ridley, IT. N. m.a., f.r.s.
Rigby, J.
Richards, W. S. O.
Roberts, J. A., m.a.
Roberts, B. G.
Robinson, H. C.
Rostados, E.
Rowland, \V. R.
Selangor.
Ipoh, Perak.
Batu Gajah, Perak.
Singapore.
Malacca.
Singapore.
Singapore.
Jugra, Selangor.
Malacca.
Muar.
England.
Penang.
N. Sembilan.
Singapore.
Germany.
Amoy.
Singapore.
Perak.
Singapore.
Ipoh, Perak.
K. Lumpor, Selangor.
Tras, Pahang.
Port Dickson, Negri
Sembilan.
tSarawak, H. H. Rajah of, g.c.m.g. Sarawak.
Sarawak, H. H. The Rance of England.
ISatow, Sir E. M,, k.c.m.g.
Saunders, C. J.
Schwabe, E. M.
scrivenor, j. b.
Seah Liang Seah
England.
Singapore.
Tanjong Rambutan
Perak.
Selangor.
Singapore.
MEMBERS OF 1908.
xm
Seah Song Seah
Shelford, R.
Shelford, W. H.
Shellabear, Rev. W. G.
Simmons, J. W.
Singer, C.
Skeat, W. W.
Skertchly, E. J.
tSMiTH, Sir Cecil C, g.c.m.g.
Staples, F. W. M.
St. Clair, W. G.
Sugars, J. C.
Tan Cheng Lock.
Tatlock, J. H.
Thomas, G. E. V.
Singapore.
Oxford.
Singapore.
Malacca.
Tampin, N. Sembilan.
England.
England.
Penang.
England.
Klang Selangor.
Singapore.
Batang Padang, Perak.
Malacca,
[poh, Perak.
Singapore.
Van Benningen von Helsdingen.Dr. R. Tanjong Pandan,
Billiton.
Walker, Lt. Col. R. S. F., c.m.g.
Waterstradt, J.
W T atkins, A. J. W.
Welham. H.
Wellington, Dr. A. R.
West, Rev. B. F.
WlCKKTT, F., M.I.C.E.
Williams, J. II.
Winstedt, R. 0.
W t ood, E. G.
Wolff, E. C H.
Taipeng, Perak. .
Batjan, Sourabaya.
Singapore.
Penang.
Sarawak.
U. S. A.
Lahat, Perak.
Singapore.
Tapah, Purak
Kuala Lumpur.
Selangor.
*Y0UNG, H. S.
Bau, Sarawak.
Annual Report for 1907.
Tbe Council are glad to be able to state that during the
year the financial state of the Society has been satisfactory and
that there have been a considerable number of new members
added to the Society.
The following were elected this year :
Mb. J. W. Krieckenbeek
„ E. M. J ANION
Dr. T. Hayward Hays
Mb. E. Costa Dew
C. Da Pra
G. A. Hall
N. E. A. Gardner
>>
»»
99
Mr. H. Wellman
Humphries
J. T. Marrinbr
13. T. K. Johnson
E. Anderson
Dr. F. Dent
Hon. A. R. Adams
>>
i)
»»
>>
»»
»*
The Council have to record the loss to the society of the
Right Reverend Bishop Hose who has lately retired from the
East. Bishop Hose was the founder of the Society in the year
1877 and was the last member of the original council of tbe
Society in the Straits Settlements. He was the first president
of the society and occupied that position almost without break
till his retirement in February of this year.
During the past year, the Hon. Secretary, Mr. H. N. Ridley
was absent on leave for nine months and Mr. Hellier kindly
acted for him.
A journal No. 48 was issued and another No. 49 is ready
for distribution to the Members.
A Map Committee was formed to bring out a new edition
of the map, the old edition being sold out, and they commenced
the work of compiling and revising.
An Index to the Journal was compiled by Mr. W. I)
Barnes and offered to the Society. It was decided to complete
and publish it when volume 50 was published.
A number of books and pamphlets were added by presenta-
tion to the Library of the Society.
The Treasurer's report is appended.
i 2 sis
•» § S 5
' : 1 \s ■ =g.| • 11 ; | -| -| ■
be a a % "HE £ £ fa
i,Sm] |^ »- g . _ » ^
".J'B : a 5 3 - : § "3 : "a : J* : .sf !
ii 1 1
S_: I
00.^300— -t
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23SC}E3=5^ ■-.9' _ _ o
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- v 1 "*
RULES
OF THE STRAITS BRANCH
OF THE
Royal Asiatic Society.
I. Name and Objects.
1. The name of the Society shall be ' The Straits
Branch of the lioval Asiatic Society.'
2. The objects of the Society shall be : —
(a) the increase and diffusion of knowledge concerning
British Malaya and the neighbouring countries.
■(b) the publication of a Journal and of works and \
maps.
(c) the formation of a library of books and maps.
II. Membership.
3. Members shall be of two kinds — Ordinary and
Honorary.
4. Candidates for ordinary membership shall be pro-
posed and seconded by members and elected by a majority of
the Council.
5. Ordinary members shall pay an annual subscription
of $5 payable in advance on the first of January in each year.
Members shall be allowed to compound for life membership
by a payment of $50.
RULES OF THE KOYAL ASIATIC SOCIETY
6. On or about the 30th of June in each year the
Honorary Treasurer shall prepare and submit to the Council
a list of those members whose subscriptions for the current
year remain unpaid. Such members shall be deemed to be
suspended from membership until their subscriptions have
been paid, and in default of payment within two years shall
be deemed to have resigned their membership.
No member shall receive a copy of the Journal or other
publication of the Society until hi* subscription for the
current year has l>een paid.
7. Distinguished persons and persons who have rendered
notable service to the Societv mav on the recommendation of
the Council be elected Honorary members by a majority at a
(Jeneral meeting. They shall pay no subscription, and shall
enjoy n4 the privileges of a member except a vote at meetings
and eligibility for office.
III. Officers.
S. The officers of the Society shall be: —
A President.
Three Vice Presidents, resident in Singapore, Penang, and the
Federated Malay States respectively.
An Honorary Secretary.
An Honorarv Treasurer.
•
An Honorarv Librarian.
Four Councillors.
These officers shall be elected for one year at the annual
(Jeneral Meeting, and shall hold office until iheir sueeessors
are appointed.
!). Vacancies in the above offices occurring during any
vear shall 1)0 tilled bv the Council.
IV. Council.
10. The Council of the Society shall be composed of
the officers for the current year, ami its duties and powers
shall be: —
RULES OF THE ROYAL ASIATIC SOCIETY.
(a) to administer the affairs, property and trusts of
the Society.
(b) to elect ordinary members and to recommend can-
didates for election as Honorary members of the Society.
(c) to obtain and select material for publication in the
Journal and to supervise the printing and distribution of the
Journal.
(d) to authorise the publication of works and maps at
the expense of the Society otherwise than in the Journal.
(e) to select and purchase books and maps for the
Library.
(f) to accept or decline donations on behalf of the
Society.
(g) to present to the Annual General Meeting at the
expiration of their term of office a report of the proceedings
and condition of the Society.
(h) to make and enforce by-laws and regulations for
the proper conduct of the affairs of the Society. Every such
by-law or regulation shall be published in the Journal.
11. The Council shall meet for the transaction of
business once a quarter, and oftener if necessary. Three
officers shall form a quorum of the Council.
V. General Meetings.
12. One week's notice of all meetings and of the sub-
jects to be discussed or dealt with shall be given.
13. At all meetings the Chairman shall in the case of
an equality of votes be entitled to a casting vote in addition
to his own.
14. The Annual General Meeting shall be held in
February in each year. Eleven members shall form a
quorum.
15. (i) At the Annual General Meeting the Council
shall present a Report for the preceding year and the Treas-
RULES OF THE ROYAL ASIATIC SOCIETY.
urer shall render an account of the financial condition of
the Society. Copies of such Report and account shall be
circulated to members with the notice calling the meeting.
(ii) Officers for the current year shall also be chosen.
16. The Council may summon a General Meeting at
any time, and shall so summon one upon receipt by the Secre-
tary of a written requisition signed by five ordinary members
desiring to submit any specified resolution to such meeting.
Seven members shall form a quorum at any such meeting.
17. Visitors may be admitted to any meeting at the
discretion of the Chairman but shall not be allowed to address
the meeting except by invitation of the Chairman.
VI. Publications.
18. The Journal shall be published at least twice in each
year, and oftener if material is available. In the first number
in each year shall be published the lleport of the Council, the
account of the financial position of the Society, a list of
members, the Rules, and a list of the publications received by
the Society during the preceding year.
19. Every member shall be entitled to one copy of the
Journal, which shall be sent free by post. Copies may be
presented by the Council to other Societies or to distinguished
individuals, and the remaining copies shall be sold at such
prices as the Council shall from time to time direct.
20. Twenty- four copies of each paper published in the
Journal shall be placed at the disposal of the author.
VII. Amendments to Rules.
21. Amendments to these Rules must be proposed in
writing to the Council, who shall submit them to a General
Meeting duly summoned to consider them. If passed at such
General Meeting they shall come into force at once.
A List of the Ferns of the Malay Peninsula.
By H. X. Ridley, f.r.s.
ft
As might be expected in a wet tropical forest region such
as the Malay Peninsula, the iiuiuIhm* of ferns is very large, no
less than .**82 species being recorded, and further the number
of individuals is so large that they form a very conspicuous
feature in the forests and damp open spots.
That the number of species occurring here will be very
largely increased by futher discoveries may be taken as certain,
for there still remains a very large area of the country es-
ptK'ially in the centre and northern part of the peninsula
which lias not as yet been investigated by the lovers of ferns.
The ferns of the plain country of the west coast are
probably pretty well known and the Thaiping J 1 ills ami some
of the other hill-ranges have been the collecting grounds of
Day, Scortechini, and Kunstler. The ferns of Penang were
well collected by Curtis, but the hill-ranges of Selangor and
I'ahang and the low country of the east coast have? as yet
been onlv partiallv searched and that mainly bv myself. The
northern states on the borders of Siam have been hardly in-
ftr
vest iga ted at all, and are likely to produce many additions to
our flora.
In following the arrangement of Bcddomc's Ferns of
British India, 1 have incorporated into the list some species
recorded by him from definite localities in the j>en insula
which have not been seen by me. There are however a good
many recorded by him as from "Malay peninsula" without
special localities, and which have not l>ccn apparently met
with again. Those I have excluded at present as some authors
include Tenasserim as part of the Malay peninsula and the
plants thus vaguely localised may have been obtained across
the border.
Jour. Straiti Branch, R. A. Hoc., No. ft), 1008.
2 FERNS OF THE MALAY PENINSULA.
I am indebted to Dr. Christ of Basle for identification of
many species, as well as to Bishop Hose, and Surgeon General
C. T. Matthew, who always spent his spare time in Sing-
apore during the short stays of his ship in searching the
forests of Singapore for ferns, witli no little success.
The chief collectors of ferns in the peninsula have been
Father Scortechini, Mi:. Day? Mr. Kunstler, who collected for
the Calcutta Gardens, Mr. Hullett, flight Keverend Bishop
Hose, Mr. Curtis and in earlier days W. Norris, Lady Dal-
housie, Mr. Pinwill, Dr. Wallich and Cuming.
Habitats. The most abundant and conspicuous fern is
perhaps the well-known % * ttesam " (Uo'uhenia linearis which
covers considerable tracts of country on the edges of forest,
and whore the forest has l>een felled and burnt. In such
spots it produces dense thickets very troublesome to penetrate.
In the hill districts it is replaced by other species of Olei-
c/tenia, (j. hi Ha. G. (jlaucfi and (#. flagrllaris. In more sandy
places in the low country, we find the common bracken. Pterin
aquiliaa taking its place. 'Phis is probably the most widely
distributed and abundant of any vascular plant in the world.
It is remarkable too how little this plant varies in different
regions of the globe. There is but little visible difference
between the bracken of the woods of Kent and that of the hot
sandy country of Singapore, the chief difference being the
more woody texture of the stalks in the tropical form.
Another fern which forms thick masses is the local
Matotiia prrlinata of Mount Ophir and others of our higher
hills. This beautiful fern often occurs growing in close
thickets, like bracken.
Dipt oris Horsfieldii grows in a similar manner over the
sea-coast cliffs and on clay banks at 2000 feet and upwards in
close masses. It is noticeable that all these ferns are re-
markably difficult to cultivate, abundantlv and readilv as thev
grow in a natural state. All attempts to grow Dipteris and
Matonia have failed, while the (Ueichenias and the Bracken
too are notoriously troublesome to transplant.
Very common and conspicuous too are the Lygodiums,
known here as u Kibu-liibu,'? literally " thousands," from
Jour. Straits Branch.
FERNS OF THE MALAY PENINSULA. 3
their numerous leaflets, L. circinatum and L. m'urophyUum.
So abundant are these ferns climbing over bushes and
through grasses, that they are extensively used in decorating
ballrooms in the form of twisted roj>es of the ferns.
An oogonium esciilcntum is a very common fern fringing
the banks of muddv rivers in dense thickets, and verv abun-
dant too is the ,: *Lamiding %, Strnochlocna jm/u'stri* scrambling
and climbing over trees and bushes. Both of these last
mentioned ferns are eaten as potherbs by the Malays.
AcrostichuiH aureum a big tufted fern occurring in tidal
river mud all over the warmer parts of the world is very abun-
dant. It occasionally is to be met with in damp places far
away from the sea or any tidal river. In most of these places
however I l>clieve that it has merely persisted for many years
after the river on whose banks it formerly grow has been
silted up ami now forms part of the dry land. A large clump
still grows in the Economic Gardens at Singapore where the
original river on which it doubtless first started its growth
lias lieen drv land since anv historv of it has been known,
though Xipah fruits still dug up in the surrounding soil prove
that at one time the tides reached this spot. 1 have also
found the Arrostirhum far inland at the base of Uunong
Pantai in Johor, and still further from the sea at Bukit
Asahan at the foot of Mount Ophir and over thirty miles from
the Coast. Most of the ferns however occur in a more isolated
manner, though many are very abundant.
The richest localities for ferns are the wet densely
forested hills at altitudes of from 1000 to 5000 feet but the
damp rocky woods of the plains are also very rich. The drier
woods are less abundantly supplied, but many species arc very
characteristic of this kind of locality. Such are the Schizoeas,
Lindsayas, Xeph rodiums.
Even the sands of the sea-coast produce some species such
as DavalVut solida and I), rlrgmis, the Humatas and Schiznea
duhoioma. At high elevations there is a noticeable dis-
appearance of the thin textured ferns such as the Xephro-
diums and Lastraeas, which are replaced by the more eori-
R. A. Soc., No. 50. 1008.
4 FERNS OF THE MALAY PENINSULA.
aceous leaved xerophytic Dipteris, Matonia, Polypodiums,
Oleandras and such ferns.
Epiphytic species are very abundant frequently covering
the trees, especially at high altitudes, but as it seen in other
groups of plants, ferns which in the plants only occur on the
upper branches of lofty trees, grow at an altitude of three or
four thousand feet quite low down, and not rarely on rocks.
Some of these high growing ferns are not at all easy to
cultivate at low altitudes, but IDarallia triphylla which only
occurs in a wild state on the topmost boughs of trees a
hundred or a hundred and fifty feet high, I have met with
on several occasions transplanted, accidentally or intentionally
to the base of trees a few feet from the ground and thriving
well. This fern was formerlv considered so rare that about
20 years ago few herbaria in Europe had a specimen, but as
a matter of fact it is by no means a rare plant. (J rowing as
it does onlv on the inaccessible branches of lofty trees, it
could only be obtained by searching for fallen boughs on
which it happened to be growing.
Two of the most curious of our ferns are epiphytic plants
remarkable for their rhizomes being modified so as to form
nests for ants. They are Leva no pi 'eras vornoxn and PI en pelt is
sinuosa. The former which occurs abundantly on trees at 3000
much after the manner of the rubiaceous plant Myrmeeodia.
Pleopellis sinuosa has a thick scaly rhizome hollow inside and
also inhabited by ants. It is abundant in Singapore. It
is curious that flesh v and succulent as the rhizome of this
plant is, it is one of the first epiphytic plants to die during
a short dry spell. One would have thought its supply of
water in the rhizome would have been sufficient to have
prevented this.
Distribution of Ferns. As ferns are disseminated by the
floating of their dust-like spores on the wind to immense dis-
tances it will easily be understood that many of the species
have a very wide distribution over the surface of the globe.
Ferns indeed are among the first of the higher plants to
appear on newly cleared ground, if the soil and climate suit
them.
./our. Straits Branch
FERNS OF THE MALAV PENINSULA. 5
The majority of our ferns occur in the Malay islands
also, and a large proportion are found in the Mascarene
islands, as well as India and Polynesia and South America,
which is not the case with the higher flowering plants, few
of which except some wmls carried ahout by human agency
have as wide a distribution. Six species even occur in the
British Isles, viz., Trichomaiies radicans, Hymenophyllum
T nub rid ye use, Pleris aquilina, Lastrea Tlwly pleris and Poly'
stichum aeuleatum and Adia»tum ( 1 apillus-rcneris.
There are however about 40 species which are endemic,
never having been collected anywhere else except in the
peninsula at present.
Uses of Ferns.
A good manv of the local ferns are used for food in the
form of pot herbs in place of spinach, or as sumbuls with
currw but chieflv bv natives; for excellent as manv of these
are, Europeans are not acquainted with their merits and rarely
use them. Among the most popular are Sleuochloena pains-
Iris the " Miding " or " Lamiding " of the Malays, Auisoyo-
iiium esculent nut ik Pakn Anjing," and the water-fern Ccra-
lo/dcris Ihalielroidvs, which occurs often abundantly in
ditches. Of these ferns the young fronds are collected and
boiled.
From the stems of Kesam, ((ileiehenia linearis) are made
pens, and they are also used for making the walls and par-
titions of the tishing-stakes.
The fronds of the common Pleopcltis Phymatodes, when
dry, exhale a delicious odour of Coumarin, like that of the
Tonkin bean. Hence this fern is known as Paku Wangi or
scented fern. The fronds are dried and put among clothes,
especially 1 am told by the Eurasian population in order to
give them a pleasant perfume.
Comparatively few ferns are accredited here with medical
properties. The golden brown hairs on the rhizome of Cileo-
iium Barometz are used as a styptic for wounds for which they
are very suitable, and the rhizomes are sold in the drug-shop^
B« A. Soc., >*o. 50, 1908.
6 FERNS OF THE MALAY PENINSULA.
under the name of ' Penawar Janibi." This vegetable fur is
even exported to Europe for the same purpose, being used not
only as a styptic but as an antiseptic in planters.
The fronds of the number of a softer textured ferns are
used pounded up as poultices for boils or sores ; such are those
of Cyalhra Br u noma (also eaten as a pot herb by Jakuns),
and Phcyopteris punctatum.
The ashes of Drymiria qnvrri folia fronds are applied to
the abdomen in eases of miscarriage.
(iLEICHEXlACEAE.
(Jlliciikxia.
67. rirrinala (S\v.) Damp rocks and streams at about 4000
feet elevation. Malacca, Mt. Ophir (Hullett, Perry
Wo) ; Perak. (iuuong Bubu (Cantley) : Kedah, Gunong
Jerai (Ridley). Distrib. Australia, New Zealand and
New Caledonia.
67. diairjHX (Br.) Perak. (iunong Berumhun (Wray 158-1) ;
Province Wclleslcv, Bukit Panchur (Ridlev 12633).
var. af/nita Bedd. Perak (Scort echini. King's Coll.
).') 1~>). hist ril), Malay isles, Australia. New Zealand.
67. hirhi (Bl.) Hill districts. Malacca, Mt. Ophir (Lang,
Ridley); Perak ( Scort ech i ni ) : Penang Hill (Norris,
llullett) ; Kedah, (iunong Jerai (Ridley).
67. Xorrisii Mett. Hill districts. Perak, Bujong Malacca
(Ridley yrm. Curtis 3314) : (iunong r u | iu (Wray 210) ;
(jlunong Batu Putih (Wray 21.1). Endemic.
67. gloura (Hook.) 6*. fon</i.s*iwa Bl. Very abundant at
about 1000 feet elevation and upwards, forming dense
masses. Johor, (.iunong Pulai (Ridlev 12127 ) : Malacca,
Mt. Ophir (Lang) : Perak, Larut Hills (Fox 131, Ridley
lonoS); Penang Hill very abundant (Ridley 7082)';
Kedah, (iunong Jerai ("Ridley). Distrib. Malaya, China,
Australia, Polynesia, Trop. America.
Jour. Straits Brunch
FERNS OF THE MALAY PEN INSULA. I 7
67. fliiyplUms Spr. Abundant on hill tops from about 1000
feet upwards. Malacca, Mt. Ophir (Dcrry 004) ; Negri
Sembilan, Gunong Angsi (Ridlev) : Perak, Maxwell's
Hill (Kidlcv lOoVH)); Penang Hill (Hullett). Distrib.
Masearenc isles, Malay isles, Polynesia.
Gl. linearis (Burn). 67. tlichofoma, Willd. The commonest
occurring everywhere in the low country, in immense
almost impenetrable masses. Native name " Resam/'
The stems used for making pens, and also for fishing
stakes. Singapore, Tanglin. etc. (Ridley); Malacca;
Johor, Gunong Pulai (Hidlev 1212N); Perak, Gopcng,
Sungei Rayah (King's Coll. 10(>J> ) : Penang. Distrib.
India, .Japan, Australia, Polynesia, Trop. America.
CVATUKA.
C. HritHonis Wall. Common in woods at no great elevation.
Native names •• Paku Pahat," % * Paku (rajah Rayah,"
''Paku llitani Pavah," "Paku Salamah." The leaves
are eaten a> a vegetable by the Jakuns, and also used to
poultice mhv legs, .lohor. near Castlewood, Ratu Pahat
(Ridley 110GI): Negri Sembilan, Perhentian Tinggi
(Ridley) : Malacca, Bukit Kavu A rang (Cant ley's Coll.),
Rukit Tungul (Ridley 44o:;'), Hukit Bruang; Pahang,
Tahan River (Kidlcv): Selangor, Kwala Lumpur (Kid-
lev in |s:> ) . Batang Padang (Murdoch); Perak, (toping
(King's Coll. K.j)'. Larut ( King's Coll. 188.1) : Penang
Hill near the top (Kidley >:><»). Distrib. Malay
islands.
AmI'IIKOsMIA.
.1. oltfroHs Hook. Singapore. Bukit Tiinah (Iiidley 12.V>I) :
dohor. Bat u Pahat (Hullett): Selangor, Kwala Lumpur
(Kidlcv HUL'i): Perak, Gunong Bubu (Cantlev) ;
Penang Hill, Penara Bukit (Kidley ;i.):l, ; i:>(;, UnW).
Distrib. Borneo.
A handsome tree fern in damp forests.
B. A. Soc., No. 50. 1908.
t
8 FERNS OF THE MALAY PENINSULA.
Alsopiiila.
A. hdebrosa Hook. The commonest tree fern in the low
country, stem 8 to 12- feet tall. Singapore common,
Bukit Tiinah, Chan Chu Kang (Bidley 1)123), Clnia Chu
Kang (Ridley G029); Johor, Tanjong Kupang (Bidley
4400) ; Malacca, Aver Panas, Aver Keroh (Bidley
10705) ; Selangor, Batang Berjuntai (Ridley ?870), Gua
Batu (Ridley 8141) ; Perak, Larut (King's Coll. 23591,
?31T), Thaiping (Curtis) ; Penang Hill, Province Wel-
lcsley, Tasek Uelugur (Ridley 6965) ; Kedah, Yan (Rid-
lev 51 « 7).
A. co mom Hook. Not rare in the low country, stem 8 or 9
i'eet tall. Singapore, Bukit Tiinah, Jurong (Ridley
oi.Vj). Reservoir woods. Perak, Kinta (King's Coll.
7118), Larut (Bishop Hose); Penang Hill (Hullctt),
Koad to Penara Bukit (Ridley 7153). Distrib. Malay
isles.
A. Iiidlcj/i Baker. Stem very short almost none. Damp low-
woods. Singapore, Sungai Morai (Ridlev 1401), Chan
Chu Kang (Pidlcy 6li2), Chua Chu Kang (6031).
Endemic.
A. commutata Mett. Hills at 1000 feet. Malacca, Mt. Ophir
(Ridley 9857, 3319): Pahang, Kluang Terbang
(Barnes) : Selangor, Bukit llitam (Ridley 7\S09) ; Perak,
I,arut (King's ('oil. 190N, 7150), (iunoiig Bubu (Cant-
ley), Bujong Malacca (Ridley 9G04).
A. (jhtbru Hook. Perak (Scortechini) ; Kedah Peak (Bidley
515G, 5157) ; Langkawi, (funong Rayah (Curtis). Dis-
trib. India, China, Malava.
A. ylnnca (Sw.) A. conlaminuus Hook. A splendid tree
fern sometimes 20 feet tall, with the rachis and petiole
ashy blue. Johor, Bukit Soga (Ridley 1066); Sungei
l.'jong (Hullctt) : Selangor, Pahang track (Ridlev
8633), dinting Bidai (Bidlcy 7868) ; Perak, Larut Hills
(King's Coll. 4032). Common near the top of the hills.
Jour. Stralte Branch,
FERXS OF THE MALAY PENINSULA. 9
Penang Hill common at the top "(Ridley 7150). Distrib.
India and Malay islands.
I found a very curious form with fasciated fronds
on the Thaiping hills near the top.
A, Kittgii Bedd. Johor, Gunong Panti (Ridley) ; Perak, top
of Gunong Bubu (Kings Coll. 7402/ Wray 3860).
Endemic.
*1. crenulala Melt. Johor, Gunong Panti (Ridley) ; Selan-
gor, Bukit Kutu (Ridley T8G5) ; Dindings, Lumut (Rid-
ley) ; Perak, Gunong Keledang (Ridley 9548), Bujong
Malacca (Ridley 9551); Waterfall, Thaiping Hills (no
?8()5). Distril). Java.
A. (labia Bedd. Perak (Scortechini), Larut (Iving^ Coll.
2493). Endemic.
A. obxctmt, Scort. Perak, Gunong Hijau (Scortechini).
Endemic.
*1. (rich ode* ma Bedd. Perak (Scortechini). Endemic.
M AXON I A.
M. prct inula Br. By no means one of the rarest ferns a*
Beddome savs. It is local but usuallv very abundant
growing like bracken, where it occurs usually in open
spots on the top of bills. Malacca, Mount Ophir, Pa-
dang Batu, (all collectors) 3000 feet elevation. Selan-
gor, Hulu Semangkok (Ridlev): Perak, Gunong Bubu
(Scortechini 701); Kedab Peak (Uidley).
It also occurs in the Carimon islands quite low
down near the Waterfall and in Borneo.
D1CKSOX1EAE.
DlCKSOXIA.
I), awpla Bak. Perak, Maxwell's Hill (Ridley 5188), (Kings
Coll. 2159). Also Borneo.
R. A. Soc., No, 50, 19U8.
- f
■■ "i •
10 FERNS OF THE MALAY PENINSULA.
D. Kin g ii Bedd. Perak, Gunong Batu Putih (King's Coll.
8058) and Larut (2118). Endemic.
ClBOTIUM.
C. Baromeiz, Link. In woods at no elevation, not rare.
Native name " Penawar Jambi." The hairs from the
rhizome sold as a styptic. 'Hie rhizome usually short
creeping but I found it with a stem 4 feet tall on Kedah
Peak. Johor, Batu Pahat (Ridley 10981); Selangor,
Bukit Kulu (Ridley 78(34) ; Perak. Bujong MaJacca
( Ridley 0532), Gunoiig Batu Putih (Wray 489), Gunong
Ilijau (Scorteehini 122(5); Kedah, Gunong Serai (Rid-
ley 517 G) ; Penang, Mr. Erskine (Curtis). Distrib.
Malay islands and S. China.
IiECAXOrTEHIS.
L. aunosa Bl. Epiphytic with great irregular hollow tuber-
culated rhizomes full of ants. On very lofty Diptero-
carpus trees in the lower country, on lower trees in the
hills. Singapore, Bukit Timah (Ridley); Malacca,
Simgci Hudang (Goodenough no 1417 ) : Selangor, Bukit
llitam (Kelsali) ; Perak, Thai ping Hills (fiervey, etc.)
very abundant, Gunong Bubu (Cantley). Pistrib.
Malav isles.
HyMEXOPHYLLUM.
II. pulyimlhu* S\v. Common on trees and nx-ks, in the low
country and up to a considerable altitude. Singapore,
Bukit Timah, Bajau, Kranji (Ridley 5G07 ) : Johor,
Kampong Bahru, Gunong Pulai (Ridley) ; Pahang,
Tahan River (Ridley) ; Malacca, Mt. Ophir (R. Perry) ;
Perak, Bujong Malacca (Ridley 9609); Penang Hill
(Hullett, Ridley 70T2) ; Kedah, Gunong Jerai (Ridley),
var. Blumeana. Singapore, Bukit Timah (Matthew),
Sungei Morai (Ridley 440(5), Bukit Mandai (Ridley
Jour. Straits Branch.
FKRNS OF THE MALAY PENINSULA. 11
89:58) ; Pahang, Tahan River (Bidlev) ; Selangor, Bukit
Kutu (Ridley 7872): Perak (Scortcchini 320).
//. jarankum (Spreng). Rocks and trees from about 1000
feet upward*. Johor, (Junong Pulai (Hullett) ; Malacca,
Mt. Ophir (Ridlev 9992) ; Selangor, Pahang Track (Rid-
ley 8773, 8774); Perak, Thaiping Hills (Kings Coll.
218?, Seortechini, Wray), Bujong Malacca (Ridley).
var. hmliuHi. Perak, Maxwell's ilill (Bishop J lose*,
Ridley 5182, Curtis 2084); Penang Ilill (Hullett).
Distrib. Mascarene islands. India to Australia.
//. Smil/iii Hook. Singapore, Kranji (Matthew) : Johor,
G in long Banang, Batu Pahat (Ridlev 101)85): Selangor,
Semangkok Pass (Ridley 12034); Penang Hill (Ridley
7072). Distrib. Malay isles.
//. ftrodurhim K/.e. Singapore, Kranji (Ridley 1687) ;
Perak, Maxwell's Hill (Wray): Kedah, Gunoiig Jerai
(Ridlev). Distrib. Malava, Polvncsia.
//. f/ihtlahtm (Sw.) Perak, Larut (King's Col lector). Dis-
trib. .fax a and New Zealand.
//. tuuhrithjpuse Sin. Rare. Kedah Peak (Ridley 5178).
Distribution Kurope. Africa, South America and New
Zealand. Identified bv Dr. Christ.
.//. anilrohnn Y. I). Bosch. Singapore, Woodlands (Christ) ;
Perak at -lOfM.i feet alt. (King's Coll.): Penang 3O0O
feet alt. (Day). Also Java.
//. fi/finr V. D. Boseh. Johor, Mt. Austin (Ridlev 1253!),
125-10). (Junong Pulai (Ridley 12135). Distrib. Java.
//. tlfufkiiftittuii Sw. Singapore, Kranji (Ridley lb'87 ) ;
Perak, Maxwell's Ilill (Wray): Kedah, Gunong Jerai
(Ridley). Distrib. Java.
//. Xmtii Hook. Common on trees low country up to 4000
fivt elevation. Singapore, Bukit Mandai (Ridley 98-10),
Kranji, Woodlands, Selitar: Johor, Pengaram, Tanjong
Bunga (Ridley): Malacca, Mt. Ophir, (Junong Mering
(Ridley), Batu Tiga (Derry) ; Pahang, Talian River
B, A. 8oc„ No. 50, 1908.
«
12 FERNS OF THE MALAY PENINSULA.
(Ridley 2153, 21M), Kluang Torbang (Barnes); Se-
langor, Rawang, Bukit Kutu (Kidlcy 1)852), llulu Se-
mangkok (12036); Negri Sembilan, Perhentian Tinggi
(Ridlcv) ; Dindings, Lumut (Ridlcv 7145); Perak
(Scorteehini), Maxwell's Hill (Curtis 2083), Bujong
Malacca (Ridlev 9C>10); Penang Hill, Penara Bukit
(Itidlcy 7U6)." Distrib. Malay isles, Fiji.
Tkichomanes.
Tr. Motleyi V. I). Bosch. Singapore, Stagmount (Ridley).
Distrib. Tenasserini, Andaman*, Ceylon, Borneo, New
Caledonia.
Tr. Ilenzaicnuim (Parish). Singapore, Feruvalley, Bukit
Timah (Matthew). Distrib. Burmah.
Tr. musroides (Sw.) On Bocks. Singapore, Feruvallev,
Bukit Timah; Malacca, Mt. Ophir (Ridley). Distrib.
India and Tropical Africa and America.
var. aub/imbalum. Very near the last species. Perak,
Bocks, Bujong Malacca (Ridley).
Tr. ncil (flier reuse, Bedd. Perak (Scorteehini). Distrib.
S. India.
Tr. /Htrruiitin Poiret. Perak (Scorteehini); IVnang Hill
(Kidlcy 1M8); Kedah Peak (Ridley). Distrib. Mada-
gascar, India, Malay isles, Japan, China and Polynesia.
Tr. humile Forst. Singapore, Woodlands (Matthew). Dis-
trib. Pacific islands, Philippine*.
Tr. palidum Bl. On trees and rocks usually at a consider-
able elevation, easily recognized by its ashv grov color
when alive. Singapore, Kranji (Matthew) ; Johor,
Uunong Panti (Ridley 41G1) ; Malacca, Mt. Ophir (Rid-
ley 0885); Perak, Gunong Hijau (Scorteehini). Dis.
trib. Java.
Tr. diyitaiitm Swartz. On trees. Singapore, Kranji (Rid-
ley) ; Pahang, Tahan River (Ridley); Selangor, Bukit
Kutu (Ridley ?8<3); Perak (Scorteehini), Gunong
Jour, Straits Branch*
FERNS OF THE MALAY PENINSULA. 13
Hijau ^Ridlev) ; Pcnang Hill (Bishop Hose), Pcnara
Bukit (Curtis 3062); Kcdah Peak (Ridley). Distrib.
Mauritius and Java.
Tr. proliferuw Bl. Perak, Larut 100-4000 feet (King's Coll.
2565). Distrib. Java, Philippines.
Tr. bipunctatum Poir. T. F'dinda Bory. On rocks. Sing-
apore, Chan Chu Kang (Ridley) ; Johor, Gunong Panti
(Hullett) ; Selangor, Bukit Hitam, Petal ing, Langat,
Batu Caves (Ridley 8143), Paliang Track (Maehado) ;
Dindings, Lumut (Ridlev): Perak, Larut (King's Coll.
1860, 1913, Scortechini), Thaiping (Ridley), Bujong
Malacca (Ridley 9606). Distrib. African islands, India,
Ceylon, Pacific islands.
Tr. pyxidifnrum L. Perak (Scortechini), Goping (King's
Coll. 4185) ; Pcnang Hill (Ridley). Distrib. Brazil.
Tr. javanicum Bl. very common on rocks in forest. Sing-
apore. Bukit Timah (Ridlev 9561)); Johor, Gunong
Panti, Batu Pahat (Ridley* 11065) ; Pahang, Tahan
Woods (Ridley 2181) ; Selangor, Rawang, Bukit Hitam,
Pahang Track (Ridlev 8665) ; Dindings, Lumut (Ridlev
7149*/) ; Perak, Maxwell's Hill at 3000 feet (Scortechini
541), Goping (King's Coll. 584); Penang Hill (Ridlev
7149) ; Lankawi (Curtis 2423). Distrib.' India, Malay
Archipelago.
Mixed with garlic and onion the dried fronds are
smoked as tobacco to cure headaches.
Tr. riqiduw, Swartz. Common in woods. Singapore, Bukit
Timah, Sungei Buluh, Chan Chu Kang (Ridley 6119),
Toas (1407); Johor, Castlewood, Gunong Pulai (Rid-
lev) ; Pahang, Tahan River (Ridlev 2161) ; Malacca, Mt.
Ophir (Ridlev 3332, 3320); Negri Sembilan, Gunong
Angsi (Ridlev 11815); Selangor, Batu Caves (Ridley
8661), Bukit Ilitam (Kelsall), Bukit Kutu (Ridlev
7871) ; Perak, Larut (King's Coll. 2404) ; Penang Hill
(Ridley); Kedah, Gunong Jerai (Ridley); Tringanu,
ft. A. Soc., No. 60, 1908.
14 FERNS OF THE MALAY PENINSULA.
Bnndi (Rostado). Distrib. S. Africa and islands,
Ceylon, Malay Archipelago, Polynesia and S. America.
Tr. pluma Hook. Not rare in the hills at about 4000 feet alt.
Malacca, Mt. Ophir (Bishop Hose, etc.) ; Selangor, Bukit
Hitam, Ginting Bidai, Semangkok Pass (Ridley 1210?) ;
Perak, Bujong Malacca (Ridley), Gunong Buim (Cant-
Icy), Gunong Hi jau (Wray, Scortechini 344).
77. parviflorum Poir. Tr. foenivulaceum Bory. Singapore,
Mooivs Herb (fide Beddome) ; Perak, Gunong Bubu
(Murton). Distrib. Mascarene isles, Borneo, Queens-
land.
Tr. (jem malum Sm. Malacca, Mt. Opbir, Mering and Tun-
'duk (Ridley 9881, Derry GOT). Distrib. Malay isles,
Polynesia, S. America.
Tr. apiifolium, Presl. Malacca, Mt. Ophir (King's Collector
iide Beddome). Distrib. Malay isles, Polynesia.
Tr. hispid til urn Melt. Singapore, near Selitar (Matthew and
Ridley) : Perak and Goping (King's Coll. 531), Tapa
(Wray 1305). Distrib. Borneo.
Tr. imi.rimum Bl. Jobor, Gunong Panti (Ridley); Malacca
(loc. incert.), (Hervey) ; Selangor, Pahang Track (Rid-
ley 8G38), Semangkok (12032) ; Perak, Bujong Malacca
a curious small form (Ridley 1)534), Larut 2500-3000
(King's Coll. 2225-528G), Maxwell's Hill (Scortechini
225), Tea Gardens (Ridley 3059). Dsitrib. Malay isles
and Polynesia.
Tr. radirans, Sw. Jobor, Paiani, Batu Pahat (Ridley
lOD'JO) ; Malacca, J cram Xvalas (Derry 1120) ; Sungei
Ujong (Hullett) : IVrak. Maxwell's Hill (Ridlev 5183,
K>;oj. Gunong Batu Putib (King's Coll. 8045) ; Penang
Hill at 2500 feet (Hullett). Distrib. Both hemispheres.
Tr. denticvhilum Bl. Jobor, (iunong Pantai, Gunong Pulai
(Ridley 12135) ; Negri Sembilan, Perhentian Tinggi
(Ridley) ; Penang Hill; Kedah Peak (Ridley). Distrib.
Java.
Jour. Straits Branch.
FEKN* CH TEE MALAV TVS1$*Y1A.
15
77. vtir'ti "in rut in IV. J i: ;.:■• :■!"." w,v»c]i -.L :rws. StJaiifror.
i limine Bid*: iliidi*'* - "r"^.: P'-riii:. Mfevweii"? Hill
H uni*. Nt-tirif l-1lU-. . . ■-iiutoh: B*-r TV:::. <Wr*iv 3-M).
lh-iriii. Mhi*»v imc-.. ^timi LU>; '-iLJaTifc.
Tr. hifi'atri'itst ('LriT:. yitaWL. M:. < >:•!/": < IjiTig » : Ferak.
IJujoiio Maib-.vt 'K. : i"v I»"ll i. Ti)a:r^u-r Hill>. En-
deiuic.
Jr. (,h*/i,nn„ IV:. lit j a-.- -a. M:. <">j»l- 1 j. < Timing Tn niink
«]{i«ljt-v !«*<*2. J«vs:: ■ : I'-.-i,;:. Buying Ma!an-a (Ridlry
!*i.;os )m ]»Mr.':-. .lu'.i:,
Jr. lliiiiriti Ci.-r. >iiiiraji- •:■•■. IV.ikii Tiu^ih (li!d]i-\ ).
Jr. «/.. J'«-iihuj.\ M«»l'"> I?-"*-! iMa::iivw «.
RWALLIEAK.
Hi mata.
II. in hroj'liiH'i Siniih. On dead invs or high up on living
on#-». or a!*o on the ground near the M-a. Singapore.
Krauji (Kidlry J>iUuj. Bajau. Changi i>ea»h (4:>.V>),
Pulau Broni and Pulau Chin (llulleit): .lohor. Bukit
Paiani. Bain Fahat (Ridley): Pahang. IVkan (Ridley
5Mi"iii|: lVrak. Lampatang (Si-ortcvhini l.VW). B. l\ 1>.
(King*- (.'oil. 7*21). Malav isles, Polvnesia.
H. nutjHstntn Wall. Singapore (Cuming X\?\) % Sungei Morai.
Chan i.lui Kang (Ridley 35!»!» ) ; Jolior. Bukit Pengarnm.
Kainj>ong Bahru (Ridlev) : Malacca. Mt. Ophir (Ridlev
:\MW>): Selangor. Pahang Track (Ititlloy S(ilT): Din-
dings, Luinut (Ridlev • i:U») ; Pcrak, Sungei Rvah
(King's Coll. 828), Maxwell's Hill (Seortechini 108),
Bnjong Malacca. (Junong Keledang (Ridley JKmO) :
Penang, Waterfall (Ridley), Hill (King); Kedah Peak
(Ridley oi;!)), A very curious form crenatelv deeply
lobed to the midrib grows on the roeks on Padaug Batii,
Mt. Ophir (Xo. ;m\)). Kndemic.
H. jxinilh'la Wall. Singapore, Tanjong Merawan (Ridley);
Malacca and .7 olio r; Pahang, Pekan (Ridley): Lankawi
(Curtis). Distrih. Burmah to Polynesia.
R. A. Soc., No, 60, 1908.
16 FERNS OF THE MALAY PENINSULA,
II. pedata Smith. Singapore, Kranji; Johor, Sungei Ban,
Mt. Austin; Malacca, Tanjong Kling (Bidley) ; Pahang,
Tahan River (Ridley), Khiang Terbang (Barnes) ; Bin-
dings, Lumut (Ridicy 7155) ; Tringganu, Bundi (Ros-
tado) ; Penang (King 1374), Penang Hill (Ridley
7077); Kedah Peak (Ridley 5179); Lankawi (Curtis).
Distrib. Malay isles, India, Cevlon, Masearene isles.
//. pinna tip da Baker. Rare. Malacca Mt. Ophir (Ridley) ;
Perak, Larut 3-4000 feet alt. on trees (Kings Coll.
6393). Also Borneo.
II. sewM folia Bl. " Singapore Sinclair v ) Beddomc. Dis-
tril). Java. Xot seen.
Leycostegia.
L. hymenophylloides Bl. On rocks and rotten trees. Perak,
Bujong Malacca (Ridley 9545), Gunong Batu Putih
(King's Coll. 8046), Kinta (King's Coll. 7i28) ; Penang,
near Richmond pool (llullett, King). Distrib. Malay
isles to Polynesia.
L. nodosa Presl. Perak, top of Gunong Bubu 5000 to 5300
feet alt. (King's Coil. 7421, Wray 383). Distrib. India
and .lava.
L. parvula Sm. On trees in mangrove swamps. Singapore,
Sungei Buluh, Tanjong Merawan, Kranji (Ridley 87).
Distrib. Malay isles.
L. affinis Hook. Perak, Gunong Batu Putih (Wray 1030) ;
Penang (Lady Dalhousie). Distrib. Ceylon and Malay
isles.
PROSArTIA.
P. Emorsoni Presl. On trees and rocks usually on the hills.
Johor, Gunong Pulai (llullett); Malacca, Batu Tiga
(Deny) ; Selangor, Rawang, Bukit Kutn and Bukit
Hi tarn (Ridley 89G4) ; Perak, Hermitage Hill, Bujong
Malacca (Ridley), Maxwell's Hill (Scortechini 120,
Jour. Straiti Branch.
FERXS OF THE MALAY PENINSULA. 17
215); Prov. Welleslev. Bukit Panchur (Xativc Coll.);
Penang, Government Hill (Ridley, Kvmstler 1307);
Kedah Peak (Ridley 5170). Distrib. Malay isles and
India.
P. contigua Swartz. Paliang, Tahan River (Ridley) ; Sungei
Ujong (Hullett): Perak, Gunong Hijau (Scortechini
4U0). Distrib. Malay isles and India.
Davallia.
D. sol'uht Swartz. Common on tree trunks and in dry sandy
spots. Singapore, abundant in the Botanic Gardens,
Sungei Morai (Ridley): Johor, Jaffa ria (King); Pa-
hang; Perak. Kinta (King's Coll. ^OG8) ; Selangor,
dinting Bidai (Ridley 084) : Penang, above the Water-
fall (Hullett): Kedah. Yan (Ridley). Distrib. Poly-
nesia and Malay isles.
«
D. elcgaus Swartz. On trees or sandy points, " Paku Teru-
tep. v Singapore. Changi beaeli (Ridley -J'ttl) : Paliang.
Pekan, Kota Glanggi (Ridley 1598f/): Malaeea, Sungei
Hudang (Ridley), Pulau Cndan (CantleyV Coll.), Jasin
(Goodenough ) : Srlangor, Semangkok Pass (Ridley);
Perak (Sioruvhini ), Thaiping Hills Cottage (Hcrvcy);
Tringganu. ('berating River (Ridley): Prov. Welleslev,
Permatang Britain on cocoa nut trees (Ridley) : Kedah,
Kedah Peak ( Ridley .">1.V)). Distrib. Africa, India,
China, Malav i>les, Polynesia.
• »
D. epiphf/l/ti Bl. On rocks. Perak. Gunong Batu Putih
(King's Coll. 803; ). Distrib. Polynesia and Java.
D. dlrari'vla Rl. JVrak (Scortechini). Distrib. Java.
D. biillata Wall. Selangor, Paliang Track (Ridley 8031);
Perak, Larut Hills " IWOO-IUOO feet alt. (King's Coll.
(5081). Cauliield's Hill (Scortechini 31)1): Kedah Peak,
rocks of the precipice (Ridley 5158). Distrib. Assam
and Nepal.
D. Iriphylla Hook. On boughs of lofty trees rarely low down.
Singapore (Cuming 339), Woodlands, Bukit Timah
B. A. Soc., No. 60, 19U6.
.1
18 FERNS OF THE MALAY PENINSULA.
(Ridley 9005) : Johor, Bukit Fatani, Batu Pahat (Ridley
11004), Gunong Pulai (Hullett) ; Negri Sembilan, Per-
hentian Tinggi (Ridley 108PJ) ; Perak (Scortechini).
Endemic.
Microlepia.
M. pinnata Cav. " Paku Merah " on banks in the hills.
Johor, Gunong Pulai (Ridley); Malacca, Mt. Ophir
(Ridlev 3318) ; Selangor, Batang Padang (Near dock),
Bukit Hitam (Ridley), Pahang Track (Ridley 8GG0) ;
Perak, La rut Hills (Scortechini 153, 407), Gunong
Keledang (Ridley 1)511) and Bujong Malacca (U533) ;
Penang Hill abundant at the top (Bi&hop Hose, Ridley,
Wallich, Lady Dalhousie).
var. luzonica. Perak, Larut (King's Coll. 214-4).
l)Mrih. Philippines.
M. slriyom *Swartz. Selangor, Rawang, Ginting Bidai, Bukit
Kutu (Ridlev 18G0); Penang, Penara Bukit (Curtis
3001).
J/. Kurzii Clarke. Perak, Gunong Bubu (King's Coll. 8331).
M. ■iiuirtjumUs Tlumb. Lankawi (Curtis) not in fruit but
the frond resembles tins plant.
D. Moorccuia all*, but pinnules much larger. "Perak, Larut
Hills (Curtis a? 23).
M. iipf/anvae L. Singapore, Aug Mo Kio. Changi (Ridley
G034), Gelang by a tidal stream (02 48) : Johor, Tebing
Tinggi (Ridley); Pahang, Kuala Tahan; Selangor,
Caves, Kuala Lumpur (Ridley 8G41), Ginting Bidai
(Ridlev 7855); Negri Sembilan, Perhentiau Tinggi
(Ridley <>85G ); Perak, Thaiping (King's Coll. 8371),
Tanjong Malim (Ridley), Telor Pinang (9740) ; Penang
(Curl is"); Prow NVUesley, Tasek Gelugur (Ridley);
Kedah (KingV Coll. 1245). Lankawi (Fox); Kelantan,
Kamposa (Ridlev) a very glabrous form.
var. hirla. Selangor, 15th mile Pahang Track (Rid-
ley 8G3i) ; Perak, LTu Kerling (King's Coll. 8GG1).
Jour. Straits Branch,
FERNS OF THE MALAY PENINSULA. 19
M. moluccuna Bl. Perak alt. 3000-1000 loot (Seortechini),
Maxwell's Hill (Curtis 2085) ; Selangor, Paliang Track
(Ridley 8G34). Distrib. Malay isles.
Stexoloma.
8. chine nsis Swartz. The Lace fern, on banks at considerable
altitudes, this plant seems to prefer still: yellow clay.
Paliang, Kuala Paliang near the Sultans tombs (Ridley
4230), Tahan River; Selangor, Uinting Bidai, Seinang-
kok Pass common (Ridley) ; Penang, Penara Bukit, etc.
common (Ridley). Distrib. Mascarene, India, Malay
isles, China, Polynesia.
LiNDSAYEAE.
LlNDSAYA.
L. cult rata Swartz. On rocks and banks. Pahang, Tahan
River (Ridley 2151); Malacca, Ml. Ophir (Ridley);
Selangor, Rawang, (iinting Bidai (Ridley 78<(i) ; IVrak,
La rut (Scortechini, King's Coll. 2413), 'lea Gardens
(Ridley), Bujong Malacca (Ridley DG05) ; Kedah Peak;
Lankawi (Curtis).
var. Lobbimm. Pahang, Tahan River (Ridley). Dis-
trib. Mascarene isles, India, Japan, Australia.
L. repents Thw. Singapore, Bukit Tiniah (Ridley) ; Malacca
(Hervey); Selangor, Uniting Bidai (Ridley T845), Pa-
ining Track (Ridlev 8(>1>1) ; Perak, Bujong Malacca
(Ridley JM503). Lanit Hills (Fox). Distrib. Mauritius,
India, Malav isles, Polynesia.
L. scan den* Hook. .Johor, Sempang Kiri (Ridley), Uunong
Pulai (Jlullett); Pahang, Kluang Terbang (Barnes);
Malacca, Selandau (Uoodenough), Sungei Hudang, Ma-
chap (Ridley) ; Perak, Thaiping Hills (Hervey, W'ray),
Bujong Malacca (Ridley) ; Penang, Uoverninent Hill
(Ridley), Richmond pool (Fox). Distrib. Malay isles,
B. A. Soc, No. 50, 1008.
20 FERNS OF THE MALAY PENINSULA.
L. orhiculala Lam. Pahang. Tahan River (Ridley) ; Malacca,
Mt. Ophir (llullott, Ridley 2319); Selangor, Ilulu Se-
mangkok (Kidlcv) : Perak, Bujong Malacca (Ridley
93(50), Uunong Bubu (Scortcchini 133), Thaiping Hills
(Ridlev) : Penang, Ciovernnient Hill road (Ridley),
Richmond Pool (Fox); Kodak Peak (Ridley 5163,
51(>5).
var. tenent. Perak, (.iunong Batu Putih (King's Coll.
803D). Distrih. India, China, Au.-tralia.
L. Laneca L. Common in woods. '* Paku Dudok bukit"
" Paku (.^u^llang. , ■ , Singapore, Chan Chu Kang (Ridley
1(153), Bukit fimah (Ridley 10815); Johor, Uunong
Panti (Ridlev 1118), Hadji Senawi, Sempang Kiri
(KMdley 1(MJ(>;) : Malacca, Mt. Ophir (Ridley 3347);
Sclangor, Batu Tiga (Ridley): Negri Sembilan, Per-
hentian Tinggi (Ridley), Bukit Danan (Cant ley's
Coll.): Perak (Scortechini) : Tringanu, Bundi (Ros-
tado); Penang, Hill (Mulletl): Kedah Peak (Ridley
5101 ). Distrih. Ccvlon, Malav isles. S. America.
L. lorncrnsis J look, hi woods. Singapore. Sungei Jurong
(Ridley S)Sp>): ,Johor, Gunong p u Iai (Ridley 12132);
Pahang, Tahan River (Ridley): Perak, Thaiping Hills
(Ridley 3002). Distrih. Borneo.
L. riff ida Sin. On clayey soil in woods. Singapore, Sungei
Bululi (Ridlev); Malacca, Mt. Ophir. Gunong Mering
(Ridley 3350. Griitith, Lohh, Cuming 3DJ ) ; Perak,
Bujong Malacca (Curtis 3311). Lamt at 2300 to 2500
feet alt. (King's Coll. 3080). Endemic.
L. ]Yu/l'rnic Hook. In water in woods. Singapore, Tampinis
(Ridlev 20;<M). Changi (0035); Malacca, Mt. Ophir
(Ridley 3333). Distrih. Banka.
L. diccrfjrns. Wall. In drv woods common. Singapore,
Bukit Tiinali (Ridley 1231//), Bajau (4321), Sungei
Morai (1000), Pulau Chin (Murton) ; Johor, Uunoug
Banang (Ridley 10'J<o), Tanjong Kupang; Malacca,
Batu Tiga (Derry) and Ayer Panas; Kegri Sembilan,
Jour. Straits Branch
FERNS OF THE MALAY PENINSULA. 21
Gunong Angsi (Ridlev) : Perak, Maxwell's Hill (Scorte-
chini 499): Penang* Hill (Hullctt, Roxburgh); Trin-
ganu, Bundi (Rostado) ; Kcdah Peak (Ridley). Dis-
trib. Borneo.
L. lanuginosa Wall. On trees usually near the sea. Sing-
apore, Jurong (Iluilett), Bajau (Ridley (>r>5;5) also es-
tablished in the Botanic* Gardens.; Perak (Scortechini) ;
Penang (Wallich). Distril). Africa, Burmah, Australia.
Schizoloma.
S. lobata Poir. Common in woods. Singapore, Bukit Timah
(Ricllev 9501) ; Malacca (Cuming ;Y.)2) : Johor, Gunong
Pulai '(Ridlev 12i:H); Pahang, Tahan River (Ititlloy
2108) ; Perak, La rut Hills (Scortechini, Ridley 1O0TO),
Gunong Batu Putih (Wrav 292) ; Penang, Government
Hill (Pox). Distrib. India.
S. (hmi/lioidrti, Bl. Common in woods. Singapore, Bukit
Timah common; Pahang, Tahan River (Ridley 21T9) ;
Malacca, Mt. Ophir (;W48, tf3.">l) ; Xegri Sembilan, Gu-
nong Angsi (Ridlev) ; Perak, Larut Hills at 4000 feet
(Scortechini 230, 4:*;</), Gunong Batu Putih (King's
Coll. 8044) ; Penang Hill ; Tringanu, Bundi (Rostado) ;
Kcdah Peak (Ridlev). Distrib. Malav isles.
*S. CHsifo/ia Swartz. Singapore, Chua Chu Kang (Ridley
«o;w, 0O28); Johor, Gunong Pulai (Ridley); Penang
Hill. Distrib. Africa, India, Polynesia, Australia.
Sc. hrtrrojihy/la Dry. L. Finlaynomana Wall. No. 2197.
Singapore, Pulau Brani (Iluilett) ; Malacca (Robertson)
tide Hooker. Not to be found now, perhaps a garden
escape. Distrib. Mauritius, India, Malay isles, Hong-
kong.
Sc. media Br. Singapore, Pulau Brani (Iluilett). Lost like
the last. Distrib. Tropical Australia.
Sc. rordata Gaud. i% Malay Peninsula " (tide Beddome).
Distrib. New Guinea and Rawak.
H. A. Soc., No. 60, 1908.
22 FERNS OF THE MALAY PENINSULA.
8c. Gueriniana Gaud. Malacca (fide Beddome). Distrib.
Eastern Malay islands. 1 have seen no specimens of
these last two.
Aoiaxtum.
A. caudatum L. Perak, Bukit Kupayiang, Sungei Siput
(Ridley), Gnnong Tundok (King's Coll. 8351) ; Selan-
gor, Limestone rocks, Batu Caves (Ridley 8142). Dis-
trib. Tropics of Old World.
A. flabellulatum L. Singapore, Pulau Ubin, on rocks near
the sea (Ridley 805), Road side near Changi, a flaccid
form on shady banks (Ridley 2080) ; Malacca, Cape
Rachado (Hervcy). Distrib. Eastern tropics.
A. Capillus-veneris L. Kedah, Pulau Songsong, an island
olf the Kedah coast, on rocks by the sea (Ridley 5155).
Distrib. Whole World.
A. aethiopimni L. Pahang, Tahan River (Ridley 2173)
rocky banks - of the river; Penang (Curtis); Malacca
(Bishop Hose). Distrib. Africa and South America.
A. lunulalum Burm. Penang, Banks by the road side at
Balik Pulau (Ridley 9 4 1 (> ) apparently an escape fronu
cultivation; Lankawi (W. Fox). Distrib. Africa, Indo-
Malava, South America.
A. slenochlamys Bak. Singapore, Graves in the old cemetery
(Ridley); Malacca, Walls of the old chapel. Distrib.
Borneo.
ClIKILAXTHES.
Cli. ten ui folia Sw. *' Paku Tclor Belankas, v " Paku Resam
Padi, v " P. Resam Lumut," common on dry banks, etc.
Singapore, Pulau Ubin, Sungei Brih (Ridley), also col-
lected here by Xorris, Seemann and Wallich ; Malacca,
Ayer Keroli, Kesang; Negri Sembilan, Seremban;
Penang, Penara Bukit, Pulau Tikus; Prov. Wellesley,
Tasek Gelugur (Ridley). Distrib. India to Australia
and New Zealand.
Jour. Straits Branch
FERNS OF THE MALAY PENINSULA. 23
Hypolepis.
H. punctata Bedd. Perak, Larut (King's Coll. 5015).
Pteris.
Pt. longifolia, L. Common on walls and dry spots, " Paku
Uban Bukit." Singapore, on the aqueduct near the
Reservoir, etc.; Johor, Batu Pahat (Ridley); Malacca,
on the old chapel, Mt. Ophir (Ridley) ; Selangor, Batu
Caves (Ridley 8145) ; Perak, Kuaia Dipang (Ridley
9549), Bukit Kupayiang, Sungei Siput (Ridley);
Penang (Ridlev ?OT9) ; Tringanu, Bundi (Rostado).
Distrib. Whole World.
Pt. cretica L. Rather rare, usually a peculiar grey form.
Johor, Gunong Pulai (Ridlev, Ilullett) ; Perak, Upper
Porak (Wray 3099) ; Penang Hill (Hullett) ; Lankawi,
Ounong Rayah (Curtis 3381) ; Selangor, Pahang Track
(Ridley). Distrib. Europe, Africa, Asia and America.
P. Grevilleana Wall. Pahang, Pekan (Ridley 2163) ; Perak,
Tambuan near I poll (Uidlcy). Distrib. India.
Pt. ensiforniis Burm. Common in dry spots, sometimes in
burnt up lalang fields, " Paku Padang." Singapore,
Garden Tanglin, Bnkit Timah (Ridley), Pulau Ubin
(Murton) : Johor, Tanjong Bunga (Ridley 6549);
Malacca, Bukit Panchur (Cantley), Selandau, Sungei
Udang (Deny); Negri Sembilan, Seremban (Ridley
9877); Penang (Bishop Hose); Kedah (King's Coll.
1744) ; Tringanu, Bundi (Rostado).
var. A very stunted tufted plant growing betweea
stones in streams on Gunong Mering, Ophir (Ridley
3340) and on Kedah Peak at 3000 feet altitude (Ridley
5165). Distrib. Type lndo-China, Australia.
Pt. semipinnata L. "Paku medang," "Paku Pelandok."
Malacca, Alor Gajah (Hervev) ; Pahang, near Pekan
(Ridley): Selangor, Ginting Bidai (Ridley 7838);
Sungei Ujong (var. dispar) (Ilullett); Perak, Upper
B. A. Soc., No. 50, 1908.
24 FERNS OF THE MALAY PENINSULA.
Perak (Wray 3528); Kinta Kiver (King's Collector
830). Distrib. Malaya, Chino-Japan.
PL Dalhousiac Hook. Perhaps only a fine form of Pt. semi-
pinnata. It was first found by Lady Dalhousie in
Penang, but was not seen there again till it was redis-
covered by Mr. Curtis on rocks, near Mt. Erskine where
the original Government house was, and where doubtless
Lady Dalhousie found it. Malacca, Hulu Belangkas
(Perry 1082), Bukit Besar, Mt. Ophir (Ridley 9867) ;
Selangor, Langat (Kidlcy 1681); Penang (Lady Dal-
housie), Penara Bukit ' (Curtis 63o, Hidley 7270).
Endemic.
Pi. quadrianuita Retz. Singapore, Serangoon Road (Rid-
ley) ; Johor, Batu Pahat, Patani (Ridley) ; Malacca,
Pulau Undan (Cant ley), Bukit Panchur; Selangor, Batu
Caves (Ridley 8153), Petaling: Perak, Tambun, Ipoh
(Ridley 9543), Goping (Kings Coll. »2\). Distrib. all
the tropics.
Pt. patens Hook. Malacca (Hcrvcy) ; Selangor, Caves,
Kuala Lumpur (Ridley 8640) and 15th mile Pahang
Track; Perak, Upper Perak (Wray 3706); Lankawi,
Foot of (junong Rava (Fox). Distrib. indo-Malava,
Polynesia.
Pt. longipinnula Wall. Perak, Upper Perak (Wray 3741).
Distrib. Indo-Malava.
Pt. nquUina L. Common all over the Peninsula, usually in
sandy soil, from the plains to 1000 feet elevation or more.
The most remarkable forms are a very pubescent one.
Selangor, Bukit Kutu (7837) and a variety with very
long pinnules found in Malacca by Mr. Hardy. Distrib.
the whole world.
Campteria.
C. biaurita L. Singapore, Serangoon Road (Ridley) ; Din-
dings, Bruas (Ridley 7268); Penang, Penara Bukit
(Ridley 6946). Distrib. Tropics old world.
Jour. Straita Branch.
FERNS OF THE MALAY PENINSULA. 25
DORYOPTERIS.
D. I u dens Wall. Sclangor, Limestone rocks at the Caves
(ltidley 8135) ; Perak, Batu Kurau (Scorteehini 50?).
Distrib. Indo-Malaya.
The Selangor form is a very curious one with thick
ovate cordate quite obtuse sterile fronds and all the
pinnules of the fertile ones narrow and entire.
Litobrochia.
L. incisa Thunb. Singapore, Tanglin, Holland Road; Johor,
Tanjong Kupang (Ridley); Perak (Scorteehini 471),
Larut (Kings Coll. 2363, Scorteehini 102, 419), Max-
well's Hill abundant.
var. i ti teg ri folia. Grows with the ordinary form on
Maxwell's Hill. Distrib. all tropics.
L. marginata Bory. Malacca (fide Beddome) ; Sclangor,
Batu Caves, Kwala Lumpur (Ridley 8146), Bukit Kutu
(Ridley 7836). Distrib. Africa, Asia, Australia,
Polynesia.
Ceratopterls.
C. thalictroides L. In ditches. This plant has a habit of
disappearing altogether at certain times of the year and
reappearing in abundance. Singapore, Gardens, Ang
Mo Kio, Seletar, Changi (Ridley 4227) ; Pahang, Pekan
(Ridley 1509) ; Malacca (Ifcrvey) ; Selangor, Bukit Bin-
tang (Goodcnough) ; Penang, Tanjong Bunga (Curtis) ;
Kelantan, Kamposa (Ridley); Lankawi isles (Curtis).
Distrib. whole world tropics.
LOMARIA.
L. procera var restita. Perak, Gunong Batu Putili (3-4000
feet) (King's Coll. 8065).
B. A.'Soc., N«. 60, 1908.
*_-
26 FERNS OF THE MALAY PENINSULA.
Plagiogyria.
P. pycnophylJa Kze. Larut 5-5500 feet alt. near top of
(Junong Bubu (King's Coll. 7324). Distrib. Indo-
Malava.
P. euphhibia Kze. Perak, Gunong Bubu (Wray 3852). Dis-
trib. India, Japan, Australia.
BLECHNEAE.
Blechnum.
B. serrulatum Rich. Singapore, Serangoon Road (Ridley
10917); Malacca (Hervey), Ching (Derry) ; Pahang,
Pekan (Ridley 21G0a). Distrib. Malaya, Australia,
America.
B. o rim tale L. Very common in open country " Paku TTlar/'
Paku Jkan. v Singapore, Tanglin, Bukit Timah ; Johor,
Batu Paliat, Gunong Pulai (Ridley 3750); Malacca,
Pulau Besar; "Negri Sembilan, Bukit Bemmbang (Cant-
ley), Seremban (Ridley 9875); Penang Hill (Ridley).
Distrib. Indo-Malaya, China, Australia.
B. Fin/aysonianum Wall. Singapore, ('ban Chu Kang (Rid-
ley (5121), Reservoir Woods (Ridley 4821); Malacca,
Simgei Iludang (Derrv); Selangor, 15th mile Pahang
Track (Ridley 8050) ;' Pahang, Tahan River .(Ridky).
Endemic.
Sadleria.
8. ryaihvoides, Kaulf. Perak (Day) fide Beddome.
ASPLEXIEAE.
TlIAMXOPTERIS.
Th. nidus L. Common everywhere on trees. The bird's
nest fern. It is supposed to be the home of the demon
known as the Langsuir. There are several forms.
Jour. Strain Branch.
u-
FERNS OF THE MALAY.PENINSULA. 27
var. musacfolia Mett. The form with long broad
leaves, 6 feet or more long a foot wide.
var. phyllitidis Don. Leaves narrow 2- feet long
2-3 inches wide. A crested form also occurs. Dis-
trib. Indo-Malaya, Mascarenes.
Asplexium.
A. Scoriechini Bedd. Perak (Scortechini 128), Maxwell's
Hill (Ridley 5186). Endemic.
A. Mactieri Bedd. Penang (Mactier) (fide Beddome) not
seen.
A. squamulatum Bl. On rocks and stumps in wet woods com-
mon, bulbiferous at the extremity of the fronds. Sing-
apore, Bukit Timah on rocks, Chua Chu Kang, etc.;
Johor, Batu Pahat, Hadji Scnawi (Ridley 10964), a
curious branched form, Tanjong Kupang; Perak, Larut
.(King's Coll. 6320), Maxwell's Hill (Ridley). Distrib.
, Malay islands.
A. normal e Don. Perak, Larut (King's Coll. 2T05). Dis-
trib. India, China.
.4. subavcnituH, Hook. Tenang (Beddome). Distrib. Mada-
gascar.
A. amboinense Willd. Perak, Thaiping (Scortechini). Dis-
trib. Malay isles.
-4. longissimum Bl. On trees and rocks not rare. Singapore,
Mandai (Ridley 10930), Bukit Timah abundant
. (10810), Tanglin on trees in the Gardens; Prov. Welles-
lev, Bukit Panchur (Xative Collector); Pahang, Pekan
(Ridley); Malacca (Hervey), St. John's Hill (Derry) ;
Dindings, Bruas (Ridley); Perak, Larut (King's Coll.
2550). Distrib. Mascarene isles, Indo-Malaya.
A. Wightianum Wall. On rocks. Sungei Ujong (Hullett) ;
Perak (King's Coll. 8130, 10959). Distrib. Indo-
Malava.
R. A. Soc„ No. 60, 1908.
*■->' '
• ■*
28 FERNS OF THE MALAY PENINSULA.
A. sumatmna Hook. On rocks. Johor, Batu Pahat (Bid-
Icy 1106?); Selangor, Ginting Bidai (Ridley 7841);
Bindings, Pangkor (Ridley) ; Penang, Penara Bukit
(Ridley 7074). Distrib. Malaya.
A. tenerum Foist. On trees and rocks. Singapore, Bukit
Timah, Aug Mo Kio (Ridley) ; Johor, Batu Paliat;
Pahang, Pulau Tawar (Ridley) ; Selangor, Pahang Track
(Ridley), Gunong Hitam (Goodenough), Bukit Rutu
(Ridley 1847); Perak (Scortcchini) ; Penang, Govern-
ment Hill. Distrib. Ceylon, Malaya, Polynesia.
A. hmulaium Sw. Perak, Maxwell's Hill (Ridlev), Gunong
Batu Putih (King's Coll. 8043). Distrib. India.
A. honeen.se Hook. Perak, Bujong Malacca (Curtis 3312,
Ridley 9553), Larut (King's Coll. 1998). Distrib.
Malaya.
A. hirt urn Kaulf. Pahang, Tahan (Ridley); Penang,
Government Hill. Distrib. Indo-China, Malaya, Poly-
nesia.
A. falai him Lam. Singapore, Bukit Timah (Hullett). Dis-
trib. Africa, India, Australia.
A. macro phylhun Sw. Rocks and trees. Singapore, Pulau
Thin (Kunstler), Sungei Buluh, Chan Chu Kang, Bukit
Timah; Selangor, Batu Caves; Negri Sembilan, Per-
hentian Tinggi ; Prov. Wellesley, Bukit Panchur; Perak
(Scortcchini 1079) : Penang, Bukit Erskine (Curtis),
Balik Pulau (Ridley). Distrib. of the last.
A. caudal inn Porst. Perak, Larut (King's Coll. 2351), Caul-
field's Hill (Scortcchini 390). Distrib. Africa, India,
Australia, S. America.
A. di/nidiaiuin, Sw. Perak, Goping (King's Coll. 432).
Distrib. \Y. Indies.
A. amentum Lam. Perak (Scortcchini), Bujong Malacca
(Ridley 954(>). Distrib. all the tropics.
A. welanopht/llum Scort. Perak, Gunong Bubu (King's
Coll. 1403). Endemic.
Jour. Strait* Branch.
FERNS OF THE MALAY PENINSULA. 29
A. paradoxum Bl. Penang (fide Bcddomc) ; Perak, Kinta
(King's Coll. ?164). Distrib. Malaya.
A. hclerocarpum, Wall. Sungei Ujong (Hullett). Distrib.
India, China, Malaya.
A nilidum Sw. On rocks and trees. Singapore, Bukit
Tiinah; Johor, Gunong Pulai (Hullett), Hadji Scnawi,
Batu Pahat (Ridley 109G5) ; Pahang, Tahan Kiver,
Pulau Tionian; Selangor, Batu Caves (Ridley 8144);
Perak, Goping (King's Coll. 8180) var. obtiutatum.
Distrib. Africa, Indo-Malava.
A. unilateral? Lam. A. reset- turn- Hook. Pahang, Tahan
Kiver (Ridlev) ; Malacca, Jeram Xvalas (Derrv) ; Se-
langor, Batu Caves (Ridlev $286, 864!)), 15 mile Pahang
Track: Perak, (Junong Batu Putih (Wray 1010), Thai-
ping Cottage (llervey). Distrib. Africa, Indo-Malava,
Japan Polynesia.
A. Iielangeri Kze. Perak, Thaiping Hills (Scortechini,
llervey); Penang, Government Hill (Fox). Distrib.
Malava.
A.hulbiferum Forst. Penang (fide Beddome probably culti-
vated).
Atuyrium.
A, liidleiji Christ. Malacca, Bukit Besar, Ophir (Bidley
98G(i). Endemic.
DlI'LAZlUU.
D. subsrrratum Bl. Hills at about oOOO feet elevation.
Selangor, Ginting Bidai (Bidley) ; Perak, Maxwell's Hill
(Bidley) ; Penang Hill. Distrib. Java.
D. larutense, Bedd. Larut (King's Collection 1013). En-
demic.
D. iHtllidum Bl. Singapore, Toas (Ridlev) ; Pahang, Tahan
River ( Ridley 21GT) ; Sungei Ujong (Hullett). Distrib.
Burmah to Malava.
&. A. Soc, No. 50, 1908.
30 FERNS OF THE MALAY PENINSULA.
D. porrectuiH Wall. Common in woods "Paku Naga."
Singapore, Chan Chu Kang (Ridley 4399), Holland
Road (5700), Reservoir Woods, Garden Jungle; Johor,
Balu Pahat (Ridley 109T8), Gunong Pulai (3751);
Malcaea, Batu Tiga (Derry 985), Ayer Panas (Derry
16) ; Pahang, Tahan River (Ridley) ; Negri Sembilan,
Gunong Angsi (Ridley 9868), Sungei Ujong (Hullett) ;
Selangor, Pahang Track (Ridlev 8048) ; Perak, Larut
(King's Coll. 2255), Ulu Kuf (10503) and Batong
Padang; Kedah, Gunong Jerai (Ridley). Distrib.
Malaya.
D. sylcaticum Presl. Singapore (Hullett) ; Pahang, Tahan
River (Ridley 5818); Malacca, Aver Panas (Hcrvcv) ;
Selangor, Batu Caves, Bukit Kulu (Rid)ev 7844) ; Pefak,
Kinta (Kings Coll. 7146), Thaiping" (Scortechini),
Maxwell's Hill (Fox) ; Pcnang Hill (Hullett). Distrib.
Africa Indo-Malaya.
D. bantamenw Bl. var. Prcscottianum. Singapore (Hul-
lett); Malacca, Aver Keroh and Aver Panas (Ridley);
Selangor, Ginting Peras (Ridlev 7031) ; Perak, Max-
well's Hill (Fox), Larut (King's Coll. 2098); Penang
Hill. Distrib. Indo-Malava, China.
D. spcriosum Mctt. D. acuminatum Bl. "Paku Kijang/'
Singapore, Sorangoon Road (Ridlev 8937), Garden
Jungle, Slag Mount (11271), Reservoir Woods (12202) ;
fFohor, Gunong Pulai (Ridley 12130) ; Malacca, Ayer
Panas (Derry); Selangor, Batu Caves; Dindings, Gu-
nong Tungui (Ridlev 7271) : Kedah, Gunong Jerai
(Ridley 5100). Distrib. India.
D. lomentosum Hook. Tn woods, terrestrial, "Paku Binct."
Singapore, Bukit Timah ; Pahang, Tahan River; Se-
langor, Labu River, Petaling, Sungei Ujong, Bukit Sulu
(Cantley's Coll.); Perak, Goping (Kings Coll. 058),
Thaiping Hills (King's Coll. 11128). Distrib. Burma,
Malaya.
D. chlorophyUum Bak. Penang (Curtis). Endemic.
Jour. Straits Branch,
FEKNS OF THE MALAY PENINSULA. 31
D. sorzogoncnse Presl. Singapore, Selitar (Ridley 6557) ;
Pahang, Talian River (Ridlev) ; Perak, Larut (King's
Coll. 2532), Kinta (King's Coll. 7151), Thaiping
(Scortechini).
var. major Bedd. Perak, Gunong Bubu '(King's Coll.
7403). Distrib. Malaya.
V. as per urn- Bl. D. polypodioidcs. var. asperum. Malacca
(Hervev) ; Perak (Scortechini), LTu Bul>ong (King's
Coll. 10849).
var. pohjpodwidcs. Pahang, Kuala Talian (Ridley
2100); Penang abundant (Curtis). Distrib. lndo-
Malava.
D. lati folium Don. Selangor, 15th mile Pahang Track (Rid-
ley 8052); Perak, Larut (King's Coll. 2214, 234(1),
(iunong Bubu (King's Coll. 8420). Distrib. lndo-
Malaya, Australia.
Axisocjoxium.
.4. liucohitum Mett. Perak (Scortechini), (Junong Batu
Putih (King's Coll. 802G) ; Penang Hill (Hullett).
Distrib. Malaya.
JL cordi folium Melt. Woods, terrestrial, u Paku Tuujok
Langit." Singapore*, Bukit Timali (Ridley 58G7) ;
Selangor, Kuala Lumpur; Negri Sembilan, Kupaiviang
(CantleyV Coll.); IVrak, Larut (Kings Coll. 2711),
Cottage, Thaiping Hills (Hervey). Distrib. Malaya.
.4. drcus.safuni Sw. Rare. Perak, Thaiping Hills, Gunong
liijau (Ridley), Birch's Hill (Day). Distrib. Malaya.
-4. esculent urn. " Paku Anjing." Comnion on stream banks,
leaves eaten as spinach. Singapore, Stream along Bukit
Timah Road; Selangor, Dusun Tua (Ridley 78G3) ;
Pahang, Pulau Manis (Ridley) ; Xegri Sembilan, Sercm-
ban; Perak (Scortechini 437). Distrib. lndo-Malaya,
China.
B.A. SOC., No. 50, 1908.
32 FERNS OF THE MALAY PENINSULA.
ASPIDIEAE. -;
DlDYMOCHLAEXA.
D. lunulata Dcsv. Selangor, 15th mile Pahang Track (Kid-
ley 8G59) ; Perak, Gunong Chcy at 2G00 feet (Murton),
Gunong Keledang (Ridley 9338), Thaiping Hills
(Scortechini, Ridley). Distrib. Burma, Malaya, Mas-
carene, Polynesia, America.
Mesochlaexa.
M. poli/curpa Bl. Woods " Paku Surai. v Singapore, Bukit
Timah (Ridlev 1058) ; Pahang, Pulau Padang (Ridley
2401) and Tahan River (23%) ; Negri Sembilan, Bukit
Sumaiyiang (Cantlcy's Coll.) ; Perak, Thaiping (Scorte-
ehini 404), Goping (King's Coll. 371) and Gunong
Binlang (243). Distrib. Malaya.
POLYSTICIIUM.
P. semicordatum S\v. Pahang. Tanjong Antan, Pahang
River (Ridley); Perak, Kuala Dipang (King's Coll.
8282). Distrib. Malaya, Burma, Tropical America.
P. aculeatiun var. b'uirittatum Sw. Perak, Larut 2500 to
3000 feet alt. (King's Coll. G258) ; Penang, Richmond
Pool. Distrib. of type whole world.
Aspidium.
A. sinfjaporiaiunn Wall. Woods common, u Paku Todak, Paku
Biawak, Paku Murak." Singapore, Bukit Timah, Chua
Chu Kang. etc. (Ridley); Pahang, Tahan River;
Malacca. Jasin, Sungei Hudang (Derry) ; Sungei Ujong,
Bukit Sulu, Gunong Berumbun (Cantlcy's Coll.) ;
Selangor, Kuala Lumpur (Curtis), Bukit Kudah (Rid-
ley) ; Perak, Tpoh ; f rringanu, Bundi .(Rostado) ; Penang
llill. Distrib. Malava.
Jour. Straits Branch.
FEKNS OF THE MALAY PENINSULA. 33
A. Kumtlcri Bcdd. Perak, Goping (King'* Coll. 405).
Endemic.
A. tricttspc Bcdd. Pcrak, Goping (King's Coll. 973).
Endemic.
A. vcstuni Bl. Woods " Paku Jari." Johor, Batu Paliat
(Kidlev 10669); Paliang, Tombeling River (Ridley
2399); Selangor, Batu Tiga. Batu Caves (Ridley);
Perak, Kota Baliru (King s Coll. 382) ; Pcnang (Bishop
Hose). Dislrib. India, Malaya.
A. anguhtum Sm. Singapore, Bukit Timah (King's Coll.
312), Bukit Panjang (Ridley 12534); Perak (Scorte-
cliini), Goping (King's Coll. 580, 586).
.1. scmibiirinnatum Wall. In tidal river mud. Johor,
Castlewood (Ridley 12225), Gunong Pulai (Hullett) ;
Muar, Sungei Segal (Ridley 12218); Perak (Scorte-
chini) ; Pcnang (ride Beddome). Distrib. Malaya.
*1. subtriphyllum, Hook. Perak, Goping (King's Coll. 4713),
Tambun near Ipoh (Ridley 9512).
A. variolosum Wall. Singapore, Bajau (Kidlev 2119), Bukit
Mandai, Bukit Timah (9566, 8939); johor, Gunong
Pulai (Kidlev 12129); Selangor, Bukit Kudah (Ridley
1684), Batu 'Caves (KU8), Langat (1685); Pcrak, Go-
ping (King's Coll. 5908); Pcnang (King's Coll. 4862),
Waterfall (Curtis 1608). Distrib. India.
*i. inhjmorphum. Wall. "Paku Kikir." Selangor, Kuala
Lumpur (Ridley 2409) ; Sungei Ujong (Hullett), Bukit
Sulu (Cant lev's Coll.) ; Perak, Larut (King's Coll.
22S9, 2395). " Distrib. Africa, India, Malay isles.
A. repandum Willd. Perak, Larut (King's Coll. 6305).
Distrib. Malava.
A. imhiipliyllnm Kze. Perak, Larut (King's Coll. 1816,
2347), Maxwell's Hill (Scort. 218, 493). Distrib.
Malava.
B. A. Soc., No. 60, 1008.
* 8
34 FERNS OF THE MALAY PENINSULA.
A. dccurrcns Prcsl. Pcrak, Bujong Malacca (Bidlcy 9535) ;
Tringanu, Bundi (Rostado). Distrib. India, Malaya,
China, Polynesia.
A. ckutarium Sw. Woods, " Paku Larat," " Paku Sagala,"
"Paku Tembaga." Singapore, Bukit Timah, Pulau
Ubin (Ridley 4396); Johor, Batu Pahat (Ridley
109 TC)); Malacca, Sungei Hudang; Sungei Ujong,
Bukit Payong, Bukit Danan (Cantley). Distrib. all
tropical countries.
A. multicaudalum Wall. Pcrak, Larut (King'6 Coll. 229?),
Upper Terak (Wray 3604).
A. tcmatum Bak. Fahang, Pckan (Ridley). Distrib.
Borneo.
Pleocnemia.
P. incmbranifolia Prcsl. Selangor, Batu Caves (Ridley
8149) ; Pahang, Tahan River (Ridley) ; Ferak, Goping
(King's Coll. 5811). Distrib. India/
P. membranacca Hook. Selangor, Batu Caves (Ridley 8140,
813G, 8643); Pcrak Scortcchini). Distrib. Malaya,
China.
P. Lenzeatia Hook. Singapore, Cascade Valley, Bukit Timah
(Matthew) ; Malacca (Cantley) ; Perak, Larut (King's
Coll. 2093), Goping (720). Distrib. Indo-Malaya,
China, Australia.
P. gigantca Bl. Singapore, Bukit Timah (Ridley) ; Negri
Scmbilan, Tampin (Goodcnough) ; Pcnang, Pulau Bu-
tong (Curtis 3401).
P. mcgalocarjM Hook. Perak, Larut 2-3000 feet alt. (King's
Coll. 2236). Distrib. Java.
Lastrea.
L. gracilesccns Bl. Rare. Pcrak (Scortcchini). Distrib.
India, China, Malaya.
Jour. Straiti Branch,
FEKNS OF THE MALAY PENINSULA. 35
L. iuiniersa Bl. In Woods. Pahang, Kuala Tahan (Kid-
ley) ; Sclangor, Bukit Kutu (Ridley 7848) at the Batu
Caves and on the Tras route (8658) ; Perak, Batu Gajah,
Kul (King's Coll. 10502). Distrib. Malay islands.
L. cahvrata Bl. Hill woods. Fahang, Tahan Eivcr (Rid-
ley).
var. sericca. Larut (King's Collector 1571).
var. ciliata. Kcdah, at Yan (Ridley 5161). Distrib.
India.
L. (Dryoptcris) Ridtcyi Christ. Perak, Bujong Malacca
(Ridlev 9600) ; Pahang, Kuala Tahan; Malacca, Base of
Mt. Ophir; Sclangor, Bukit Hitain (Ridley 7849).
This plant was identified first as L. viscosa by Dr.
Christ, later he distinguishes it as a species. It much
resembles L. calcarata in many points. The first number
quoted is that of the type. The other plants seem to me
to be identical with it.
L. unidcntala Bedd. Perak, Gunong Bubu (King's Coll.
7131). Endemic.
L. Thvlyptcris Desv. Rare. Perak, Tea Gardens (Ridley
3058). Dibtrib. Europe, Asia, S. Africa, New Zealand.
L. crassifolia Bl. Common " Paku Knau." Singapore,
Sungei Morai (Ridley 1397), Bukit Panjang (12532);
Johor, Tanjong Kupang (Ridley Hooii) ; Malacca, Sungei
Hudang (Goodenough), Ulu Bumban (Hervcy), Gunong
Mering, Ophir (Ridley 3335); Pahang, Kota Glanggi
(Ridlev 2159) ; Sclangor, Pahang Track (Ridley 8654) ;
Perak/ Larut (King's Coll. 3814), Maxwell's Hill (Scor-
techini 221); Penang (Ridley).
L. ochthodes Kzc. Singapore, Chan Chu Kang (Ridley
9813); Penang, Balik Pulau (Ridley 95T9).
L. Dayi Bedd. Singapore (Bishop Hose) ; Tenang (Mat-
thew) ; Perak, Maxwell's Hill (Day, Kunstler 2126).
Endemic.
L. sinfjalancnais Bak. Perak, Thaiping (King's Coll. 3520
8520).
B. A. Soc., Xo. 60, 1008.
36 FERNS OF THE MALAY PENINSULA.
L. fuscipcs Wall. Singapore, Bukit Timah (Ridley 5874) ;
Perak, Ulu Kerling (King's Coll. 8742), Upper Perak
(Wray 3712). Distrib. Burma, Malaya.
L. padangensis Bcddome. River bank close to water's edge.
Perak, Batang Padang, Padang River (King's Coll.).
Endemic.
L. syrmatica Willd. Perak, Goping (King's Coll. 8178) ;
Pcnang, Penara Bukit (Ridley). Distrib. Indo-Malaya.
L. tcncrivaulis Wall. Penang (King's Coll. 1493) ; Sing-
apore, established in Tanglin. Distrib. India, China,
Australia.
L. intermedia Bl. Perak (Day); Penang (Curtis).
var. Blumci. Perak (Scortcchini), Larut (King's
Coll. 6952).
L. mcgaplu/Ua Bak. Perak, Larut at 3000 feet alt. (King's
Coll. 2822, 6952, 2822).
Nephuodium.
N. unit urn L. Damp spots, " Paku Hudang." Singapore,
Selitar (Ridley 4394). Galang (4392); Malacca, Ayer
Panas; Perak, at sea level (Day, King). Distrib. All
tropics.
N. pteroides Retz. 2V. terminans Wall. Singapore, Bukit
Timah ; Johor, Bukit Soga, Batu Pahat (Ridley 10973) ;
Dindings, Pulau Sembilan (Ridley 3145) ; Perak, Max-
well's Hill (Ridley 5187); Laiikawi (Ridley 8346).
Distrib. Indo-Malaya.
N. externum Bl. Penang Hill (Ridley). Distrib. Indo-
Malaya.
N. cucullatum Bl. Singapore, behind the General Hospital
(Ridley), Chan Chu Kang, Changi 3596a, 2602);
Malacca, Bukit Bruang; Negri Sembilan, Seremban
(Ridley 9873). Distrib. Mascarene, Indo-Malaya, Poly-
nesia.
Jour. Straits Branch.
FERNS OF THE MALAY PENINSULA. 37
X. aridum Don. Singapore, Jurong, Kranji (Ridley),
Green Hill (Huilett); Johor, Castlewood (Ridley);
Pahang, Pekan (Ridley) ; Perak (King 1025). Distrib.
India.
A T . glandulosum Hook. Perak, Ulu Kerling (King's Coll.
8660). Distrib. Java.
JV\ Hneatum Bl. Perak (Day, Scortechini, King's Coll.
497). Distrib. Malaya.
N. vrophyJhtm Wall. Common in woods, " Paku Gajah,"
"Paku Merah." Singapore, Bukit Timah (Ridley
5870); Malaeca, Bukit Besar, Mt. Ophir (Ridley),
Bukit Bruang (Derry 681) ; Pahang, Temerloh, Kota
Glanggi, Tahan River (Ridley 2398); Sungei Ujong,
Bukit Danan (Cantley's Coll.), Bukit Putus (Ridley) ;
Selangor, Batu Caves (Ridlev 8154), Ginting Bidai
(T839) ; Perak, Slim (King's Coll.), Upper Perak (Wray
3592) ; Penang Hill (Ridley) ; Lankawi, Gunong Raya
(Curtis). Distrib. Indo-Malaya.
var. Pinwillpi. Malacca (Pinwill) ; Perak (Day).
N. moulmeinensc Bedd. Johor, Gunong Pulai (Ridley
12123).
N. costatum Wall. Poly podium pcnangianum Hook. Pe-
nang (Beddome). Distrib. India.
xV. pcnnigerum Bl. Singapore, Rifle Range (Ridley) ; Johor,
Pinerong (Cantley) ; Selangor, Dusun Tua (Ridley
7861); Perak, Maxwell's Hill (Scortechini 237); Pe-
nang Hill (Huilett).
var. Malayense. Perak (Scortechini, Day, King's
Coll. 2360). Distrib. Indo-Malaya, Africa.
N. molle Desv. Singapore, common Selitar (Ridley 4395),
Chan Chu Kang (6120), Bukit Timah (5893), Changi
(6037), Pulau Brani (Huilett); Johor, Castlewood
(Ridley) ; Selangor, Bukit Hitam (Ridley 7854) ; Perak,
Ulu Bubong (King's Coll. 10127), Ulu Kerling (8657) ;
Penang (King's Coll. 1570). Distrib. whole world.
B. A. Soc„ No. 60, 1906.
\ - ■ ■" ■ ■..■■■ .-..^r
. •
38 FERNS OF THE MALAY PENINSULA.
N. amboineti8e Presl. Singapore, Green Hill "(Hullett) ;
Paliang, Khol, Tembeling River (Ridley) ; Selangor,
Dusun Tua; Perak, Telok Pinang (Ridley 539), Bernam
River (King 8800). Distrib. Indo-Malaya.
N. tectum (Wall.) Singapore (Wallich 394 and 354 past),
Bukit Timah (Ridley 9567) ; Perak, Ulu Kerling (King
8C50T), Ulu Bubang (10157? 1205, 8757).
N. crinipes Hook. Perak (Scortechini, King's Coll. 7126).
Distrib. India.
N. ferox Moore. Hill forests. Selangor, Ginting Peras
0854) ; Perak, Larut (King's Coll. 4064) ; Penang Hill
(Ridley 7080). Distrib. India, Malaya.
iV. Ridleyi Christ. Selangor, 15th mile Pahang Traek
(Ridley 8655); Perak, Bujong Malacca (Ridley 9536).
Endemic. This very closely resembles N. ferox.
N. truncafum Presl. Singapore, Sungei Jurong (Ridley
10774); Johor, Batu Pahat; Selangor, Batu Caves
Ridley 8137); Perak, Telok Pinang (Ridley 9540) and
Tambun (9544), Goping (King's Coll 556), Maxwell's
Hill (Scortechini); Penang, Waterfall (Curtis).
var. subintegra Christ. Penang (Ridley 10136).
Distrib. Indo-Malaya, Australia.
N. brachtjodon Hook. Perak, Maxwell's Hill (Scortechini
221)', Bujong Malacca (Ridley 953?) . Distrib. West
Indies and Peru.
A r . sakayense Zeiller. Perak, Valley of Kiang River near
Riam Mountain (Scortechini). Endemic.
A T . heterocarpm Bl. Singapore, Green Hill (Hullett) ;
Negri Sembilan, Perhentian Tinggi (Ridley 9869) ;
Perak, Larut (Scortechini, King's Coll. 6345) ; Penang
Hill (Ridley 9225).
N. laruiense Bedd. Selangor, Rawang (Ridley 7850), loth
mile Pahang Track (Ridley 8632) ; Perak (Day, King's
Coll. 850, 2398).
Joui. Straita Branch.
FERNS OF THE MALAV PENINSULA. 39
N. glaucostipes Bedd. Perak, Larut (King's Coll. 2046).
Endemic.
N. perakense Bedd. Perak, Thaiping Hills, Birch's Hill
(Day). Endemic.
N. Ilaenleanum Presl. Singapore, Bukit Mandai (Ridley
1655), Bukit Timah (Matthew).
Nephbolepis. ^
N. exaltata L. Very common in open country. " Paku
Pinang." Singapore, Holland Boad, Ang Mo Kio (Bid-
ley) ; Malacca, Pulau Besar, Lubok Kedondong, St.
John's Hill (Ridley) ; Selangor, Kuala Lumpur (Ridley,
a curious crested form) ; Perak, Bujong Malacca (Ridley
960?), Larut (King's Coll. 5220) ; Penang Hill (Ridley
7038).
var. hirsutula. Singapore, Tanglin; Malacca (Her-
vey).
var. pilosula. Selangor, Kuala Lumpur (Ridley
2408). Distrib. Tropics of oljd world.
N. rolubilis Smith. " Paku Baging," " Paku Raeha," " Paku
M'rah," " Paku Ningck." Climbing on trees in damp
spots. Singapore, Rochor, Sungei Morai (Ridley 4405) ;
Johor, Tanjong Kupang (Ridley) ; Malacca, Ayer Keroh,
Jus (Goodenough) ; Perak, Batu Kurau (Curtis) ; Din-
dings, Pulau Sembilan (Ridley) ; Tringanu, Bundi (Ros-
tado) ; Lankawi, Kwah (Curtis). Distrib. India,
Malava.
X. acuta Presl. Johor, Tanjong Kupang; Pahang, Tahan
River (Ridley 2373); Selangor, Batu Caves; Perak
(Wray 2826, King's Coll. 165, 4955).
var. lancifolia Christ. Malacca, Pulau Besar (Ridley
2422). Distrib. Africa, India.
A T . davallioides Kze. Selangor, Bukit Hitam (Ridley) ;
Perak, Thaiping (Scortechini), Larut (King's Collectors
6325 and 500T). Distrib. Java.
R. A. Soc., No. 60, 1908.
40 FERNS OF THE MALAY PENINSULA.
Oleandba.
0. neriiformis Cav. Common from 3000 feet and upwards.
Malacca, Mt. Ophir; Selangor, Bukit Hitam (Ridley
7832), Ulu Semangko; Perak, Ulu Batang Padang
(Wray 1G01), Thaiping Hills Cottage (Hervey, Wray,
etc.) ; Kedah, Gunong Jerai (fonning dense thickets)
(Ridiey) ; Lankawi (Curtis). Distrib. India, America.
0. Cumingii Sm. Kcdah Peak (Ridley 5172) with the
variety longipes. Distrib. Burmah, China, Malaya.
0. m mac folia Kze. Perak (Scortechini). Distrib. India.
POLYPODIEAE.
Phegopteris.
P. punctatum, Thunb. "Paku Resam Paya." Fronds used
for poulticing boils. Selangor, Ginting Bidai (Ridley
7867): Perak, Larut (Kings Coll. 5015, Scortechini),
Caulfield\s Hill (Scortechini 396), Maxwell's Hill
(Fo.x); Malacca, Bukit Kanding (Cantley's Coll.);
Pcnang, Balik Pulau (Ridley DUO). Distrib. Tropics
and subtropics.
P. Kiugii Bodd. Perak, Larut (King's Collector 2250).
Endemic.
P. laser piiii folia Scort. Perak (Scortechini, King's Coll.
2208). Endemic.
DlCTYOPTERIS.
D. llarberi Hook. Common in woods. Singapore, Bukit
Timah (Ridlev 10778); Malacca (Beddome) ; Selangor,
Rawang (Ridley 7840). Distrib. Malaya.
D. cliff or mi* Bl. " Paku Siar." Malacca (Hervey); Pa-
hang, Tanjong Antan, Pahang River (Ridley) ; Negri
Sembilan, Seremban (Cantlev's Coll.) ; Selangor, loth
mile Pahang Track (Ridley 8631) ; Perak (Scortechini).
Distrib. Burma, Malaya.
Jour. Straits Branch
FERNS OF THE MALAY PENINSULA. 41
D. polycarpa Mett. Malacca (fide Beddome) who says how-
over he has not seen this species and doubts if there is a
specimen in Europe. (Divtyopteris heterosora Baker is
Aspidium vast urn).
POLYPODIUM.
§ 1. Fronds entire.
P. parasiiicum Mett. Malacca, Mt. Ophir (Hullett) ; Pe-
nang Hill (Fox). Distrib. India.
P. subevenosum Bak. Johor, Gunong Pnlai; Gunong Pantai
(Ridley); Malacca, Mt. Ophir (Hullett, Ridley 8961);
Pahang, River Ban Tahan (Ridley) ; Perak (Scorte-
chini) Endemic.
P. hirMlum, Bl. Malacca, Mt. Ophir, Gunong Mering (Rid-
ley 3354) ; Perak (Scortechini), Tea Gardens, Thaiping
Hill (Ridley), Gunong Brumber; Pahang (Wray 1553).
Distrib. Ceylon, Malaya.
P. sessilifofiuw Hook. Penang Hill (Ridley 101T2, 7131).
Distrib. Malava.
P. universe Bak. Richmond Pool (Matthew) ; Penang (Cur-
tis). Endemic.
P. Ridley* Christ. A very small plant with entire fronds thin
and undulate when drv ; on knots on Baccaurea parviflora
on Gunong Pulai, Johor (Ridley 12136).
P. adspprsHm Bl. Singapore (Lobb), probably wrongly local-
ised.
P. sctiyentm Bl. Singapore (Moore's Herbarium).
§ 2. Fronds lobed.
P. trirhomnrwides Sw. Malacca, Mt. Ophir, Mering (Ridley
9863) "forma fronde glabra, Boris subterminalibus "
(Christ) ; Selangor, Hulu Semangkok (Ridley 12035).
Distrib. India, Africa.
R. A. Soc., No. 60, 1908.
40 ferns of the malay pesiksila.
Olraxdba.
0. neriiformii Ca' om 3000 feet and upwards,
Malacca, Mi. Ophir; Selangor, Bukit Hitain (Ridley
1 *:»->). Din Semangko ; Perak, Tin iiatang I'adang
(Wra) 1601), Thatping Hills Cottage (Hen
etc.); Sedan, Qunong Jerai (forming denf* thickets)
(Kulli'vl; Lniikiiwi (Ctutis). Dietrib. India, America.
0. Cumino* Sn;. Kedah Peak (Ridley 51?S) with the
ntriety longiptt, Dfstnb, Burmah, China, Malaya,
\efolia K.-v- Persk (Scorteehini), Distrib. India.
rOLYPODIKAK.
rn£i::orTEms.
P. punctiitum, Tliunli. " Paku Beeam Pays." Frond
fin' poulticing boils. Selangor, Gil
■
■
PERNS OF THE MALAY.PEN INSULA. 43
P. papillosum Bl. Porak, Larut (King's Coll. 1904), Gu-
nong Ha ram Parah (Seortoehini CG."> ) , Kinta on lime-
stone rocks 500 to 1000 feet alt. (King's Coll. ;206),
Distrib. Malaya.
P. tenuiserlum Bl. Perak (Seortcehini). Distrib. Java.
Goxiophlebium.
0. subaurkulotum Bl. Perak (Seortcehini) ; Sclangor, Se-
mangkok Pass (Itidley 12033, differs in its pinnules
being sessile and somewhat decurrent). Distrib, Indo-
Malaya, Australia.
0. verrvrosuw Wall. Common in open country. Singapore,
Pnsir Panjang, Bukit Mandai (Ridley 3597a); Johor,
Gunong Pnlai (Hnllett) ; Sclangor, Dusun Tua, Batu
Caves (Ridley 8138) ; Perak, Unit (Kings Coll. 5559),
Sungoi Raya (King's Coll. 905), Thaiping Hills Cottage
(Hervey) ; Lankawi (Curtis). Distrib. Malaya.
O. Korthahi Mett. Perak, Larut on trees (King's Coll.
294.1), Thaiping Hills Cottage (Hervev) ; Penang Hill
(Fo.x).
NipnoiKJLus.
N. adnatcens Sw. " Sakat Batu " on rocks and trees. Sing-
apore, Pulau Ubin (Ridley 9510), Changi Beach (4347) ;
Johor, Gunong Pulai (Hullctt) ; Malacca, Pulau Undan
(Cantley's Coll.), Aycr Keroh ; Dindings, Lumut (Itidley
10145) ; Perak, Harum Parah (Scortechini 844), Kamu-
ning (Macliado) ; Penang Hill (Ridley).
var. longifolius. Perak, Thaiping (King's Coll. 8330).
Distrib. Africa, India, Malaya, China, Polynesia.
, tirrottichoideg Sw. Common on trees in open country.
Singapore, Tanglin, Chan Chu Kang (Ridley 0684) ;
Johor, Batu Pahat (Ridley), Jatnbu Larang (Fielding) ;
Malacca, Mt. Ophir; Pahang, Kuala Pahang; Porak,
Gunong Batu Putih (Wray 1238). Distrib. Bunnah.
40 FERNS OF THE MALAY PENINSULA.
Oleandba.
0. neriiformis Cav. Common from 3000 feet and upwards.
Malacca, Mt. Ophir; Sclangor, Bukit Hitam (Ridley
7832), Ulu Scmangko; Pcrak, Ulu Batang Padang
(Wray 1601), Thaiping Hills Cottage (Hervey, Wray,
etc.) ; Kedab, Gunong Jerai (forming dense thickets)
(Ridley); Lankawi (Curtis). Distrib. India, America.
0. Cumingii Sm. Kedab Peak (Ridley 5172) with the
variety longipes. Distrib. Burmah, China, Malaya.
0. musac folia Kze. Perak (Scortechini). Distrib. India.
POLYPODIEAE.
Phegopteris.
P. punctatum, Thunb. " Paku Resam Paya." Fronds used
for poulticing boils. Selangor, Ginting Bidai (Ridley
?867); Perak, Larut (King's Coll. 5015, Scortechini),
Canlfield's Hill (Scortccbini 396), Maxwell's Hill
(Fox); Malacca, Bukit Kanding (Cantley's Coll.);
Penang, Balik Pulau (Ridley 94 U>). Distrib. Tropics
and sub tropics.
P. Kingii Bedd. Pcrak, Larut (King's Collector 2250).
Endemic.
P. laser pitiifolia Scort. Pcrak (Scortechini, King's Coll.
2208). Endemic.
DlCTYOPTERIS.
D. Barhevi Hook. Common in woods. Singapore, Bukit
Timab (Ridlev 10718); Malacca (Beddome) ; Sclangor,
Rawang (Ridley 7840). Distrib. Malaya.
D. diffonni* Bl. <; Paku Siar." Malacca (Hervey); Pa-
hang, Tanjong Antan, Pabang River (Ridley); Negri
Sembilan. Seremban (Cantlev's Coll.) ; Selangor, 15th
mile Pahang Track (Ridley 8631) ; Perak (Scortechini).
Distrib. Burma, Malaya.
Jour. Straits Branch
FERNS OF THE MALA Y.PEN INSULA. 43
P. papillosum Bl. Perak, Larut (Kings Coll. 1994), Gu-
nong Haram Parah (Scorteehini 665), Kinta on lime-
stone rooks 500 to 1000 feet alt. (King's Coll. 7206).
Distrib. Malaya.
P. tenuisectum Bl. Perak (Scorteehini). Distrib. Java.
GONIOPHLEBIUM.
O. subauriculatum Bl. Perak (Scorteehini) ; Selangor, Se-
mangkok Pass (Ridley 12033, differs in its pinnules
being sessile and somewhat decurrent). Distrib. Indo-
Malaya, Australia.
G. verrxicosum Wall. Common in open country. Singapore,
Pasir Panjang, Bukit Mandai (Kidley 3597(7) ; Johor,
Gunong Pulai (Hullett) ; Selangor, Dusun Tua, Batu
Caves (Kidley 8138) ; Perak, Larut (Kings Coll. 5559),
Sungei Raya (King's Coll. 965), Thaiping Hills Cottage
(Hcrvey) ; Lankawi (Curtis). Distrib. Malaya.
O. Korthahi Mett. Perak, Larut on trees (King's Coll.
2943), Thaiping Hills Cottage (Hervev) ; Penang Hill
(Fox).
NlPHOBOLUS.
N. adnascens Sw. " Sakat Batu " on rocks and trees. Sing-
apore, Pulau Ubin (Ridley 9510), Changi Beach (4347) ;
Johor, Gunong Pulai (Hullett) ; Malacca, Pulau Undan
(Cantley's Coll.), Ayer Keroh; Dindings, Lumut (Ridley
10145) ; Perak, Harum Parah (Scorteehini 844), Kamu-
ning (Machado) ; Penang Hill (Ridley).
var. 1ongifo1itt8. Perak, Thaiping (King's Coll. 8336).
Distrib. Africa, India, Malaya, China, Polynesia.
iY. acrostichoides Sw. Common on trees in open country.
Singapore, Tanglin, Chan Chu Kang (Ridley 6684) ;
Johor, Batu Pahat (Ridley), Jambu Larang (Fielding) ;
Malacca, Mt. Ophir; Pahang, Kuala Pahang; Perak,
Gunong Batu Putih (Wray 1232). Distrib. Burmali.
E. A- Set., No. 60, 1906.
42 FERNS OP THE MALAY PENINSULA.
P. cucullaium Noes. Malacca, Mt. Ophir (Hullett) ; Pahang.
Kluang Terbang (BarneB) ; Selangor, Bukit Kutu (Rid-
ley 7877) ; Perak Bujong Malacca on rocks in a stream
(Ridley 9612). Distrib. Coylon.
P. triangulare Scort. Perak (Scortechini), Gunong Batu
Putih (Wray 294). Endemic.
P. cornigerum Bak. Perak, Thaiping Hills, Gunong Hijau
(Day, Scortechini). Distrib. Ceylon.
P. streptophyllum Bak. Singapore (Murton) not seen since.
P. Khasyamim Hook. Johor, Gunong Pulai (Hullett) ;
Perak at 4000 feet alt. (Day). Distrib. India.
P. obliquatum Bl. Perak, Larut at 3-3300 feet alt. (King's
Coll. 2094), Thaiping Hills (Scortechini, Hervey).
Distrib. India.
P. nutans Bl. Malacca, Mt. Ophir on trees (Moore's Her-
barium). Distrib. Java.
P. subfahatum Bl. Perak, at 3-4000 feet (Scortechini, Day).
Distrib. India.
P. decorum Brack. On trees in mangrove swamps, and on
mountain tops. Singapore, Kranji (Ridley) ; Johor,
Gunong Panti, Gunong Pulai, (Kidley 3704) and Tan-
jong Bunga; Malacca, Mt. Ophir, and Gunong Mering
(Ridlev 3342 and 3343); Perak, Gunong Keledang
(Ridley 9558); Penang Hill; Kedah Peak (Ridley).
Distrib. Indo-Malava, Polvnesia.
P. ma/accanum Baker. Malacca, Mt. Ophir, Gunong Mering
(Ridley 3345), Gunong Ledang (9884). Endemic.
P. fuscatum Bl. Perak (Scortechini), Gunong Bubu
(Wray); Kedah Peak (Ridley).
P. alternidem Cesati. Malacca, Mt. Ophir (Ridley 9862) ;
Perak, Thaiping Hills, Tea Gardens (Ridley). Distrib.
Borneo.
P. sy^y t y t jiatifidum Bl. Perak, Gunong Kerbau (De Mor-
gan) '^istrib. Java, Polynesia.
\^ , - Jour. Straits Branch.
\
\
\
FERNS OF THE MALAY.PENIX8ULA. 43
P. papillosum Bl. Perak, Larut (Kings Coll. 1994), Gu-
nong Haram Pa rah (Scortechini 665), Kinta on lime-
stone rooks 500 to 1000 feet alt. (Kings Coll. 7206).
Distrib. Malava.
P. tenuisectum Bl. Perak (Scortechini). Distrib. Java.
GONIOPHLEBIUM.
O. subauriculatum Bl. Perak (Scortechini) ; Selangor, Se-
mangkok Pass (Ridley 12033, differs in its pinnules
being sessile and somewhat decurrent). Distrib. Indo-
Malaya, Australia.
C. rerrucosum Wall. Common in open country. Singapore,
Pasir Panjang, Bukit Mandai (Ridley 3597a) ; Johor,
Gunong Pulai (Hullett) ; Selangor, Dusun Tua, Batu
Caves (Ridlev 8138) ; Perak, Larut (Kings Coll. 5359),
Sungei Raya'(Kings Coll. 965), Thaiping Hills Cottage
(Hervey) ; Lankawi (Curtis). Distrib. Malaya.
O. Korthalsi Mett. Perak, Larut on trees (King's Coll.
2913), Thaiping Hills Cottage (Hervev) ; Penang Hill
(Fox).
NlPHOBOLUS.
N. adnascens Sw. " Sakat Batu " on rocks and trees. Sing-
apore, Pulau Ubin (Ridley 9510), Changi Beach (4347) ;
Johor, Gunong Pulai (Hullett) ; Malacca, Pulau Undan
(Cantley\s Coll.), Ayer Keroh; Dindings, Lumut (Ridley
10145) ; Perak, Harum Parah (Scortechini 844), Kamu-
ning (Machado) ; Penang Hill (Ridley).
var. longifolius. Perak, Thaiping (King's Coll. 8336).
Distrib. Africa, India, Malaya, China, Polynesia.
X. acrostirhoides Sw. Common on trees in open country.
Singapore, Tanglin, Chan Chu Kang (Ridley 6684) ;
Johor, Batu Pahat (Ridley), Jambu Larang (Fielding) ;
Malacca, Mt. Ophir; Pahang, Kuala Pahang; Perak,
Gunong Batu Putih (Wray 1232). Distrib. Burmah.
B. A- Sot., No. 60, 1906.
44 FERNS OF THE MALAY PENINSULA.
N. Heleractis Mett. Perak, Knala Dipang (King's Coll.
8275). Distrib. India.
N. stigmosum Sw. Perak, Gunong Pondok (King's Coll.
8361), Batu Kurau (Scortechini). Distrib. India.
N. penangianns Hook. Pahang, Kota Glanggi (Ridley) ;
Solangor, Kuala Lumpur (Curtis) ; Perak, Kinta
(King's Coll. 7083) ; Penang, just above the waterfall
( Hullett ) . Distrib. Burmah.
N. hoyaefolium T. Moore. Singapore, Woodlands (Mat-
thew) ; Johor, Mt. Austin (Eidley).
N. nummulariaefolius Sw. On trees, " Berunas Jantan."
Pahang, Kuala Pahang (Ridley) ; Sungei Ujong, Bukit
Sulu (Cantley) ; Perak, Tambuan near Tpoh (Ridley
9829), Kuala Dipang (King's Coll. 82T0). Distrib.
India.
Dipttris.
D. Horsfieldii Br. On rocks by the sea, and also on mountain
tops. Singapore, Harbour, Kranji (Ridley 1673), Pulau
Tekong (-1227 ) : Johor, Gunong Pulai, Gunong Panti,
and by the Scudai River (Ridley) ; Malacca, Mt. Ophir;
Solangor, Pahang route (Maehado), Hulu Semangkok
(Ridley); Perak (Seorteehini) ; Penang Hill (Hullett,
etc.) : kedah Peak (Ridley). Distrib. Malay isles, Poly-
nesia.
D. Lobhiana Hook. On banks of streams. Johor, Gunong
Panti (Ridley 4141); Pahang, Tahan River (Ridley
2170) ; Malacca, Mt. Ophir (l)erry) ; Perak (Scortechini,
Wray 2920), Bujong Malacca (Ridley) ; Kodak Peak
Ridley). Distrib. Borneo.
Drynaria.
D. splendens Hook. Singapore (fide Beddome).
D. quern folia L. Common on trees, " Sakat Laipang." The
leaves are burnt and applied to the stomach for mis-
Jour. Strait* Branch.
FERNS OF THE MALAY PENINSULA. 45
carriage. Singapore, Pulau Ubin (Ridley 9484), Bukit
Timah, Tras (1673); Johor, Scudai River (Ridley
12223); Pahang, Tcmbcling River; Malacca, Bukit
Bruang (Cantley) ; Perak (Seorleehini), Batang Padang
(King's Coll.); Penang Hill (Ridley). Distrib. Indo-
Malaya.
D. Linnaei Bory. Singapore, Cliangi, Serangoon (Ridley
4352), Tanjong Gol; Pahang, Pulau Datoh, Pulau
Chengei (Ridlev) ; Perak, Batang Padang (King's Coll.
8087) ; Penang* near the Bath (Ridley 7077) ; Tringanu,
Bundi (Rostado). Distrib. India.
D. HcrnclcutH Kze. " Paku Sulo." Johor, Tanjong Kupang
(Ridlev 4353) ; Perak, Maxwell's Hill (Seorleehini 228),
Larut '(King's Coll. 6302), Box Hill (Fox).
D. riyidula S\v. On rock* and trees. Selangor, 15th mile
Pahang track (Ridley) ; Perak (Scortechini), Bujong
Malacca (Ridley 9552); Tenang, Penara Bukit (Ridley
6945) : Kedah Peak on Precipices (Ridley 5151). Dis-
trib. Malaya, Australasia.
Pleopeltis.
PL avccJens Bl. Sungei Ujong (Hullett) ; Selangor, 15th
mile Pahang Track (Ridlev) ; Perak. Bujong Malacca
(Ridley 9016), Larut (King's Coll. 1900), Kuala Kang-
wi (Ridley). Distrib. Malaya, Polynesia.
P. Wrayi Bak. Pahang, Kluang Tcrbang (Barnes) ; Perak,
Gunong Hijau, Cottage and the Tea Gardens, Thaiping
Hills (Day, Scortechini, Wray, King 2358, 3673, Ridley,
Her vey ) . Endemic.
P. stcnophylla Bl. High up on lofty trees in the low country,
on rocks and low trees in the hills. Singapore, Bukit
Timah (Ridley 4350) ; Johor, Gunong Banag, Bukit
Pahat (Ridley 1255) ; Perak, Maxwell's Hill (Scorte-
chini 263); Penang (Cantley); Kedah Peak (Ridley).
Distrib. Malava.
B. A Soc., St. 50, 1908.
46 FERNS OF THE MALAY PENINSULA.
PL sinuoma Wall. On trees common in the south, remarkable
for the thick hollow rhizomes full of biting ants. Sing-
apore, Gardens, Bukit Timah, Jurong (Ridley 5864) ;
Johor, Gunong Pulai (Hullett) ; Penang (Curtis 10137).
Distrib. Malaya.
PL rupestris Bl. Perak at 4000 feet alt. (Scortechini 251,
King 7355), Gunong Inas at 5000 feet (Wray 4123).
PL longifolia Mett. Singapore, Sungei Morai, Bukit Tiinah
(Ridley) ; Johor, Tcbing Tinggi (Ridley), Gunong Pulai
(Hullett) ; Negri Sembilan, Perhentian Tinggi (Ridley
10820) ; Perak, Larut (King's Coll. 1904, 2741), Water-
loo (Curtis), Bujong Malacca (Ridley 1)614). Distrib.
Indo-Malava.
PL superficialis Bl. Perak, Larut 3 to 4000 feet (King's
Coll. 2180, Scortechini), Maxwell's Hill (Ridley). Dis-
trib. India, China.
PL angustata Sw. " Paku Hilan," common on trees. Sing-
apore, Gardens (Ridley 10162), Pulau Ubin (King's
Coll. 201); Sungei Morai, Bajau, Changi (a forked
form) ; Johor, Tanjong Bunga, 4th mile from Johor
Ridley) ; Perak, Tliaiping Hills (Ridley, Scortechini
1082),Kuala Kangsa (Ridley) ; Penang, Government
Hill, Convalescent Bungalow (Ridley). Distrib. India,
Australia.
PL platyphylla Sw. On rocks and trees at high elevations,
a beautiful species. Selangor, Pahang Track (Ridley
8653) and Semangkok Pass; Perak, Gunong Haram
Pa rah (Scortechini); Kedah, Yan (Ridley 5169).
PL membranacca Don. Perak (Scortechini).
PL punctata L. PL irioides. Common on low trees and
stumps. Singapore, Chan Chu Kang, Serangoon (Rid-
ley 81)35), Sungei Buloli, Gardens, etc; Malacca, Pulau
Besar ; Selangor, 15th mile Pahang Track (Ridley 8657) ;
Perak, Tliaiping (Scortechini 538) ; Penang (King's
Coll. 5060), Pulau Badak (Curtis 3058). Distrib.
Tropics of Old World.
Jour. Straits Branch,
FKRNS OF THE MALAY PENINSULA. 47
P. musae folium Bl. Selangor, Ginting Bidai, Batu Caves
(Kidlcv) ; Perak, Sungei Ravah (King's Coll. 862) and
Larut 181H)) . Distrib. Malava.
P. Scortechinii Bcdd. Pcrak, Maxwell's Hill (Scortcchini
2161), Thaiping (King's Coll. 8382). Endemic.
PL ptcropus Bl. Perak (Scortcchini), Kinta River (King's
Coll. 386). Distrib. lndo-Malaya, China.
PL invurcata Bl. On rocks and trees at high elevations.
Selangor, Bukit Hitam; Pcrak, Bujong Malacca (Rid-
ley), Cottage Thaiping Hills (Hcrvcy) ; Kedah Peak
(Ridley) one form with simple ovate sterile fronds, and
simple linear fertile ones. Distrib. Malaya.
PL insignis Bl. Malacca (fide Bcddomc).
PL Phymalodcs L. " Pulau Wangi," « Sakat Hitam." A
very common and variable fern. The sweetly scented
fronds have an odour of Coumarin when dry and are
used for putting among clothes to scent them by natives.
Singapore, Gardens, Passir Panjang, Tampinis River,
Changi (Kidlcv 2681), Pulau Ubin (4360), Bukit Timah
4359) ; Johor; Pahang, Kuala Pahang (Ridley 1448),
Pekan (1581) ; Malacca, Pengkalan Minyak; and Bukit
Panchur (Cantley) ; Pcrak, Thaiping (Scortcchini 539) ;
Dindings, Lumut (Kidlcv) ; Pcnang, Top of the Hill
(Ridley ;oo5) ; Lankawi (Curtis). Distrib. All the
Tropics of the Old World.
PL longimma Bl. Perak, Kinta River (King's Coll. 402).
Distrib. Indo-Malava.
PL nigresrens Bl. " Paku Chiai." Singapore, Bukit Timah
(Ridley, King's Collector 349) ; Sungei Ujong, Bukit
Sulu (Cantley 's Coll.) ; Selangor, Batu Caves (Ridley) ;
Perak (Scortcchini); Tringanu, Bundi (Kostado).
Distrib. India.
PL laciniata Bl. Perak, Thaiping Hills, Coulfield's Hill
(King's Coll. Day).
B. ▲• Soc., No. 50, 1908.
48 FERNS OF THE MALAY PENINSULA.
PL palmata Bl. Perak, Gunong Batu Putih (Wray 580),
Maxwell's Hill (Seortechini) ; Penang Hill (Bidley
7154) ; Prov. Wellesley, Bukit Panchur (Ridley 12639).
Distrib. Malay islands.
GRAMMIT1DAE.
MoNOGRAMME.
31. imradoxa Fee. Penang Hill, rocks at Richmond Pool
(Ridley 7135). Distrib. Ceylon, Malaya, Australia.
31. trirhoidca Sm. Rocks in forest. Singapore, Bukit Timak
(Ridley) ; Sclangor, Pahang track, 15th mile (Ridley).
Distrib. Philippines.
31. dareaccarpa Hook. A minute hair-like plant. Singapore
Bukit Timah, on rocks at the base of the hill (Matthew).
Distrib. Borneo.
Stegxogramme.
S. aspidiuides Hook. Perak, Kinta (King's Coll. 720*).
Distrib. Indo-Malava.
V
Gymxogramme.
G. calomelanos Kaulf. " Paku Merak." Probably intro-
duced but now scattered widely over the whole Peninsula
and often far from cultivation.* Singapore, Chan Chu
Kang, Pulau Ubin, etc. (Ridley) ; Johor, Tanjong Ku-
pang; Malacca (Ilervey) ; Selangor, Rawang (Ridley
7834), Kuala Lumpur (Goodenough) ; Penang, Water-
fall Hill (Ridley 30G4) ; Tringanu, Bundi (Kotrtado).
Syxgramme.
£. fraxinca Don. Perak, Larut at 2-2300 feet elevation
(King's Coll. 2251, Scortechini). Distrib. Africa, Indo-
Malaya, Polynesia, Japan.
^. Lobbiana Hook. Johor, Gunong Panti (King 205).
Jour. Straiti Branch.
FERNS OF THE MALAY PENINSULA. 49
5. Wallichii Hook. Damp places in forests. Singapore,
Bukit Timah (Ridley 5869) a variety with branched
fronds is not rare, Chua Chu Kang (Ridley 10604) ;
Johor, Tanjong Kupang; Perak, Maxwell's Hill (Kid-
ley) ; Penang Hill. Distrib. Borneo.
5. alismae folia Hook. " Paku Tombak." Less common than
the last but really hardly distinct. Singapore, Chan
Chu Kang; Malacca, Merlimau (Cantley's Coll.), Ayer
Keroh (Ridley); Negri Sembilan, Bukit Kayu Arang
( Cant lev ) ; Perak, Thaiping (Seortechini). Distrib.
Mai.
$. Dayii Bedd. Perak Pass between Kuala Kangsa and Kinta
at 2000 feet elevation (Day). Endemic.
Selliguea.
£. Fori Hook. On trees low down. Common in mangrove
swamps. ik Paku Galah Hantu Lain." Singapore,
Kranji, etc.: Johor, (iunong Pulai: Malacca, Batu Tiga
(I)orrv) : Pahang. Talian River (Ridlev) : Perak, Larut
(Kings Coll 3!) 12), Box Hill (Fox),' Bujong Malacca
(Ridlev): Penang Hill (a branched form). Distrib.
Ma lava.
S. nirmbranaccn Hook. Singapore (Moore's herbarium) ;
Perak, Ulu Kerling (King's Coil. 8841, 948, 2086),
Upper Perak (Wray 3638). Distrib. Malaya.
5. Maingayi Baker. Malacca (Beddomc). Endemic.
S. campyhneuroides Bak. Perak, Selama River (King's
Coll. 3112), Hoping on shrubs (8145). Distrib. Borneo.
LOXOGRAMME.
L. lanceolata Sw. Malacca, Bukit Tampin (Goodenough) ;
Selangor, 15th mile Pahang Track (Ridley 8646);
Perak, Kinta (Kings Coll. 4754), Larut (2235), Bujong
Malacca (Ridley 1)615). Distrib. Africa, Indo-Malaya,
China, Polynesia.
R. A. 8oc., No. jO, 190S.
50 FERNS OF THE MALAY PENINSULA.
L. in valuta Don. Selangor, 15th mile Pahang Track, Ba-
wang Camphor woods (Ridlev <831); Sungei Ujong
(Hullett); Perak, Kuala Dipang (King's Coll. 8280),
Kinta (Kunstler 373), Cottage Thaiping Hills (Her-
vey). Distrib. Indo-Malaya, Polynesia.
L. avenia Bak. Pahang, Tahan River (Ridley's Collector);
Selangor, 15th mile Pahang Track (Ridlev); Penang
Hill (Ridley). Distrib. Malaya.
Bkainea.
Br. insignia Hook. On the ground near the sea. Dindings,
Pulau Sembilan (Curtis and Ridley 3056). Distrib.
India, Hongkong.
Mexiscium.
3/. triphyllum S\v. Singapore, Ditches near Macpherson
Road (Ridley 9146); Pahang, Tahan River (Ridley);
Perak, Upper Perak (Wray 3522). Distrib. Indo-
Malaya, China.
.V. cusjridafum Bl. Singapore, Bukit Timah, Chan Chn
Kang, Tapper Mandai (Ridlev 4301) ) ; Johor (Hullett),
Batu Pahat on Bukit Soga '(Ridley 10972) ; Malacca,
Sungei lludang Road (Dcrry 8(>) ; Sungei Ujong, Tam-
]>in (Goodcnough) Penang, Government Hill (Ridley).
Distrib. Indo-Malaya.
.1/. sal ici folium Wall. On rocks. Singapore, Selitar (Bishop
Hose); Perak, Relau Tujor (Wray 183), Bujong Ma-
lacca (Ridley); Tenang, Government Hill (Ridley).
Endemic.
Jl/. sp. Perak, Larut Hills (Curtis 3T17).
AXTKOPHYUM.
I doubt if any of these species are specifically distinct
except perhaps the last.
J. rctivulalum Kaulf. On rocks. Singapore, Bukit Timah,
Selitar (Ridley -1315); Johor, Batu Pahat (Ridley
Jour. Strain Brunch.
FERNS OF THE MALAY PENINSULA. 51
110(59): Pahang, Tahan, Kota Glanggi (Ridley);
Malacca, Alor Gajah: Selangor, Gunong Hijau (Good-
enough), Labu River, Batu Cave* (Ridley); Perak
(Scorteehini), Bujong Malacca (Ridley) ; Penang Hill,
var. jxirvuluM Bl. Perak (Hullett). Distrib. India,
Australasia.
A. plantagineum Kaulf. Penang Hill (Ridley). Distrib.
Indo-Malava, Polvnesia.
• •
A. scmicostatuw Bl. Dindings, Lnmut (Ridlev) ; Perak,
Maxwell's Hill (Scorteehini 237). Distrib. Malaya,
Polvnesia.
A. Inti folium Bl. Sungei Fjong (Hullett); Perak (Scorte-
ehini). Distrib. Indo-Malava.
Vittakia.
V. plan gala Sw. Common on tree?. Singapore (King's Coll.
223), Thomson Road (Murton), Green Hill (Hullett),
Passir Panjang. Sungei Morai. etc. (Ridley); Johor,
Pengaram (Ridley): Muar. Sungei Pauh : Malacca.
Sclandan, Mt. Ophir (Ridley) : Pahang, Pekan (Ridley) ;
Selangor. dinting Bidai : Perak. Bujong Malacca (Rid-
ley). Distrib. Tropics of Old World.
T\ lineata Sw. Common on trees. Selangor, Ulu Selangor
(Goodenough); Kedah (Kings Coll. 1739). Distrib.
All Tropics.
V. sulcata Kuhn. On trees at high altitudes. Selangor,
Bukit Ilitam (Ridley) ; Malacca, Gunong Mcring, Ophir
(Ridley 3352) ; Perak (Scorteehini) ; Kedah Peak (Rid-
lev). Distrib. Cevlon.
T\ falcata Kze. Malacca, Gunong Tunduk, Ophir (Ridley
98G4) ; Pahang, Keluang Tcrbang (Barnes) ; Selangor,
Hulu Semangkok; Perak, Bujong Malacca (Ridley).
V. srnlopcndrina Prcsl. Singapore, Kranji, Tanglin, Chua
Chu Kang (Ridley 1030) ; Pahang, Tahan River (Rid-
lev) : Perak, Maxwell's Hill (Scorteehini), Goping
(Bishop Hose), Gunong Batu Putih (Wray 1132);
K. A. Hoc., No. 60, 1901
52 FERXS OP THE MALAY PENINSULA,
Kedah (Curtis) : Lankawi, Gunong Baya at 2500 feet
(Curtis). Crested and branched forms occur in Tanglin
and elsewhere in Singapore. Distrib. Africa, Indo-
Malava.
Taexitis.
T. blechnoides Sw. Common in woods all over the Peninsula,
and very variable. " Paku Pijai," " Paku Balu."
var. a. Fronds simple. Malacca, Mt. Ophir (Ridley
3366) and Mering. A branched form occurs on Ophir;
Selangor, Pahang Track (Ridley).
var. b. Fronds pinnate narrow. The commonest
form. Singapore, Garden jungle, Sungei Morai, Selitar
(Ridlev 4334) ; Johor, Gunong Pulai (Ridley) ; Malacca,
St. John's Hill, Pulau Besar (Ridley 4335) ; Pahang,
Tahan River, Kuala Semantan (Ridley) ; Perak (Scorte-
chini 34) ; Kedah Peak.
var. c. Fronds pinnate verv broad. Singapore, Bukit
Timah, Tras (Ridley 8568) and Changi (2683). Dis-
trib. India, Malava.
DltYMOGLOSSlM.
D. piloseJhides Presl. Extremely common on trees, and very
troublesome, covering the branches " Sakat Ribu-Ribu."
A curious crested form on the trees of the Cathedral
close (Bishop Hose). Singapore, evervwhere Bukit
Mandai (Ridley 6032), Teban (4346)/ Pulau Ubin,
Tanglin, etc.; Johor, common; Malacca, Ayer Panas;
Perak, Thaiping (Scortechini), Kamuning (Machado) ;
Tringanu, Bundi (Rostado). Distrib. Indo-Malaya.
Hemioxites.
II. arifolia Burn. In limestone districts usually on the rocks.
Perak, Kamuning on the ground (Ridlev), Larut
(King's Coll. 41M) ; Lankawi (Curtis). Distrib. Indo-
Malava.
//. *p. Selangor, Gua Batn (Ridley 8135).
Jour. Straits Branch.
FEKXS OF THE MALAY PENINSULA. 53
ACROST1C1IEAE.
KLAPUCKJLOSsrM.
Most of the local species much resemble each other, and
are rather dillicult to separate. The species are not so rare
as might appear but seldom fruit.
Ij. laurifulium Bedd. E. fafifolium Bedd. Singapore,
Kranji (mangrove swamps) ; Pahang, Tahan River
(Ridley), Kluang Terbang (Barnes); Perak, Top of
Gunong Batu Putih (Wrav l\VJ) ; Kedah, Gunong Jerai
(Ridley r>l<jS).
£\ confonnc S\v. Pahang. Tahan River (Ridlev) ; Penang
Hill (\V. Fox).
b\ Xorrisii ilook. Malacca, Ml. Ophir (Ridlev .mi, J)870) ;
Penang (Kidley); Perak (King's Coll. 2232). Ende-
mic.
Stkxociilaena.
&\ palustn: L. One of the commonest ferns, "' Paku Ramu,"
" P. Mesin. or P. Miding or Lanriding/' The young
leaves very popular as a vegetable. Singapore, Tanglin,
Balesticr Road (Kidley <tg-l!)) ; Johor. Tanjong Kupang
(Ridley WM) and Kota Tinggi ; Malacca (Ilcrvey),
Pulau I'ndan (Cantlev's Coll.) : Perak, (toping (King's
Coll. H:M), Waterfall thaiping (Wray, Seortechini 109) ;
Tringanu, Bundi (Rostado). Distrib. India, China,
Polvnesia.
«
fc\ aorbi folia L. Common in forests. The variation in the
form of the fronds is very remarkable. Singapore, Bukit
Timah; Johor, Gunong Pulai (Hullett) ; Pahang, Tahan
River (Ridley) ; Selangor, Semangkok Pass, Ulu Langat,
Batu Caves (Ridlev); Perak (Scortcchini), Larut
(Kings Colo. m>.V)/Upper Perak (Wrav 3;u3), Water-
fall Hill. Maxwell's Jlill, etc. Distrib. All tropics.
£'. [irrvknw! Bcdd. Perak, Thaiping, (King's Coll. 83 io).
Endemic.
B, A. 3oc„ Xo. 60, 1908.
54 FERNS OF THE MALAY PENINSULA.
POLYBOTRYA.
P. appeiidiaihita Willd. On rocks in forest. Singapore,
Bukit Timah (King's Coll. o35) and all other collectors,
abundant. Dindings, Luinut (Ridley) ; Perak (Scorte-
c-hini); Lankawi (Curtis).
var. subintcgra Bedd. Johor, Batu Pahat (Ridley).
Distrib. Indo-Malaya, China.
Stexosismia.
8. auritu (Sw.) Limestone Bocks. Pahang, Kota Glanggi
(Ridley) ; Selangor, Batu Caves (Ridley) ; Perak, Kwala
Dipang (Ridley 934;), (loping (King's Collector 442).
Distrib. Malay islands to the Solomon isles.
•>'. sp. Peuang Hill (Ridley lOVS).
CY.MNOITERIS.
G. variabilis Hook. Perak, Kinta (Scortechiui ilOJ).
var. axillaris. Perak, I'lu Bubong (King's Coll.
1W28). Distrib. India.
G. s]>i<ata Linn. ill. Not verv common. Pulau Tioman
(Ridley) ; Perak, Ma. well's' Hill, Cottage Thaiping Hills
(Ridley. King's Collection WIS) ; Penang Hill rocks on
the top (Rid icy. King's Coll. l«>y<); Kedah. Distrib.
I nd i if.
G. fhiffrllifi'va Wall. In muddy spots by streams. Singapore,
Stagmount (Ridley), Pulau Tioman; Selangor, Ra-
wang; Perak (Scortechiui). Coping (King's Collection
1097). Distrib. India.
G. subrepanda Hook. Singapore, Bukit Timah (Ridley) ;
Perak, Chanderiang (King's Collection 5797), Upper
Perak (Wray 3G79), Thaiping Hills Cottage (Ridley).
Kndeinic.
G. Prvslmna Hook. In dense forests. Singapore, Bukit
Timah (Hullett, Ridley, etc.). Distrib. Conean and
Philippines.
Jour, tttraiti Branch.
F£JINS OF THE MALAY PENINSULA. 55
G. conto mi nans Wall. Perak (Seortechini).
G. vofitatum Wall. Penang, Balik Pulau (Curtis). Distrib.
India and Burmah.
L.0MAGRAMMA.
L. pcrakcnsis Bedd. Perak at 400 feet elevation (Day,
King's Collector 8315). Endemic.
Acrostichum.
A. aureum L. Common in tidal rivers, but sometimes long
persisting after the river has disappeared. I have seen
it thu* in open places far inland as at the base of Gunong
Paiitai (Johor), Bukit Asahan (Malacca) and in the Bo-
tanic Gardens in Singapore. It is abundant in Singapore
even in the town canals; Johor, Batu Pahat, etc.; Din-
dings at Luinut; Selangor, Klang, etc.; Perak; Kcdah;
Penang. Distrib. All tropics.
Piiotixopteris.
Ph. rigida Wall. On boughs of trees overhanging rivers and
mangrove swamps. Singapore, Kranji, Woodlands
(Matthew) ; Johor; Perak, Goping (King's Coll. 8G1) ;
Penang (Curtis). Distrib. Malaya.
P. drynarioidrs Hook. Bare. Penang Hill (Bishop Hose).
Distrib. Malay isles.
CllUYHODIUM.
Ch. bicitspc Hook. In mossy spots by streams at 3000 feet
elevation. Malacca, Mount Ophir on the banks of the
stream above Padang Batu (Ridley 9872) ; Perak, Thai-
ping Hills (Ridley). Distrib. Java and Formosa.
Platycliuum.
PL f/r'tndr Sin. Singapore (fide Bcddomc, but no one else
seems to have seen it here) ; Lankawi islands, Curtis
R. A- Soc., No. 50. 1908.
56 FEKNS OF TUE MALAY PENINSULA.
found one or two plants there. Distrib. Malaya, Aus-
tralia.
PL bifonne Bl. The common elk's horn fern, abundant every
where and attaining a very large .size. Singapore, Tang-
lin, Selitar (Ridley 3.VJ.V), Bukit Timali (Bidloy 4351,
80-ill). All over the peninsula. Distrib. indo-Malaya.
var. crceta. A much smaller plant with the fertile
fronds erect and short. Sterile amending fronds a foot
long and as wide, very strongly ribbed, rounded in out-
line, and dotted over with hairs arranged stellately, fertile
fronds stiffly erect 8 to 18 inches long, 8 inches across,
dichotomously branched, the tips of the branches round-
ed, fertile lobe spathulate or obovate pedicel led 2-3 inches
long and as wide in the widest part. Singapore, Bukit
Timah on very lofty branches of trees (liidley 10830).
Bishop Hose first pointed out this plant to me some years
ago on perfectly inaccessible boughs of a lofty tfhorca tree
100 feet or more from the ground. Then* are a number
of plants on the boughs, all are quite similar and there
are no typical specimens of P/atyceriiun bi forme on the
tree though it is abbundant in the surrounding forests.
1 have onlv been able to obtain fallen fronds. Mr. C J.
Matthew took specimeus to Kew and Mr. Wright notes
on them a* follows. *' 1 do not think this can be
separated as a distinct species from Platycerium bifonne
Bl. but is a form produced by growing in exposed situ-
ations and is worthy of a varetal name. It has also been
*
collected in Borneo by Motley who remarks " on the high-
est branches of trees in very exposed places perhaps only
[a form] of the long drooping plant growing in damp
and shade." The plant is certainly most closely allied
to P. bifonne Bl., but 1 hardly think it can be classed
as merely a form or state of that plant. I have seen the
ordinary form growing in quite exposed places, on lofty
trees and showing no variation. The variety with its
short stiff erect fronds, has a most curious appearance,
and really looks more distinct from the typical form than
any other Platycerium I have seen. I note however that
Jour. Straits Branch.
FEKNS OF THE MALAY PENINSULA. 57
ill 1\ bifonne the young branched fronds when first pro-
truded point directly upwards and then first spread out
horizontally, then dellex. On the same trees which bear
this curious fern, grows also Lcvmioptcris carnusa the
onlv lowland locality I know for this plant.
v v X
SCHIZEACEAE.
SCIIIZADA.
£. malacrana Bak. Mossy plaecs at 1000 feet elevation.
Malacca, Mt. Opliir (Ridley !>860) ; Kedah Teak (Rid-
ley). lMstrib. Malay isles.
S. dirhufoma Sw. Common in dry woods or sandy spots,
whole ])cninsula, ** Paku Tunibar," " Paku Jarum."
Singapore, Toas, Passir Panjang, Kranji, etc. (Ridley) ;
Johor, Pengarani. Gunong Pulai (Ridley); Pahang,
K wan tan (Craddock). Rumpin River, Pekan (Uidley);
Malacca, Rrisu and Sungei Iludang (R. Derrv); Perak,
Ulu Kul (Kings Coll. 107351). Distrib. nearly all the
tropics.
£. diyitaiu Sw. Common in woods. Singapore, Garden
Jungle. Reservoir Woods, etc. (Ridley) ; Johor, Tana
Runto (Ridley): Pahang, Kuala Teinbcling; Malacca,
Pengkalan Ampat, Selandau (Ridley) ; Negri Scmbilan,
Kuala Pedas; Sclangor, llatu Caves on the top of the
rocks; Perak (Scortechini), Thaiping Hills, Tea Gardens
(Ridley), Waterfall Hill (Wray) ; Penang Hill; Kedah
Peak. Distrib. lndo-Malava. Polynesia.
Lyuodium.
L. cirdnatum Sw. L. dichotomum Bedd. One of the com-
monest and best known ferns, u Ribu-Ribu Dudok," or
" Rukit," "Paku Jari Merah " (Tringanu). leaves
used for headache. Singapore, Tanglin, Bajau, Chan
Chu Kang (Ridley 4229, 8U«5T"), etc.; Malacca, Sungei
Udang, Chabau (Ridley M)l)j Pahang, Tahan River j
R. A. Soc, No. W, 1908.
58 FEUNS OF THE MALAY PENINSULA.
Perak, Waterfall Hill (Wray 2324), Larut (King's Cull.
?j03) ; Tringanu, Bundi (Rostado) ; Lankawi (Curtis).
Distrib. Indo-Malaya, China.
L. microphyUum Br. Not rare in open grassy places. Sing-
apore, Kranji, Botanic Gardens (Ridley 0917) ; Johor,
Kampong Bahru, Tebing Tinggi (Ridley) ; Perak
(Scort echini). Distrib. Indo-Malaya.
L. fcxuosum Sw. Common in the low country, " Akar
Sidin," " Ribu-Ribu Gajah.'' Singapore, Botanic Gar-
dens; Pahang, Kuala Tembcling (Kidley); Malacca,
Pcngkalan Minvak, Gunong Berumbun (Cantlcv's
Coll.); Peiiang" Hill, Telok Bahang (Curtis G25*) ;
Tringanu, Bundi (Rostado) : Kedah Peak (Ridley);
Kelautan, Kuala Lcbir (Dr. Gimlette).
var. alta Clarke. Perak (King's Coll. 29<-5). Dis-
trib. Indo-Malava, Africa, Australia.
L. polys loch yum Wall. Pahang. Kuala Tembcling (Ridley
21.*>0) ; Perak, Upper Perak (Wray) ; Penang, Waterfall
(llullett). Distrib. Burmah.
MARATT1ACEAE.
ANGIOrTEKlS.
A. cvevfa IIofTin. Xot rare in woods, commonly known local-
ly as the elephant fern. Singapore, Bukit Timah (Hul-
lett, etc.) ; Pahang, Pekan (Ridlev) ; Perak, Maxwell's
Hill (Scortechini 219, King's Coll. 5203). Distrib.
Indo-Malaya, Australia, Madagascar.
Kaulfussia.
K. acsculifolia Bl. Terrestrial in damp spots or on rocks.
Sclangor, Batu Caves covering the ground in great
masses, in damp spots (Ridley 8010) ; Perak, Thaipiug
Hills (Curtis ;U1S, Ridley, Scortechini) on rocks or the
ground, Kinta (King's Coll. 4<81). Distrib. Indo-
Malava.
Jour. Strata Branch
FEUNS OF THE MALAY PENINSULA. 59
OPillOGLOSSACEAE.
OPIIIOULOSSUM.
0. rciirulutunt L. Pcnang in drv spots in the waterfall valley
(Ridley 9837, 11394). Distrib. Eastern Tropics.
0. Hitilicauh' L. iil. In grassy spots. Singapore, Bukit Pan-
jang (Ridley 420.3)', Chan Chu Kang (Ridley 2121).
Distrib. Tropics*.
0. pendulum L. Singapore, Tanglin, Bukit Mandai, etc.
(Ridlcv) ; Selangor, Rawang, Camphor Woods (Ridley) ;
Perak,* Guuong Batu Putih (Wray 1133). This plant
usually grows on Plat yceri tint but also on trees. It has
a habit of suddenly appearing and spreading widely and
then apparently disappearing. At one time the only
locality I knew for it was on a tree in the Barracks
({rounds. This died and the plant disappeared there,
but then appeared in the Botanic Gardens, and spread
rapidly. Distrib. Eastern Tropics.
HlCLMINTILOSTACILYS.
11. zeylan iva L. In damp muddy spots in open country in
thickets. Malacca, Brisu ( berry) ; Pahang, common
along the Pahang River, Pekan, Pulau Mania, Pulau
Jcllam. Kuala Tembeling; Selangor, near the Batu Caves
(Kidley 8152); Perak (Scort echini), Blanja (Wray
140); Tringanu, Ismail Rantau (Down). Distrib.
Eastern Tropics.
Addendum.
Ahophila glabra Hook. Bukit Timah and other forests in
Singapore in damp spots. This is the plant mentioned as
Ant pi tropin in altera us from Singapore. It is named by
Mr. Matthew.
R. A Hoc., No. 30, 190*.
7T*T
Some Visits to Batam Island.
C. Boden Kloss, F.Z.S.
Pulo Batam though so close to Singapore and frequently
visited by pig-shooters, has never been investigated by a
naturalist, so perhaps the following extracts from journals—
though of trivial happenings as must necessarily be the ease
where the fauna. of small islands is concerned — kept during
two short visits I paid to it to collect animals may bo of
interest.
This island is 9 miles distant from Singapore, about 1 •*»
miles long and 10 miles broad. Hie northern side is indented
and elsewhere it is closely surrounded by other inlands.
There are hills in the interior covered with jungle, when* large
outcrops of quartz occur and the boulders are a quartz grit.
Much of the low land which has at one time been cleared in
swampy or sandy and very poor but where red lateritc soil
occurs pineapples tlouri>h under the cultivation of Chinese
and Bugis settlers. Many young get ah trees, (l)ichojtsin np. )
are found in the forests where roam a tribe of Proto-Malavs
still little affected bv outside influences.
My first visit was paid in September 1905. I left Sing-
apore in a 10-ton cutter-yacht at 11 a.m., got caught in a
squall off Pulo Sambu in the afternoon, ran on to a sand-bank
at low tide later on but poled off, and anchored off a kampong
at the head of Senimba Bay at 5.30 p.m. The upper part of
the bav is verv shoal and at low water wide mud-flats are
exposed all round. I collected some interesting small sponges
of bright colours on them. There were seven houses in the
kampong and others building further along the shore.
After getting the baggage landed next morning we found
a deserted Chinese shop behind the village. This we broke
open and throwing all the rubbish it contained into a side
compartment, I set up my bed, table and chair in the centre
room while the boy fixed up his kitchen and sleeping place
Jwiir. straits Branch, R. A. Soc., No. 50, 1908.
62 SOME VISITS TO BATAM ISLAND.
in a third. There was a hole of good drinking water at hand
and a bathing well a little farther off so we felt verv com-
fortable.
A row of wooded hills ran south-easterlv towards the
centre of the island, a river debouched at the head of the
bay and across the water a couple of miles away were the
slopes of a long peninsula.
As T sat talking to the natives in the doorway of my
house in the afternoon we saw the eves of a large crocodile
above the calm water about 140 vards awav and I was asked to
shoot it but refused since my gun was only sighted to 100
yards. However, l>eing pressed, T took a very full sight and
fired from my chair; there was a furious turmoil and the
reptile disappeared. The natives said it was hit, and indeed
three or four days later we found it in the mangroves with its
brains flicked out — a IB-footer. When afterwards invited to
repeat the performance I was not to be tempted — it was a
case of lolling well alone.
At 3 p.m. I went out with a parang and found a path
going up the hills; cleared it and set 3 dozen traps. Coming
hack found a pair of fc * tupai tanah " (Tupniti frmtf/inra hata-
maim sp. now) just caught and saw several small pigs.
Skinned tupaia and after dinner went along the shore for pig
but saw none.
fc% KJth. Set olF at .">.;to a.m. to examine the traps which
contained a number of rats (Mutt linyensis) and some tupaia,
all much ant-eaten. Found this hill jungle practically lifeless
as the forest was poor being without fruit trees, but got a
species of civet cat (Aretngalulia simplex) which was a valu-
able prize, and a horn-bill — the " burong klinking" (Anthra-
coceroM conir.rus). Skinned till 5.30 and then reset traps.
Lent the gun in the evening to a man who wanted to try for
pigs in his plantation.
u 17th. No pig seen by the natives. Very little in traps
so brought some away and set them lower down amongst
coconuts. Wot a pair of horn-bills and some squirrels
(Sriunis vilt(itns) with the .HO gun amongst the palms; both
th<>se are numerous near the village and horn-bill steak is
Jour. Straits Drancb.
SOME VISITS TO BATAM ISLAND. 63
very good. Some men went to set "jerats" for nnpu and
borrowed the gun in order to try for lotong and krawar
(Iiatufa sp.) and coining down myself from setting traps
without it 1 saw a large bearded pig !
" 18th. Some fresh rats from the coconuts: one appears
to be Mum jarak and the other rather like Mm yrisri center of
Johor. Went to the Bugis plantations inland to the S. W.
of the range. They are on poor Hat land and consist of
pines, bananas and tapioca: the forest beyond, which was
swampy and largely composed of Melaleuca trees, was quite
empty. The napu-t rappers had no luck.
u liHh. A couple of small concolorous rats from the coco-
nuts. Away to another patch of jungle beyond the gardens
but was disappointed as it was merely a small clump with
swamp on the far side. A boy brought some " tikus padi "
caught in his house. In afternoon went along foot of hills
after pig: saw monkeys only but couldn't get near as they
went to ground at once, which makes me think they were
** bcrohs/' 23 skins to date.
"20th. Set off for the distant jungle beyond the hills
and almost immediately got a " klabu v in the mangroves near
the house — a female rrisfaia, weight 11 lbs. Ilacl much
trouble getting through secondary growth and " resam v fern
but finally entered the forest and found a path running along
a deep gully where a Diih/iitorar/nis with violet flowers was
growing amongst the rocks. Saw a few common birds but no
animals, except another lotong which I got. Found a better
way home where two napus were awaiting me, both very large
and bright with clear orange necks. Set traps and waited
again for pig.
"21st. Heavy rain all morning so stopped in and skinned
the napus. Went out later along the ridge of the hills but
got nothing. The view of land and water, north and west
was very line but could see very little jungle in the interior.
" 22nd. Oif to the far jungle where I saw absolutely
nothing but think 1 heard the cry of a Ratufa. The few
traps out had l>ccn interfered with by a pig. 30 animal skins.
B. A. Koe., No. 60, 1906.
«»
64 SOME VISITS TO RATAM ISLAND.
" 23rd. Hi rod a large leaky boat and paddled and sailed
to Pulo Sambu where we found a launch going to Singapore
which gave us a lift : arrived home !■> p.m."
My second visit to Batam was the outcome of a desire
to collect on Bulang Peak. I left Singapore hn March 18th
1906. I had a Malay prau on this occasion which didn't sail
anything like as well as the cutter and we had to do a lot of
rowing, particularly amongst the tide-rips behind Pulo
Sambu. However we got to Pulo Boyan, where the Con-
troleur is stationed, at seven o'clock and anchored in the
strong tide of the Batu Hadji Straits for the night.
I found that the Controleur, who was newly appointed,
could give me no information about Bulang but he courteous-
ly offered me the services of a constable for the trip which I
refused as a useless encumbrance. There was a strong tide
against us and no wind all the morning so we passed the time
in filling our water-jars from a well on Bulang. as there is no
water on the small island, and in the afternoon when the
tide slackened we made sail again, reaching at night-fall the
kampong where I bad hoped to put up. It was in ruins and
bad evidently been deserted for a long time but I was less
disappointed, in that next morning when 1 made a trip to
the Peak I found the way thither to be through swamps while
the hill itself bad been cleared except on the top. and there
was no sign of animal life anywhere. So we sailed back again
looking for a place to stop at, but both sides of the strait had
been long cleared and were no use for collecting and as I was
not provided with any sort of material to form a shelter I
decided to put in at Tel ok Senimba once more — as T was
particularly anxious to shoot the bearded pig — and see if I
could not add to my former list of specimens, though the
locality was not a good one as there was so much cleared land
and swamps while the accessible jungle was on hill sides and
exceedingly poor. There are no doubt more satisfactory
places in the interior but thither one would have to go pre-
pared to camp out.
After leaving the sheltered strait we had a lively time
against a strong bead wind: the prau, with peak dropped.
Jour. Straits Brancfe.
SOME VISITS TO BATAM ISLAND. 65
wouldn't tack in the rough weather and we had to wear every
time but when we got into Senimba Bay it was a nice reach
down to the kampong. It was low tide and there was a pig
on the mud as we arrived so I paddled off towards him with
the gun but lost his track in the mangroves. I had been at
the tiller for eight hours without a spell and was painfully
sun-burnt.
My old dwelling place had been pulled down but another
Chinaman had built another unsuccessful shop so we appro-
priated the empty place as before; and then 1 had a most
glorious bath, hitherto having to l>e content with a dip in the
Bea of nights which was a great discomfort but this occasion
squared it all.
" 22nd. Went along the range at day-break but saw only
"krahs": cut a path down the far side along the bed of a
dry ravine in hopes of finding jungle beyond but there were
only stretches of dense scrub. Spent the afternoon on the
mud collecting stone-corals and sponges, small kinds of every
possible shape and colour. The kamj>ong women catch shell
fish in a rather ingenious manner: they search the exposed
mud for the hole in which the mollusc lives and then push
down a stout piece of the midrib of a rattan palm about
twenty inches long and armed at the end with a pair of
revered thorns, and the bivalve lying open at the bottom of
the hole closes on the thorns when touched and is drawn up.
Got my traps out towards evening and then watched for pig,
with no success.
" 23rd. Found a Mas firmus in the traps; this was not in
the last collection. A blank morning on the hill except for
a specimen of the beautiful rose-breasted pigeon (Ptilopus
jambu). Tried a small island across the mud flats where pig
were reported but saw none: the mud was fearful stuff to
travel through. ...
'* 21th.. . An ajj&olutely blank morning in the- jungle but
two napus were brought in and gave something to do. Full
moon is said by all hands to be the best time for catching
mouse-deer. Lint a gun to a would-be shooter who as usual
swore to whole rafta of pig6 which never 6eem to materialise.
B, A. Soc, Ko. £C, Iff*.
66 SOME VISITS TO BATAM ISLAND.
Found that the new lantern I intended to do night shooting
with had no wick so made some out of a piece of towel and
went for a long walk with it on mv belt after dinner: no
result except that I was nearly choked by the smell of burning
paint.
"25th. A futile morning in the forest : found a collection
of old shelters, Malay pondok type, probably made by the
" orang utau " of Batam. Half a dozen rats, but all badly
damaged by ants. Sat out all the evening in a deserted
garden and just before dark a medium-sized " nang-oi "
trotted up. Fired at 60- 10 yards and found immediately —
not for the first time — i had forgotten to put the rifle lever
over. Pig cleared away into laliang warmed up by slugs:
nothing else put in an appearance except mosquitoes. Mjr
gun-borrowing friend said with truth pigs were to be seen in
the clearings if watched for long enough !
" 26th. Nothing in the traps and only monkeys in the
jungle. Set some large traps for musang and afterwards
watched for pig. Went for a walk with bulls-eye after dinner
but saw nothing.
'' 27th. Only two specimens in the traps: had to shoot
squirrels to make work. The pig-shooter returned his gun;
says he has sat up for three nights without seeing anything.
A large trap caught a tortoise (Cyrtemys platynota) later in
the day. No luck with the pigs again. Found a large centi-
pede in my mosquito net which should evidently have been
taken as a sign that the bed was not safe as in the night a
coconut crashed through the roof and landed on my pillow
(Memo, always to strip coco-palms before dwelling beneath
them).
u 28th. The usual frost in the jungle. A young napu
was brought in and another tortoise got into the traps; evi-
dently these reptiles are attracted of the putrid meat. which
forms the bait. A pig had also been caught but he success-
fully pulled out."
This 6ort of thing went on for several days during which
I got nothing but monkeys, rats, squirrels and tupaia. . Traces
of pigs were everywhere, huge tracks some of .them, . and I
Jour. Struts Branch.
SOME VISITS TO BATAM ISLAND. 67
twice stampeded the animals in dense vegetation but I was
never able to catch sight of them and the spring-guns I set
were never effective. However 1 got a new rat in some beach
forest, a very beautiful specimen of the jerdoni type which
made me feel glad I had come to the island again.
One afternoon 1 went up the river which after some
distance turned completely on itself and ran south. It was
entirely mangrove bordered, though once or twice there were
glimpses of old clearings. A number of small side streams
were probably only drainage of the swamp. We landed on
an isolated hill where were paths and found some old " jerats "
for mouse-deer. The jungle trees were nearly all of a bark-
shedding kind but I saw a quantity of the red stemmed palm
(C yrtostach ys sp.) and collected some orchids — Urammatu-
phyl/ums being plentiful on the mangroves.
As I appeared to have exhausted the district after having
made 41) mammal skins, many of the species reported appar-
ently not occuring there, on April 3rd we loaded the prau
and rowed down the bay to its head where we got a slight
breeze. Outside a strong ebb set us to the eastward but as
we nearcd Singapore Island we met the flood which carried
us into the harbour in time to get everything home before
night.
I obtained thirteen species of mammals during the two
visits and observed two others, while nine more were reported
to exist. Thus Batam is by no means exhausted : for if they
really occur, the determination of the reported Presbytes, M.
HcmcstriHa, Paradox ur us, &< iurvptcrus and liatufa will be
interesting, but to obtain this it would probably be necessary
to camp in the middle of the island where good jungle may
still exist.
Mammals of Batam.
1. Prcsbytcs cristata (Raffles) is fairly common in small
herbs both in forest and mangroves. It is known to
the natives by the name of " Klabu."
2. Presbytcs species. A "Kaka" with a 'white breast was
reported to occur. If this is a fact I am inclined to
& A. Soc, Ko. W, 1908.
68 SOME VISITS TO BATAM ISLAND.
think it will be the P. cana, Miller, of Pulo Kundur
and E. Sumatra rather than P. rhionis, Miller, of
Bintang Island. These are local forms of P. femoralis
which, though found in the Peninsula and Sumatra,
does not occur on the islands of the Bio-Lingga Archi-
pelago.
3. Macaca nemestrina, Linn. The " beroh " was said to
occur but has not yet been taken in the Archipelago.
4. M. fnsciailaris, (Panics). The "krah" is common
everywhere.
5. Cynopterns monfanoi, Itobin. Bats, apparently of this
species, were fairly common and were the only kind I
obtained. Malay nama " klawar."
*
6. GalcopHhccus volants, Linn. Hie " kubong " was said to
occur.
7. Tit paid fvrruginca lata ma no, Lyon. This new sub-
species of the " tupai tanah *' was exceedingly common.
Externally it only differs from T. frmtyhmi, Paifles,
in its slightly greyer tail. It is easily separated how-
ever by its longer and wider skull.
8. Arctogaliilia simplex, Miller. This is the Archipelago
form. A specimen, the third known, was shot early
one morning while it was running along the branch of
a high tret?. As the people called it a u musang "
which they said was common I presume that
ii. Paradoxums henna phrodit us, Pallus, or an allied form
occurs.
10. Mus concolor, Blyth was taken in the Kampongs where
it was not uncommon.
J 1. Mus firmus, Miller, is the Sumatran form of the Penin-
sula M. validus, Miller. I have never taken these
except ou the banks of fresh water streams.
12. Mus lingensis, Miller. The Sumatran form of Mus
surifer, Miller. A dry jungle rat and exceedingly
common. It seems to begin feeding at early twilight
Jour. Straits Branch.
r-
SOME VISITS TO RATAM ISLAND. 69
as traps specimens are always more damaged by ants
than any other kind.
13. Mus sp. near rati us. The rats provisionally grouped
under this heading are most perplexing. They fall
readily into two groups which handle in the flesh as
extremely distinct. The one division, almost black
above with whitish bellies, are finely built animals with
very pointed noses and closely resemble M. jarak,
Bonhote, from Johore. The others with greyish bellies
and backs rather like M. twrvegicus are coarsely built
and muzzled and somewhat approximate to M. grise*
venter, Bonn., of Johore. All these were taken in
swampy ground near the sea as was Mus jarak which
I found only amongst mangroves. Mus griseiventer
however is a Kampong rat.
14. Mus batamanus, Lyon. This new species is of the
jerdoni type. It is a very beautiful shaped rat and
the only specimen I obtained was captured in damp
littoral forest. Swampy ground seems the habitat of
all this group.
15. Mus musculus, Linn. Some specimens of the "tikus
padi v were brought me by a Bugis boy who had cap-
tured them in his house.
16. Sriuropterus, sp. Reported; possibly the amoenus, Mil-
ler of Kundur island.
IT. Petaurista, sp. The %i kuhin " was said to occur.
18. Ratufa, sp. Rejw»rted. A yellow type, probably near
R. insiyni*. Miller, of Pulo Sugi.
19. ticiurus cithilus, I iu files. Exceedingly common in the
coco-nuts where it was verv destructive. Cannot be
distinguished in any way from Sumatran and Penin-
sula forms.
20. Scrums tennih Baffles. Reported as very rare. I only
know of one specimen from the Archipelago, taken on
Lingga Island.
R. A. Soc., No. 50, 1908.
70 SOME VISITS TO BATAM ISLAND.
21. Sus rhionis, Miller. Observed. This is the "babi
bakau " of the natives and is common everywhere. It
is the island form of S. vittatus.
22. Sus oi, Miller. Observed. The " nang-oi " is plentiful
but to a solitary collector pigs are difficult to obtain.
Generally one is only aware of their presence by a rush
through the undergrowth and distant snorts and unless
one is lucky in meeting them in the open they rarely
figure in collections. The " nang-oi " does great
damage to the pineapple plantations and is said to be
far less timid than other pigs: in fact the natives
reported that boars often merely grunted when they
tried to scare them away. They are afraid to shoot
it with their ineffective ammunition as it charges when
wounded. It ranges from Batam to Banka and
throughout the swamp of E. Sumatra.
23. Tragulus lanchil, sp. A " pelandoc " is said to occur.
24. Tragulus javanicus perflavus, Miller. This new species
is a strongly marked form having very bright pelage
and a pure orange neck entirely free from black shad-
ing. 1 have it also from Pulo Galang and it has been
taken since on Bulang. It affords a particularly good
illustration of local variation as T. formosus, Miller of
Bintang Island, only five miles away, is exceedingly
dark with a collar strongly washed with black.
Thus the mammal fauna of Batam is Sumatran and
not Peninsular for the above definitely identified species
Mus con color and Cynopterus montanoi alone are from the
lVninsula only. On the other hand, Mus lingensis, M. firmns
and Sus oi are known from the Sumatra and the Rio-Lingga
Archipelago only. Arctogalidia simplex, Sus rhionis and
Tragulus perflavus are found elsewhere only in the Archi-
pelago while Tupaia ferruginea balamana and Mvs batamanus
are so far known from Batam alone.
I am inclined to think that Batam, Bulang, Rempang
and Galang form a small group which faunistically is more
nearly related to the islands to the westward than to Bintang
Jour. Straits Branch.
SOME VISITS TO BATAM ISLAND. 71
on the east, though Pulo Sauh forms a stepping stone to the
latter which is only five miles away. Bintang, however, when
it is fully investigated will prove to be by far the most
interesting island of the whole archipelago. A bank of less
than 20 fathoms connects all these islands with both Sumatra
and the Peninsula, but the 10 fathom contour lines break them
up into various groups of which that above noted is one of the
largest.
I have no notes of value about birds for they were scarce
and of common species and I soon left off shooting them.
Small collections of reptiles and insects were made but
they contained nothing remarkable.
I preserved a few plants during my visits and two of
them, which were new, have lately been described by Mr. H.
N. Ridley, viz: — Xeckia Klossii and Dldymocarpus battam-
ensis. 1 The latter is interesting since it grows at sea-level
while I l>elieve that the habitat of the Didymocarpi, in this
locality at least, is at some altitude.
A few notes on the inhabitants of Batam are given else-
where in this Journal.
1. J. S. B. K. A. S. No. 49.
E. A. Sot., No. 10, 1*0
«7P73?
\
Some Ethnological Notes.
C. Bodex Kloss, f.r.a.i.
In the Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute
Vol. XXXVII., Mr. F. W. Knocker in the course of some
notes on the aborigines of Sungei Ujong — the Orang Belanas
— relates that they tell in respect of the Sakais, how "the
parents plant a parang in the fore-arm of the young, both
male and female, projecting a few inches beyond the elbow.
The flesh grows round it and it eventually become part of the
fore-limb. In after life this limb weapon is used to clear the
jungle and not for hostile purposes."
I am able to go one better than this. When living in
Johore, it was my practice when travelling in the jungle to
endeavour to ascertain whether there were current any tradi-
tions of the existence of the orang utan (Simia satyrus) in
that part of the peninsula. The native name for this great
ape is " mawas." In the swampy country south of Gunong
Pulai I found that the name was known and the people of the
locality told me tales of its possessor. The information was
interesting but not quite what I then wanted. The Orang
Mawas were a kind of devil-men who lived in the swamps
where their foot-prints might sometimes be seen. Their feet
were turned backwards and, with sharp parangs which grew
from their elbows like spurs, they killed any human beings
thev met and afterwards devoured the bodies.
Nothing discouraged I continued my enquiries elsewhere
and learned that the Jakuns of the Endau Sembrong were
also acquainted with a strange beast that seemed to be of the
kind I was after. This was a huge red hairy man who lived
in the trees and was called tuhu. I felt I was on the right
track at last, but unfortunately the story went on to the effect
that the tuhu spoke Chinese to a Chinaman when it met him
in the jungle, Malay to a Malay, and the Jakun dialect to a
Jakun!
B. A. 8*„ N* M, MM.
74 SOME ETHNOLOGICAL NOTES.
The head-men o£ the Belanas are given as 1, Batin; 2,
Jinang; 3, Jukrah — the usual titles among the southern in*
land tribes. 1 find that a variant of the latter also occurs
among the Proto-Mafays of the Kallang estuary in Singapore,
a fact which Messrs. Skeat and Ridley failed to elect during
their short visit thither (J. S. B. It. A. S. No. 33).
Those enquirers state that the head-men of the Kampong
they visited were 1, Jinang; 2, Batin. I further find in the
neighbourhood one Kampong administered by 1, Batin; B,
Dukrah: and another under 1, Penghulu; 2, Jinang. At
Telok Senimba , Pulo Batam, a dozen miles away, the people
who are a branch of the "Orang Sabimba" referred to by
Logan (Journal of the India Archipelago Vol. I.) have 1,
Penghulu; 2, Batin.
The communities of the Kallang River have evidently
been drawn from various sources and some guidance may be
afforded by these titles as to their derivation.
Amongst these primitive tribes the title of Batin extends
throughout their range from the farthest north of Biliton, and
in the islands appears to be the only one except where they
have come under the influence of the ruling Malays, in which
cases a Malay has often been appointed as Penghulu.
In the Peninsula how r ever there are amongst themselves
officials subordinate to the Batin known as Jinang and Jukrah.
Where (according to Logan and others) a Malay has been
appointed to supervise them he also is called, possibly because
of his functions, Jinang, and it is needless to say that in these
cases the title would occasionally become the superior one.
This might account for the reversed " Table of Precedency "
noted by Messrs. Ridley and Skeat, as Kampong Roko is a
small village hedged in by dominant Malays. The anomaly
of Penghulu and Jinang noticed by myself in another Kam-
pong 1 can only account for by supposing that long ago the
title of Batin dropped out of use.
The word bidoh, boat (also the name of a stream in
Singapore) given as a Non-Malay expression, is in
common use amongst the Malays of the west coast of
Borneo.
Jour. Strait* Branch
SOME ETHNOLOGICAL NOTES. 75
Messrs. Skeat and Bidley suggest that " the Sea-gypsies
of Singapore owe their origin largely from " Sakai " hill-
tribes of the Bio-Lingga Archipelago " and class the Belandas
as " Sakai " also : surely this is a slip and should be Jakun
or Proto-Malayan or some other equivalent of these !
It is regrettable that all those English writers who have
dealt so interestingly with the primitive people should be re-
stricted in experience to the Peninsula for the Jakuns are only
the mainland representatives — and probably least pure— of
that large family that is spread throughout a great part of
Eastern Sumatra and the islands adjacent. Such, for in-
stance, are the Orang Akit of Bengkalis and Rupat Islands,
the Palong of the upper tributaries of the Siak Biver, the
Mantong and many others of the Bio-Lingga Archipelago,
the Orang Ounong of Banka and the Sika of Biliton. The
Kubus and Lubus of the interior of Sumatra also appear to
be members of the same family.
To Journal 41 of the Society Dr. W. L. Abbott con-
tributes a note on " Human Images among the Orang Man-
long."
According to an old inhabitant of a Kampong at Tanjong
Bu, an Oorang Laut by descent — though he would never
admit himself to be other than a pure Orang Malayu — these
images are called " Tukar Ganti " and, in common with the
" Kapal Hantu " and " Bumah Sakit," are constructed, to his
knowledge, by all the inhabitants of the Bhio Archipelago
and of the creeks round Singapore in times of sickness.
When the Tukar Ganti is completed the "penyakit" (sick-
ness) is induced to enter it and it is then taken away to the
jungle or some distant spot and there left. Further, all these
objects — and this was unknown to me and perhaps is so to
others — are used for prophylaxis as well as cure. A current
instance was related.
" r J en days ago the village pawang came to the people,
' I see the evil spirits/ said he, 'the hantus are gathering
thickly to afflict the Kampong. Now if we want to escape
their machinations every house must contribute 40 cents so
that a large vessel may be built into which the hantus will
R. A. Hoc. No. 60, 1906.
76 S'IME ETHNOLOGICAL NOTES.
enter and can then be sent away to sea/ On the day it is
sent off the pawang's house will he under a pantang (tabu)
to Europeans and all strangers."
My acquaintance also said that once these objects pass
from the charge of their makers their superstitious attributes
end and no one who takes possession of them is affected in any
way. He observed that Europeans called his people idiots for
practising such ceremonies. " But," 1 asked, " what docs the
Imam say ? " " Oh he laughs at us or is angry and says
that we are idiots too, for such hantus don't exist and such
practices are not compatible with Islamism. But our pawang
tells us otiierwise and as it is a thing we have always done we
shall continue to do so."
Mention has been made of the Orang Senimba (Sa-
biinba). They are the people of whom Logan (Jour. Ind.
Arch. Vol. 1. p. 295) records that a portion were trans-
ferred from Batam Island to Johore and settled on the
Tebrau River. In Johore all trace of them as a distinct
tribe has now disappeared and the names seems forgotten
also. Such also I found to be the case with the Biduanda
Kallang settled once on the Pulai River. Nevertheless, all
the creeks of the Old Straits and of the Johore River estuary
are occupied by people who, although now Islamised, are still
primitive in habits and appearance and quite distinct from the
dominant Orang Malavu by whom thev have been absorbed.
These are the people once known as Orang Seletar (J. I.
A. Vol. I.) and they, with all the above, belong to the Sea-
Jakun, or Orang Laut, branch of the Proto-Malays. Except
for a small party on the Sungei Masai, merely brought down
by a Chinaman to cut fire-wood, I could ascertain no traces of
the inland division south of a line drawn between the Batu
Pahat and Sedili Rivers. In this latitude they are to be
found on the Lenggiu and Sayong streams, the head waters
of the Johore. In this- connection the cropping up of the
parong legend given above is interesting as it shows that the
state of affairs was other in the past.
The remaining Orang Senimba live on the shores of
Senimba Bay, behind Pulo Sambu — though Logan speaks of
Jour. Straits Branch.
SOME ETHNOLOGICAL NOTES. 77
them as essentially a forest people — and do a little fishing,
cultivating and fire-wood cutting. They are now Moham-
medans which is to say that they have lost all ethnographical
individuality.
But in the interior of Batam still exist an almost un-
spoilt people who, although the island is so small and they
are nomadic, never come down to the sea. These are evident-
ly Logan's "Orang Muka Kuning" (for his other tribe the
Treng-Bubong " appear to have shared the fate of the Sa-
bimba) although the name seems unknown to the shore
people. I have not seen them personally, for living in tem-
porary shelters and wandering about, they are not easily met
with during a short visit but it was stated that they are less
than a hundred in number. They trade a little jungle pro-
duce occasionally and wear bark chawats when they possess
no cotton garments.
The most interesting fact in connection with them is
that they still use the sumpitan and ipoh poison. They do
not themselves manufacture the weapon but use one of a
Borneo pattern obtained by trading. My informants assured
me that though the poisoned darts were effective against wild
animals yet they would never kill a fowl.
A similar tribe occupies the interior of Pulo Galang
where a Belgian Planting Company has recently had some
communication with them.
As these are probably the only island tribes who have
maintained practically uncorrupted their paganism and their
isolation, speedy investigation is most desirable.
R. A >cc, Ko.iO, 19C8.
The White-Handed Gibbon.
So far as I am aware the white-handed gibbon (Hylobates
lar) has been regarded as an animal restricted in range to the
mainland of Asia, inhabiting there the Tenasserim Province
and the Malay Peninsula only. I therefore wish to place on
record its occurrence in the swampy regions of East Sumatra,
where it has been met with in large numbers by Dr. W. L.
Abbott and myself, particularly in the Siak and Indragiri
districts.
It occurs there, as elsewhere, in the biscuit-coloured, in
brown and in sooty pelage, and as far as my observations are
worth anything it is impossible to consider these varieties as
colour races in any way. I have several times noted, though
this does not seem to be general, dark females with pale
infants and vice versa and have also shot pie-bald adults with
the colours so distributed that it would be impossible to say
whether they are dark-furred individuals becoming pale or
pale becoming dark. As however the pale form is com-
paratively scarce it is to be inferred that the latter metamor-
phosis is what is happening and that the light specimens are
born so.
The statement that gibbons are monogamous is one that
I thoroughly agree with: whether however they divorce each
other and take new partners from time to time we have yet
to learn. The point is interesting since such an able reasoner
as Westermarck (The Origin of Human Marriage) has come
to the conclusion that the marriages of mankind are an in-
heritance from some ape-like progenitor.
I do not ever remember meeting Malayan gibbons in
parties of more than five at a time, but the most usual
numbers are four or less. A small district mav often contain
a large number of apes but the little groups seem to live quite
independently of each other and do not combine. These
parties consist of two parents and their off-spring of different
R. A Soc., No. 50, 1908.
80 THE WHITE-HANDED GIBBON.
births, but as a rule it seems that about the time the third
infant appears the eldest is sufficiently adult to take a partner
with whom it starts life on its own account.
It is thus rather interesting to note that while the lower
monkeys of nearly all species go about in bands — Presbytes
obscurus is inclined to pair, however — in the case of the man-
like apes (with the exception of the chimpanzee, perhaps the
most intelligent of them all; the siamang and the Indian
hoolock) the social unit is the family. This is, by many
authorities, held to have been the state of primitive man
before he became intellectual enough to recognise the advan-
tages derived from union.
While their inactive habits compelled the gorilla and
orang and possibly primitive man to be practically solitary
as otherwise they Mould have exhausted their food supplies,
this is not the case with the gibbon the most agile of all the
apes. I hope to contribute to a forth-coming journal some
notes on the relationship between the gibbon's structure and
its habits.
C. B. K.
Jour. Straiti Brftfiefet
Curriculum of a Course in Malay in Paris.
Hotel du Mont Blanc Les Rasses s/ Ste. Croix
Switzerland, 3/2/08.
The Honorary Secretary,
Straits Branch, Eoyal Asiatic Society,
Singapore, Straits Settlements.
Dear Sir,
I am permitted by the Professor of Malay at the Paris
School of Oriental Languages to communicate to you the
enclosed programme of the curriculum of his department,
which I venture to think may be of interest to some of the
members of the Society. Should it be desired to print this
programme in the Journal for the information of members, I
am authorised to add that Professor Cabaton has (at my
suggestion) given his consent thereto.
It is rather remarkable that France, which has very few
Malay-speaking subjects, should possess a Professorship of
Malay (once filled, it may be remembered, by the Abb6 Favre,
whose name is still held in honour in the East), whereas
England has made no move in this direction. The fact seems
hardly creditable to ourselves.
I am,
Yours very truly,
C. Otto Blagden.
Ecole des Lanoues Oriextales Cours de Malais 1907-8.
Premiere annee. Programme du cours: Elements de malais
classique (Principes de grammaire: a) Phonetique ou
Etude des sons; b) Ecriture: alphabet arabico-malais
et ses transcriptions en caracteres latins; c) Ety-
mologie on Formation des mots; d) Morphologic on
Etude des formes grammat icales ; e) Syntaxe). Ex-
ercices practiques.
ft. A. 8oe. t No. *o, 1901.
82 A COURSE IN MALAY IN PARIS.
Examen ecrit : Version et theme malais.
Examen oral: Explication de textes prepares k V
avance; a) Interrogations sur la grammaire; b) sur
F liistoire, la geographic et lcs moeurs dcs Malais
peninsulaires.
Textes k preparer: Maleisch Leesboek voor Eerstbegin-
nenden (Livre de lecture, en malais, pour les debu-
tants), fasc. I, p. 1-20; f. II, p. 5-25,
Ouvrages a consulter: Keelus (Elisee), G6ographie uni-
verselle , t. VIII, p. 715 sqq. Swettenham (Frank),
British Malaya, London, 1906. Dennys (N. B.),
Dictionary of British Malaya. Montano (Dr.), Voy-
age aux Philippines et en Malaisie.
Deuxieme anncc. Programme du coins: Le malais, langue
d' echange de F Extr.-Orient. a) Grammaire et syn-
taxe (Revision) ; b) Explication de textes tir6s du
Blocmlezing de G. K. Niemann; c) Exercises pra-
tiques: Dictees au tableau, themes oraux, exercices de
conversation; d) Traduction de lettres et de docu-
ments.
Examen ecrit : Version et theme malais.
Examen oral: Interrogations sur la grammaire, la
geographie, F liistoire et la religion des Malais.
Textes a preparer : Bloemlezing uit Malaische Geschrif-
ten, door G. K. Niemann. Pt. stuk (La Haye, M.
Nijhotf) [Onthologie d' auteurs malais].
Ouvrages a consulter: Eeclus (E.), Geogr. univ., t. XIV,
Insulinde, p. 193-411. Wilkinson (R. J.), Malay
beliefs.., London, Luzac, 1906. Skeat (W. W.),
Malay Magic, L. 1900. Hondas (O.), L' Islam.
Chantepic dc la Saussaye, Manuel d' liistoire des Reli-
gions: U Islam, p. 253-312; Les Hindous, p. 313-432.
Chailley-Bert (J.), Java et ses habitants, P., Colin,
1899, in-18. Leclercq (J.), Un sejour dans F ile de
Java, P. Plon, 1898, in-18.
Jour. Straiti Bramefa.
A COURE IxN MALAY IN PARIS. 83
Troisiemc annee (Diplome). Programme du cours. Etude
du malais dassique et usuel; a) Place du malais
parmi les langues malayo-polynesiennes. Affinites du
malais et de phisicurs dialectes de 1' Indo-Chine
Francaise; b) Dechiffrenient et explication de manus-
crits et documents relatifs a la geographie, a V histoire
et aux mceurs des pays malais et de V Indo-Chine; c)
Particularity du malais parle au Cambodge. Notions
sur les dialectes malayo-polynesiens de Y Indo-Chine
(Cam, jarai, radeh, etc.) ; d) Exercices practique.
Examen ecrit : Version, dictee et theme malais.
Examen oral : lecture et explication d' un texte manus-
crit. Interogations sur la grammaire malaise, la
geographic V histoire et les mceurs des Malais de la
Peninsulect de P Insulindc.
Ouvrages a consulter: Backer (L. de), U Archipel In-
dien. Dulaurier (E.), Des langues et de la litterature
de 1' Archipel <P Asic, (in Revue des Deux-Mondes, 15
juill. 1841). Et tous les ouvrages indigues ci-dessus.
Grammaires malaises de Tugault et de Favre (en fran-
cais) ; de Dennys et Maxwell (en anglais) ; de Gerth van Wijk
et Tcndeloo, (en hollandais). — Diction naires de Favre, de
Tugault, de Klinkert, de Pijnappel, de von de Wall et van der
Tunk (ees o dcrnicrs en hollandais).
E. A. 8oc„ No. 50, 1006.
Father Civet.
By R. 0. WlNSTEDT.
This tale is not to be confused with that rollicking farce
Musang Birjanggut, " The Bearded Civet-Cat ;" it is merely
a beast fable of the Aesop type. The tale and language is so
simple that a literal translation would be tiresome. The
following is the gist of it. Some villagers moved from their
kampong up to a hill rice-clearing and left behind them a hen
and two chicken which they could not catch. One day hen
and chicken were looking for food in the scrub, when the
chicken wandered away from the hen and met a huge civet-
cat. Said the civet-cat, " How would you like me for a step-
father, you fatherless little chicks? Tell me where your
mother roosts to-night and I will come and woo her." " We
all sleep at the end of the threshold to-night," chirped the
chicken. " All right I'll come and meet your mother," said
civet-cat. So the chicken went back to the hen and the elder
chicken chirped all about their meeting with civet-cat and
how civet-cat was coming to visit them at ' the end of the
threshold ' that very night. " Oh you very naughty tell-tale
chicken" clacked the hen and removed with them to a cross-
beam under the roof. And civet prowled in vain that night
all round the threshold. The next morning civet-cat met the
chicken again and scolded them for their deceit. " All
mother's fault " chirped the chicken, " she was angry with us
for telling you her roosting-} >lace and moved to the roof
beam." " Oh," said civet-cat, " well, where does your mother
roost to-night : T am longing to meet her." " On the cross-
}>eam under the roof ?% chirped the chicken. When they re-
turned to their mother, she asked where they had been and
they told the whole story. Then the hen was very angry and
beat them lor telling civet-cat of the roost ing-place and remov-
ed and slept on the ridge-pole. In vain civet-cat searched that
J. Mir. strata Branch, R. A. So**.. No .so, 1908.
86 FATHER CIVET.
night also. Next morning the bigger chicken said to the tiny
chick, " Come, let us go and tell civet-cat all about it or he'll
be angry with us just because of mother's whims." So they
set off and found civet-cat furious but appeased him by pro-
testing their innocence and telling him of their new roosting-
place on the roof -tree; and they vowed not to tell their whim-
sical mother that they had met him or had told him of her
roosting-place. Then that night civet-cat crept up on the
roof -tree and devoured the poor hen and her "silly chicken.
Cherita Pa Musang-.
Sa-burmula, niaka konnn ada-lali orang peladang tiga
heranak berpindah dari kampong-nya diam di-ladang, habis-
lah di-bnwa-nya dengan ayam itck-nya semua sa-kali; ter-
tinggal-luh tiga ekur ayain-nya wi-ekur ibu-nya dua ekur
anak-nya baharii sa-besai' tekukur liGtina tiada-Jali dapat di-
tangkap oldi peladang itu karna terlaln a mat liur-nya. Maka
ayani yang tiga beranak itu pun tinggal-lah di-rumah yang
kampong itu. Maka ada pun ka-pada suatu liari ia menchari
makim ka-dalam semak-semak di-darat runiah tuan-nya itu
bcrcherai-cherai jauli scdikit anak ayam yang dua ekur itu
dengan emak-nya. Maka ayam itu pun bcrjumpa dengan
sa-ckur musaiifi iltIhIu bC'sar-nya. Demi di-lihat anak ayam
itu, maka ia kedtia beradek terlaln ketakutan-nya hendak lari.
Sa-telah di-lihat ololi musang akan anak ayam dua ekur itu
terlalu suka-chita hati-nya sambil tersenyum menegur anak
ayam itu dengan perkataan yang halus manis dan kelakuan-
nya yang lemah lembut kata-nya, "Hai anak ayam jangan-
lab iakut akan aku ini, karna akn sudali bertobat bSrbuat
aniaya ka-pada liamba Allah taala." Maka kata pula ayam
yang kedua, " Apa pula sahaya takutkan, karna sahaya k&dua
ini tiada berbapa ; eniiik sahaya ada bujang." Maka sahut
musang itu, "Jikalau bagitu, ada-kah emak anak ayam
lagi?" Kata anak ayam, "Ada emak sahaya." Maka kata
Jour. Straits Branch.
FATHER CIVET. 87
musang, " Jikalau bagitu, mau-kah anak ayam berbapa tiri
akari aku, karna aku pun bujang juga tiada berbini : khabar-
kan ka-pada emak anak ayam katakan aku h£ndak mSminang
dia. Di-mana emak anak ayam tidur pada malam ini?"
Maka kata anak ayam, " Sahaya dengan emak sahaya tidur
di-ujong bendul rumah itu." Maka kata musang, " Baik-lah
aku datang malam sekarang liendak berjumpa dengan emak
kamu liendak mC?mutuskan perjanjian kahwin itu; biar-lah
aku chakap sa-mulut." Maka kata anak ayam itu " Mari-
lah sekarang 'pa musang berjumpa dengan emak." Maka
kata musang, " Baik-lah anak, 'pa musang datang sekarang."
Sa-telah sudah berkata-kata itu, maka anak ayam itu pun
balek-lah mendapatkan emak-nya. Hari pun petang-lah.
Maka ibu ayam pun pulang-lah bertiga beranak lalu terbang
liendak tidur di-ujong bendul rumah itu. Maka kata anak
ayam yang tua itu, 4i 'Mak 'niak, aku tadi berjumpa dengan
? pa musang; kata-nya liendak meminang emak dan bSrtanya-
kan tempat emak tidur, ia liendak datang sekarang." Kata
aku ' di-ujong bendul.' " Sa-telah di-dengar oleh ibu ayam
itu, ia pun marah-lah akan anak-nya, kata-nya, " Kamu ini
terlalu amat pundai bijak sangat." Maka ibu ayam pun
beraleh-lah pula tidur ka-atas alang rumah itu. Hata sa-
ketika lagi hari pun malam-lah. Maka musang itu pun
datang-lah menchari ibu ayam itu di-ujong bendul rumah itu
tiada-lah di-juinpa-nya. Maka musang pun sangat-lah marah
akan anak ayam itu oleh sehab menipu dia; berfikir di-dalam
hati-nya ' Baik-lah engkau aku perdayakan juga baharu puas
hati-ku.' Sa-ketika hari pun siang, masok-lah musang ka-
dalam hutan yang herhampiran di-belakang rumah itu juga
bersenibunyikan diri-nya liendak menantikan ibu ayam de-
ngan anak-nya menchari makan.
Hata, hari pun therah. Ibu ayam dengan anak-nya pun
terbang-lah turun ka-tanah menohari makan kais ka-sana kais
ka-mari dapat-lah seinut-semut itu di-berikan-nya ka-pada
anak-nya dua ekur itu ; anak-nya pun makan-lah, ibu-nya
nienthari pula ka-tempat yang lain. Maka takdir Allah
subhana wa-taala terbang-lah dua ekur belalang kerennyat
hampir dengan anak ayam itu. Maka di-kejar oleh anak
B. A. Soc„ No. 50, 1908.
88 FATHER CIVET.
ayam. Maka belalang itu pun hinggap-lah dSkat musang itu,
Maka anak ayam itu pun sampai-lah. TSlah di-lihat oleh
musang akan anak ayam kedua beradek datang dekat dia,
maka musang berkata dengan marah-nya, " Hai anak ayam,
apa bahasa kamu menipu aku ? Sa-malam aku datang hen-
dak ljerjumpa dengan emak kamu; jenoh aku chari tiap-tiap
ujong bendul, tiada aku jumpa." Maka sahut anak ayam
itu dengan ketakutan-nya, " Ayobai 'pa muBang ; jangan-lah
sahaya di-marah; sudah sahaya khabarkan ka-pada £mak
sahava : emak sahava pun marab akan sahava berkhabarkan
tempat tidur ka-pada ? pa musang langsong emak sahaya mSm-
bawa sahaya kedua beradek ini beraleh tidur ki-atas alang
rumab itu." Sa-telah di-dengar oleli 'pa musang itu padam-
lali marah-nva akan anak ayam itu serta bSrkata pula dengan
lemah lembut-nya, " Ayohai anak ayam malam sekarang di-
mana emak kamu tidur khabarkan ka-pada aku benar-benar
karna 'pa musang sangat-lah rindu dendam hendak Wrjumpa
dengan emak kamu itu. v Sa-telah di-dengar oleh anak ayam
kedua beradek itu akan perkataan musang itu, sangat-lah
kesukaan hati-nya kata-nya, ' k Benar-benar ? pa musang malam
sekarang emak saliaya tidur di-atas alang rumah itu juga."
Maka kata musang " Baik-lah, aku datang malam sekarang."
Sa-telah sudah berkata-kata, anak ayam itu pun lalu-lah
tangkap belalang dapat-lah ia sa-ekur sa-orang lain di-bawa-
nva ka-pada emak-nva. Maka di-tanva oleh ibu avam itu
ka-pada anak-nva, u Ka-mana pergi hilang lama sangat tadi."
Maka lalu-lali di-eheritakan oleh anak-nva dari-pada awal sa-
liingga ka-akhir-nya seperti perkataan musang itu. Maka
sangat-lah ma rah ihu ayam akan anak-nya lalu di-pukul-nya
kedua-nya anak-nya itu. Maka anak-nya pun minta ampun-
lah mengatakan tiada berkhabar lagi. Sa-ketika hari pun
malam-lah ; itu ayam pun membawa anak-nya terbang pula
tidur ka-atas tulang billing rumah itu. Hata sa-telah jauh
malam sedikit, musang itu pun datang-lah memanjat ka-atas
alang rumah itu rata di-ehari-nya tiada her jumpa juga sam-
pai-lah siang di-ehari-nya tiada jumpa, bau-bau ayam itu
sa-imbas-imbas terehium juga oleh musang itu, makin sangat
marab hati-nya. Telah hari siang, musang itu pun pulang-
Jour. Straite Branch.
FATHER CIVET. 89
lah ka-dalam hutan di-darat rumah itu. Maka d£ngan lapar
dahaga-nya tiada-lah terhingga lagi marah-nya akan anak
ayam itu dua kali sudah ia kena tipu.
Sa-telah liari siang ihu ayam pun menchari makan juga
sejnjrti kelaziman sa-hari-hari itu. Maka anak ayam yang
tua itu pun bermuafakat dengan adck-nya, kata-nya, " Adek,
biar-lah kita cliari 'pa musang berkhabarkan ka-pada-nya
jangan kita di-marah-nya ; akan kelakuan emak kita, kita
pula di-marah 'pa musang itu." Maka kata adck-nya, " Mari-
lah, kita berjumpa 'pa musang." Maka pergi-lah anak ayam
itu kedua bSradek-nya ka-tempat musang makan. Demi di-
liliat oleh musang anak ayam itu datang, maka ia pun marah
hendak mSnangkap anak ayam itu hendak di-makan-nya.
Kata anak ayam, " Hai 'pa musang jangan-lah sahaya di-
marah, bukan-nya salah sahaya ; emak sahaya sa-olah-olah-nya
tiada mau berlakikan 'pa musang, makin ia beraleh tempat
tidur sa-malam ka-atas Imbong pula." Maka kata musang,
'' Kamu berkhabarkan ka-pada dia pula, aku hendak da-
tang? " Maka kata anak ayam, " Macham mana pula sahaya
tiada Infrkhahar biar emak Mrsiap akan tempat tidur 'pa
musang." Maka kata musang, " Sekarang usah-lah khabar-
kan lagi ka-pada emak kamu aku hendak datang, diam-diam
sahaja : jikalau di-tanya emak kamu pun, usah-lah di-chakap-
kan malam sekarang." Maka kata anak ayam itu, " Emak
sahaya tidur di-tulang bubong juga; datang-lah 'pa musang
sekarang tiada saliaya bSrkhabar lagi ka-pada £mak sahaya
itu." Maka kata musang, " Baik-lah anak, boleh-lah 'pa
musang datang, jangan-lah khabarkan ka-pada emak kamu
lagi." Maka kata anak ayam itu, " Baik-lah 'pa musang."
Maka sa-telah sudah l>erkata-kata itu, maka anak ayam kedua
bSradek pun pulang-lah mendapatkan emak-nya. Maka di-
tanva emak-nya akan anak-nya tiada di-khabarkan-nya di-
daleh-nya menchari makan juga. Maka emak-nya pun diam-
lah.
Hata sa-ketika lagi, liari pun petang-lah. Maka ibu
ayam pun membawa anak-nya ketlua-nya itu terbang tidur
di-atas tulang bubong juga. Telah had pun jauh malam,
maka musang itu pun datang merayap-rayap pdrlahan-per-
S. A. Sot., No. M, 190
90 FATHER CIVET.
lahan memanjat atap rumah itu. Maka sampai-lah musang
ka-atas tulang buhong, maka di-lihat-nya ibu ayam itu tidur
ketiga beranak. Maka tengah musang itu hSndak menangkap
ibu ayam itu, maka terjaga-lah ibu ayam itu menengarkan
atap itu serok-serak bunyi-nya bekas kaki musang berjalan.
Maka di-lihat olcli ibu ayam sa-okur musang jantan datang
hendak menangkap dia. Maka ibu ayam kStiga beranak pun
tSrbang-lah kelalak tiada tentu hala di-dalam gelap gulita.
Maka musang itu pun terjun-lah dari tulang bubong meng-
ikut tSrbang ayam itu. Maka ayam itu pun jatoh ka-tanah
ketiga beranak-nya. Maka musang itu pun datang-lah me-
nangkap ibu ayam*serta anak-nya yang kedua ekur itu di-
mamah-nya kepala-nya. Maka ketiga-nya pun mati-lah di-
makan oleh musang itu di-bawa-nya ka-tempat ia di-belakang
rumah itu dengan kesukaan-nya. Sa-telah berbiasa penat
lelah-nya sa-lama ini tadi, bSroleh rezki yang telah di-chari-
chari itu, di-peroleh-nya juga. Ada-nya.
(Di-karangkan oleh Penghulu Raja Uaji Yahya bin Raja
Muhammad AH, di-mnkim Chendriang di-dalam ntglri
Perak.)
Jour. Strait* Branch.
Sindbad's Old Man of The Sea.
By W. Georoe Maxwell.
It was in the fifth voyage of Sindbad the Sailor, after
the shipwreck caused by the bereaved and vengeful roc, that
he found himself upon an island where he met " an old man,
" a comely person, who was clad from the waist downwards
" with a covering made of the leaves of trees." The old man
was sitting by the side of the stream sighing; and in answer
to Sindbad's questions made signs, by dumb show, that he
wished to be carried across the stream to some fruit trees on
the further side. Sindbad, in pity, took him up on his
shoulders, whereupon the old man twisted his legs "which
were like the hide of a buffaloe in blackness and roughness "
round Sindbad's neck. " I was frightened at him," " Sind-
" bad's narrative continues " and desired to throw him down
"from my shoulders; but he pressed upon my neck with his
" feet, and squeezed my throat, so that the world became black
" before my face, and I was unconscious of my existence, fall-
ing upon the ground in a fit like one dead. He then raised
his legs, and beat me upon my back and my shoulders and
" I suffered violent pain ; wherefore I rose with him. He still
" kept his seat upon my shoulders, and I had become fatigued
" with tearing him ; and he made a sign to me that I should
"go in among the trees, to the best of the fruits. When I
"disobeyed him, he inflicted upon me, with his feet, blows
" more violent than those of whips ; and he ceased not to direct
" me with his hands to every place to which he desired to go,
" and to that place I went with him. If I loitered, or went
" leisurely, he beat me; and I was as a captive to him. We
" went into the midst of the island, among the trees, and he
" descended not from my shoulders by night nor by day ; when
" he desired to sleep, he would wind his legs round my neck,
" and sleep a little, and then he would arise and beat me,
R. A. Soc., No. 50, 1908.
ii
ii
92 OLD MAN OF THE SEA.
" whereupon I would arise with him quickly, unable to disobey
" him, hy reason of the severity of that which I suffered from
'■him."* It will be remembered that eventually, after many
days of heatings and ill treatment, Sindbad got rid of the old
man hy making him intoxicated with fermented grape juice,
' and then beating out his brain* with a stone.
After his escape Sindbad wandered for some days upon
the island until Ik 1 met some merchants who, when they had
heard his story, told him who it was that he encountered.
" This man " they told him " who rode upon thy shoulders is
culled the Old Man of the Sea, and no one ever was beneath
his limbs and escaped from him excepting thee."
The whole of Sindbad's personal narrative points to his
adventure having been with an orang utan (simia satyrus) :
the difficulty, the only difficulty, but the whole difficulty, is
the name aseril>ed to his persecutor by the people whom he
met after his escape. Hole, in his commentary, suggested
that the " (lid Man " was an orang utan, hut the qualifying
words ''of the Sea " so baffled him that he was prepared to
consider them a mistake. "I would willingly suppose" he
wrote, " the phrase ' of the sea ' In l>e an addition of the trans-
" lator, not countenanced by the original: or that it was
'■'applied to Es-Sindbad's persecutor merely on account of his
" insular abode, or usual appearance hy the sea side. If
"either of these conjectures he allowed we may pronounce
"him, without any hesitation to be an ornng oulait." Hole
then goes on to give bis reasons for his opinion.
Jjine agreed with Hole thai the "Old Man"' was an
orang ulan, and supported the theory that the words "of the
sea " merely denoted the insular abode.
Burton scoffed at the idea : " the inevitable orang-utan "
was his jeering comment. But his own suggestion does not
seem worthy of much support. The story is, he says "a
" jocose exaggeration of a custom prevailing in parts of Asia
" and especially in the African interior where the tsetse fly
"prevents the breeding of burden-beasts In
* Lane's translation.
OLD MAN OF THE SEA. 93
" Central Africa the kinglet rides on a slave, and on cere-
" monious occasion mounts his Prime Minister." The weak-
ness of the connection of ideas is however apparent. The
custom of one man being carried by another does not convey
the impression of the unnatural, clinging, unshakeable,
creature with which Sindbad was saddled. For an ex-
planation of the expression " of the Sea " Burton had
recourse to the classics. '* The classicists," he wrote " of
course, find the Shaykh of the Sea in the Tritons and
Xereus, and Bochart (Hiero ii 858, 880) notices the home
aquaticus, Soncx Judaeus and Senex Marinus."
But he has made no attempt to show any connection of
ideas between the Man-riding Man and the Water-Man. The
live arguments which Hole adduces in favour of the orang
utan theory mav be briefly enumerated as follows: —
1. The old man never speaks, but expresses his wishes
by signs.
2. lie apparently lives solely on fruit.
3. Though his face is like that of a human being, the
hide of his legs is like that of an animal.
4. The " pressing," the " squeezing " the " winding " of
Any one who has kept a pet orang utan, wah-
wah (llylobates lar) or siamang (II. syndactylus) as a pet
knows the almost wild despair with which it clings to its
master, as if it would suffer itself to be torn to pieces rather
than be removed.]
5. The well known partiality of apes and monkeys to
intoxicants, and the extreme quickness with which they be-
come intoxicated.
A sixth point, which was probably unknown to Hole, but
to which considerable weight may be attached is that stories
similar to Sindbad's story arc told to his day of the orang
utan by the Dyaks. Hugh Clifford's 4< Story of Gulling, the
l>yak" is very like the adventure of Sindbad. dialing, it
will be remembered, was carried off by a female orang utan to
its platform on a forest tree, and for many days was unable to
effect his escape.
ft. A. Soe. No. 60, 1908.
the legs. —
94 OLD MAN OF THE SEA.
The principal objection to the orang utan theory is that
Siinia satyrus is red, and not black. But in explanation of
this I would suggest that there has been some confusion be-
tween Siinia satyrus, which is red, and hylobatcs lar whicli
is black. *At the risk being considered fanciful, I am even
prepared to suggest that the white beard, with which some
some old versions of the Arabian Story and the modern illus-
trator to Lane's translation have adorned the " Old Man "
are an cinbelishment of the white ruff of Hylobatcs lar. A
minor objection is the fact that grapes do not grow in the
countries where the orang utan is found. Toddy, however,
and other similar intoxicants are well known; and it is not
improbable that the words " grape juice " were inserted by
some copyist.
Let us take it that Sindbad's persecutor was an orang
utan. How do we get from orang utan to u Man of the
Sea"? Simply, I think; through the Malay. " Man of the
Sea " (orang laut) is a mistake for " Man of the Forest "
(orang utan).
It is well known that orang utan has two meanings:
it is the name for the ape, and is also the generic name for the
aborigines. They are known as orang utan; orang bukit,
(men of the hills) ; or, in the case of the tribes driven inland,
orang dalam (men of the interior), or orang darat (men of
the land) ; whilst in contradistinction to the latter, the trilnss
driven to the coast are known as orang laut (men of the sea).
Thus the Sakci arc divided into Sakei laut and Sakei
darat, in the same way that Dyaks are divided into Sea-Dyaks
and Land-Dyaks.
* In the account of Sindbad's adventure in his third voyage, in
the Island of Apes, Lane's translation describes the apes as being
"covered with hair like black felt/' while in the Calcutta edition and
Lang) to' edition they are described as "red downy creatures." I
suggest that the manner who described the animals as red was think-
ing of the orang utan, and that the other who described tfoini as
black was thinking of the wah-wah. A similar confusion seems to
have been made in the case of the " Old Man."
Jour. Straits Branch,
OLD MAN OF THE SEA. 95
It is easily therefore to make a mistake between a " man
of the sea" and a "man of the forest," for both are of the same
stock; and it is equally easy to make a mistake between the
aboriginal and the ape, for both are known by the same name.
And this is the mistake that I think has been made. The
position may be briefly put thus : — what the merchant said to
Sindbad was " you've met an orang utan : " what Sindbad has
recorded is " you've met orang laut."
If this is conceded, it would appear that Borneo is the
island of the adventure with the " Old Man," (Lane suggested
Sumatra, where the orang utan is also found) and that Sind-
bad's tale and Hugh Clifford's tale are but slightly different
versions of the story (founded perhaps on fact) which is told
by the Dyaks regarding the gigantic ape that, to this day,
is the most typical inhabitant of their forests.
Postscript. 1 have, since this note was set up in
tyi>e, come across a mistake which is exactly similar but even
more extraordinary. On page 175 of Volume II. of " Asiatick
Researches " will be found a curious confusion between the
Thibetan Yak and the manatel or dugong. Two more dis-
similar animals could hardly be imagined; but one is the
" Mountain-Cow " and the other is the " Sea-Cow ; " and
" Mountain-Cow " and " Sea-Cow " have been confused in
exactly the same way that "Forest-Man" and "Sea-Man"
have (I suggest) been confused.
W. G. M.
B. A. Soc., No. 60, 1108.
Spada*
One of the first words that a visitor to Java or Sumatra
hears is " spada." It is, in the hotels of the Dutch Colonies,
the common call for a servant ; a person shouts " spada " in
the same wav that in this Colonv he shouts " boy " and in
the same curious way the servant, wherever he may Ik?, shouts
hack " tuan/' The word is not a native one, and is not used
by the natives.
The derivation usually given of the word is a corruption
of two Malay words " siapa ada " (is anyone there?).
I do not know however whether any one has suggested
that the word dates from, and is a survival of, the days of
British rule in the island now under the Dutch flag. Such
however is probably the case. The use in the Bengal Presi-
dency of the call " koi hai " (is anyone there?) is so well
known that a civil servant of that Presidency is generally
known as '• Qui-hai."* I suggest that " siapa ada '* is merely
the translation of " koi hai " and that it was introduced bv the
servants of the Honourable East India Company who had
served in Calcutta before they came further east. " Siapa
ada " certainly is not idiomatic Malay, and would not or-
dinarily be used by Malays in the sense in which, in this case
4fc spada " is.
Probably it is this very fact, quite as much as the open
vowel sounds of the syllables, that have led to its present cor-
rupted and corrected form.
If my suggestion is correct, two curious facts are worthy
of note: lirst. that in India it is the caller and in the Nether-
lands Indies it is the person called that is known (in each cum. 1
* It has even passed into the French language.
In the " Correspondance avec sa famille" of Victor Jacqnemont
there is the following passage Vol : II. page 308 :)
" J'ai vu dans vos gazettes de Calcutta let clamours de quoihact
(sobiquet des Europeens Bengalis de ce cote) sur la chaleur."
Jour. Stnits Branch, R. A. Soc., tfo. 50, 1906.
^
98
SPADA.
by the alien nation) by the words of the call ; and second, that
the call survives only in a country that has ceased to be under
British rule, and uoos not survive (if indeed it ever waa
known) in the Colony of the Straits Settlements.
W. Q. M.
Jaw. Strain Branch.
Two New Species of Cicindela (Tiger beetles)
from Borneo.
By Dr. Walter Horn*. f
Cicindela HewUtii, new species.
Cicindela phalangioide, Sehw. Geb. affinis differt sta-
tura majore latioreque, tota fere labri latitudine punetis
setigeris occupatis (parte marginali solummodo impunc-
tata) elipei angulo laterali, l'ronte supra antennarum
insertionem et discoidalitcr intra anticos oeulorum mar-
gines (his sparsissimc) pilosis, inter oeulos multe minus
excavta; pronoti disco planiore, sulci* transversis (proe-
cipue antico) evidenter minus profundis, apicc basique
declivibus strangulationem basalem versus abruptius con-
stricte (marginibus lateralibus), in parte media magis
parallel is) lateraliter sat late sparsimque piloso, elytris
pone anguhim externum apicalem minus sinuatis; pune-
tis insculptis (postice vix) antice paullo minus pro-
fundis ut sculptara tota valde (aequalis videatur) ; pedi-
bus Iwrvioribus (sed longis) femoribus distalitet minus
late flavescentibus. Tota corporis superficies cum femo-
ribus cupreo-brunnea, tibiis (proximaliter plus minusve
flavescentibus) tarsisque caeruleo-viridibus, 4 primis an-
tennarum articulis viridescentibus, (hie inde cuprassen-
tibus) corpore subtus viridiaeneo, hinc inde paullulum
caeruleo varicgato) lateraliter plus minusve cuprassea-
tihus. Long GJ mm (sine labro) 1 mascula; Kuching,
Borneo VI. 1003 A. Dom. J. K. A. I^ewis captus.
The three first articulations of the maxillar palps hard-
ly, the trochanters mostly greenish. Anterior margin of
the labrum a little concave and without any teeth. Yel-
low margin of the elytra thin running from the shoul-
ders up to the apical spine but a little interrupted be-
R. A. Soc., No. 50. 1908.
100 TWO NEW SPECIES OP CICINDELA.
hind the shoulder. Cheeks, presternum and episterna
of pro. and mesothorax sparingly covered with long
bristles. Mesosternum anteriorly bald, posteriorly short-
ly and sparing pilose. Disk of the metasternum (pos-
terior part of it bald)' of the postrior coxae (the same
for the unier part of them) and of the abdomen
densely covered with short bristles.
The meta-cspisterna and lateral part of the posterior
coxae, of the mcta-sternum and of the abdomen with
moderately long bristles closely set. Antennae and in-
termediate coxae and the humeral part of the epipleura
of the elytra moderately pilose. Head and prothorax
dull, elytra moderately shining with a very short sutural
spine.
The species is very remarkable by the prominent eyes,
form of the middle part of the pronotum, the moderately
shining elytra: the pubescence of the clypeus, cheeks,
frons, lateral margin of the pronotum, pro-and metas-
ternum and coxae.
It gives me great pleasure to dedicate it to the amiable
director of the Museum of Sarawak who was kind enough
to present me with the only specimen.
Cicindela spinicolJis, n. sp.
Civindela denlicoUis, similis, differt labro non recte
truncato sed ant ice an\so, f route pronotoque perparum
grossing anguloso, gen is antioe sparsim irregulariter
punctato-foveolatis; pronoto parte intermedia planiore
angustissime longiore lateribus rectis anticem versim
inagis convergentibus, impressionibus transversis longi-
tudinal ique media levioribus, angulis posticis simili in
modo dentiformibus, -ed hoc dente visu verticali) magis
lateral iter directo (declivitate postica minus anguli
paullo minus alta et grossim rugata; plica ilia antebasali
in ilia specie a dente oriente et transversa liter intus
ducta, in nova specie paullo manus evidente et post
dentem originem habente) elytros faeminae macula nigri-
Jour. Straits Branch.
TWO NEW SPECIES OF CICINDELA. 101
canto solummodo submicante discoidali ornate, spina
suturali magis retract a et longiorc totis densius, in-
distinct i usque punctatis; signatura flavescente valde re-
ducta; macula basali media perparva, vix percipienda,
linea tcnui humerali marginali brcvi, alteraque angusta
apicali a spina usque ad angulum apicalem extrorsum
ducta. Long 8J mm.
One female from Xortli Borneo. The lal)rum is yel-
low without any distinct tooth, clypeus and frons bald
and finely rugulose, the eyes indistinctly striolated. The
pronotum shows a little before the hind angles a laterally
prominent tooth, which stands about the same height at
the ordinary basal transversal impression; about in the
middle between this tooth and the basal margin runs an
indistinct elevation (accompanied by a sulcus behind it).
In C. dcntiroHis this elevation is better developed and
takes its origin just *from the basal tooth (the whole
middle pronotum is also much broader transverse, etc.)
The colouration of the upper side of C. spiukvliis is a
little darker and more duskv brownish brassy than in (.'.
dcnticollif; the puncture of the elytra is liner and less
distinctly developed. The cheeks are finely lineated and
have at their anterior half some irregular punctiform
impressions. The episterna of the prothorax arc only
at their inner part (sparingly those of the meso and
metathorax everywhere moderately densely pilose; the
lateral part of the nictasternum, posterior coxae and
abdomen are densely pilose. The posterior end of the
yellow humeral slope and the anterior end of the apical
one arc indistinct. The four basal articulations of the
feeler coppery brassy, femora greenish brassy with the
extreme base and a longer part of the apex yellow. Tro-
chanters yellow. My only specimen does not show any
* The same for C. Wallace i Bat., where the antebasal elevation
it about as indistinctly developed as in the new species, bnt the
pronotum of Bates, species is broader an anteriorly not narrowed, the
elytra are much longer and more parallel etc., C. Waltaacei Bates
occurs in Celebes.
ft. A. Soc, Not 50, X908,
. '■# t
102 TWO NEW SPECIES OF CICINDELA.
bristles at the lateral margins of the pronotum but they
might 1)0 spoiled.
Some time ago 1 became doubtful whether the locality,
1 had once given for Cicindela dcntiroJ/ia (i.e. New
Guinea) was exact, as I have never seen other specimens
but the two types, the question has to be kept still in
■uspensc.
Jour. Straits Branch.
Bats in a Bamboo.
A largo clump oi! the bamboo Demlroculamua pcndulus
IJidley which had died after flowering in the Botanical
(■aniens Singapore was being cut down in May and one of
the coolies while cutting the culms up into lengths and split-
ting them noticed a strange noise within a joint." On split-
ting it up three or four bats flew out but there being more
inside he brought it to me tied up. On taking it to the
museum and carefully opening it Dr. Hanitsch and I found no
less than twentv-three bats of which four were adult females
and nineteen were young ones. One of these was still cling-
ing to the mother and sucking. The joint of bamboo in
which these bats were enclosed was a foot in length and the
diameter of the hollow inside was 2 inches. The septa at
each node were perfect and unbroken, and the only possible
entrance was made bv a crack on one side which allowed of
a narrow slip to be pushed outwards so that a triangular
aperture a quarter of an inch across in its widest parts appear-
ed in the upper septum.
Through this very small space all these bats must have
crept. The inside of the bamboo was wet and dark coloured
and there were some dipterous larvae within.
In another clump of the same kind of bamboo, two other
joints containing young bats of apparently the same kinds
were opened. In one joint when opened, it having been felled
and left for some davs in the sun all the bats were dead and
decomposed. They nearly filled the joint and were apparent-
lv about thirtv in number. In the other several bats had
ft v
escaped but there were a number of young ones and one half
grown. Specimen* of these bats were sent to the British
Museum where Mr. Oldfield Thomas examined them and
found them to be Tylonyvicrte pavhypm, (Vespcrugo fxtchy-
pus Dobson). He writes, "This bat has an exceedingly
flattened skull and thus many account for its ability to get
JL A. Soc., No. 50, xpl,
104
BATS IN A BAMBOO.
through a crack only a quarter of an inch wide. I never
heard of specimens found in such a place before."
H. N. tilDLEY.
Jour. StrtiU Branch.
The Labiates of the Malay Peninsula.
By H. X. Ridley.
The Labia tac in the Materials for a Flora of the Malay
peninsula have l>een described by Dr. Prain who gives
eighteen genera and thirty species of this order as occurring
in the Malay peninsula. Like the Comptmtac the Labiates
are very poorly represented all through the rain forest
region. They are inhabitants of open country and being all
small plants and being dispersed chiefly by the mere sprink-
ling of their seeds as the wind blows, can neither push their
wav into our dense forests nor establish themselves there in
the thick shade if they did get there. The only forest species
indeed that we possess, the Gomphostcminas, have l>een so far
modified for forest life that their fruits are developed into
small white pulpy drupes, which can be eaten by birds and so
the seeds dispersed. An analogous ease among the Hubiaeeoc
with capsular fruit is seen here too in Hedyotis congesta be-
longing to an open country group of capsular seeded weeds in
which also the fruit is developed into a small white pulpy
berrv.
The species recorded in the Materials are as follows:
Ocimum sanctum, L. 0. Basilicum, L. 0. gratis-
simum, L. (and 0. canum might be added.) Orthosiphon
slamineux, Benth. II y pi is brcvipes, Poit. //. suavcolens,
Poit. Plectranthus Kunstleri, Prain! Co/ens alropur par-
vus, Benth! Pogostemon Heyncanus, Benth! P. Cablin,
Benth. Dysophylla auricularia, Bl ! Mentha jaranica, Bl.
Calami at ha gracilis, Benth! Latvia coccinea, Juss. S. ph-
bcia, Br. Scutellaria discolor, Colebr! Anisomelrs ovala, Br!
A. malabarica, Br. Leonolis nepclifolia, Br. Leucas mar-
tiniceusis, Br. A. zeylanica, Br! L. lavanduli folia, Sm!
Leon ur us sibiricus, L. Paraphlomis rugosa, Prain! Gom-
phostemma microcalyx, Prain! (?. crinitum, Wall! (7,
R. A. Sot, No. 50, 1906'
106 THE LABIATES OF THE MALAY PENINSULA.
Scorlcchini, Train! G. Curtisii, Prain! Cymaria didto-
tomn, Benth! Aery m ia ojuyi flora, Prain! Those marked " !"'
are the onlv one.s which can claim to be reallv indigenous.
The Basils, Oanium and the Mint, Mentha javanica
are garden pot herbs which can hardly be said to have es-
tablished themselves anywhere. The Mint quoted only from
Malacca. (Jrillith, has long been cultivated. It seldom flowers
here, and 1 have never seen it outside a garden plot, Salvia
con inea, .hiss, and (Jiihosiphon slaiuineus as far as our region
is concerned are onlv to be met with in flower beds. The
Orlhosiphon " Kumis Kuching " of the Malay is however a
native of Siam and mav be found wild across our borders in
the extreme north.
Lconurus nepctifolia, Br. is also a cultivated plant only
to be found in gardens.
Aiiisoinrlcx mulubarica. Br. onlv met with in Penan;?
town .suburbs, is obviously an introduction from India prob-
ably by Tamils. It was collected in 1823 in Penang bv
Wallich.
Leon urns sibirirus is brought in and cultivated by Chi-
nese who used it in medicine.
Salvia plcbcia, Br. is only recorded from Malacca without
collector's name, probably the specimen was from an in-
troduced plant. Lauras mar Unit cutis, Br. is also an in-
troduction. It lias only been obtained by Scortechini in
Pcrak.
None of these plants have ever established themselves as
weeds, and can only Ik; classed as Garden escapes.
Thoroughly established here as all over the tropics are
the two American llyplis, A. suaveolms and //. brevipes.
The rcM: of the list fall into three groups (1) herbs
occurring as weeds only in cleared ground near cultivation,
but certainly natives of this area. These are Colcus atropur-
p a re us, Benth., A nisti inch's oca la, Br., Lcncas zcylanica, Br.
and L. la rand uli folia. Sin. and Calaniinlha yracilis, Benth.
This latter I found in some quantity at the foot of the
Thaiping hills in open ground. It was otherwise only been
found in Java and once in Assam.
Jour. Strtiti Branch*
THE LABIATES OF THE MALAY PENINSULA. 107
(2). Herbs growing in the jungles and obviously in-
digenous the Gout phostvm mas, and I believe Poyoateuwn
lleyucanus, Benlli. the Indian patchouli.
The Poyostemou is not so far as I am aware cultivated
here, but it is possible that it is. I have met with it on
stream banks in forests, at Uawang in Selangor (Xo. 7 <><>:> of
my collection) and at Taka Tahan on the Tahan Kiver (Xo.
2<W1 ) also in Sarawak at Kundu (Xo. 12;>8) and it is in
IhmlandV collection from IVnkulu Ampat in Sarawak. In
the Tahan River locality it was growing near Colombia auti-
quorum at an old Sakai camping ground, and was probably
carried there by the Sakais, but there was nothing to suggest
it had been introduced in the other localities. It is known
to the Malays as liimiput Ituku, Poko Nijao, Nilam Bukit
and Chilam Bukit. It is used as a poultice in cases of head-
ache, rheumatism and boils, and in the form of a decoction is
drunk for dropsy. The flowers the colour of which is not
given in the materials are pale violet.
P. Cablin, Benth. the commonly cultivated patchouli is
described fully in the Materials. Its native home is quite
unknown.
Dyso/mylhi nurivutarw, Bl. is undoubtedly wild here, I
think. It grows in swampy open ground, edges of rivers, etc.
Scutellaria discolor, Benlh. was once collected by Scor-
techini in Perak and is probably wild. I have never seen it.
(o). The third set of indigenous Labiates are all from
the limestone rock* of Ipoh and near bv. Thev are Plvdran-
thus KuHstlcrl, Prain., Puru^hloiuis ruynsa, Prain. and
Cymaria dirliotoma, Benth.. Acrymiu njuyi flora, Prain. The
occurrence of four species of this order out of so small a
number of indigenous >pecies on such a limited area as this
range of limestone hills is verv remarkable.
Thus this large order is represented in the Malay pe-
ninsula by only 15 species which can be considered to be truly
indigenous.
R. A Soc, No. 50, 1908.
The Crackling Moth.
By H. N. Bidley.
Tt is not unfrequent when passing along roads through
woods, just after dusk lias sot in to hear all around a strange
crackling sound not very loud but quite distinct and resemb-
ling somewhat Chinese crackers heard at a distance. This is
produced by a black moth of some size, which seems to be
hardly distinct from Xyciipao hieroglyphica as figured in
Hampson's moths of India, and Moore's Ix^pidoptera of
Ceylon. 1 do not find any mention of the peculiar behaviour
of this insect made anywhere in these works, so I will give
some account of it. The moth is three and a half inches
across the wings, which are rather longshaped and scolloped
along the edges, wings and body are of a deep brown black,
al>ove and below and on the upper wing near the tip' is a
yellow mark something like an 8 but with the loops more ob-
long and angled and the neck more distinct. In the centre
of the upper wing is a faint shadowy eye formed of two rings
of black one inside the other, the centre of a slightly paler
brown colour than the rest of the wing. On the underside
the yellow spot is seen but not so bright in colour, the pea-
cock's eye is invisible and there is another small yellow spot
lower down on the upper wing. The. body is cylindric black,
and the antennae are wiry and black. The insect differs
from the figure of the Ceylon form, in Moore's Lepidoptera of
Ceylon, in its darker colour and very indistinct eye, which in
the Ceylon form has some chestnut red in the centre, (Argiva
hieroglyphica PI. Km) but it is perhaps a local form. The
insect above described is a male. The females have a white
spot on the upper wing.
During the day, the moth hides under roots or in crevices
of rock where it is quite dark, as do most species of the genus,
and if disturbed dashes off to seek another hiding place. I
Jour. Strtiti Branch, R. A. Soc., No. so, 1906.
110 THE CRACKLING MOTH.
have seen it thus in the garden rockery, and in the Bukit
Timali forests. It loaves its resting spot about half past six
in the evening and betakes itself to an open road or path.
Here it flies briskly backwards and forwards, in the shadows,
and at such a pace that owing to this and its dark colour mak-
ing it so invisible, it is very difficult to capture. Often half
a dozen or so are dashing about the road at a time and they
keep to specially favoured spots, night after night. The}' do
not make any noise when Hying about singly, but when two
are flying about chasing each other they produce the strange
crackling sound described above. Owing to the darkness it is
impossible to see how they do it, neither tun I sure whether it
is effected bv a pair or bv two males on I v. I have onlv caught
males. They remain till it is actually quite dark, but
then seem to disappear. Neither light nor cow-droppings
which are often attractive to moths engage their attention.
They keep just out of the light of the road lamps. When by a
lucky stroke one is secured in the net, it is Usually very quiet
and dnes not flutter about, so that often one does not notice
at first that it is trapped, but so fast ii flies and >o hard one
has to strike at it that the insect is very apt to be damaged
bv the concussion.
It appear.* at the end of May. This habit of dashing
about the mads and its peculiar crackling noise, % are not
shared with anv other Xvctinaos as far as 1 know.
A larger species with brown wings ornamented with white
eyes, is one of our commonest mot lis and often conies to light.
It rests during the day under rocks or banks, or on beams in
sheds or house> and though rapid in flight when disturbed,
merely dashes from one hiding place to another, and I have
never met with it dashing about the road at night in the way
that X. liiwH/lyjiltim does. The latter is abundant in Sing-
apore and I have also met with it in Pahang and other parts
of the peninsula.
Nothing appears to be known of the life history of this
moth.
II. X. Ridley.
Jour. Straits Branch.
New or Rare Malayan Plants.
Series IV,
By H. X. Ridley.
It will be seen bv this series of novolties that the knowl-
ft'
edge of our flora even of the best known spots is not yet
complete. Even in Singapore with its nearly exterminated
native? flora, still some novelties lurk in the few remaining
bits of forest, thus the Stagmount wood produced the beauti-
ful new ginger which was found growing in a spot which I
have frequent lv visited and onlv a few vards from mv usual
track. The Rati din, the fieri firm and Diospyros described
herein I have known for manv vears, but thev have not been
» • «
described in the Materials and so are now published for the
first time.
The well known furniture wood Katinga from the Siam-
ese borders has long been prized and I obtained leaves and a
fruit some years ago from Mr. F. G. Penney, who had a fine
collection of furniture made from its wood. A number of
young plants were raised in the Botanic Gardens, and I lately
obtained specimens shewing part^ of the flower from Mr. II.
(\ Robinson. It proves to he a Miirraya allien! to the well
known Kamuning wood, so much valued for the handles and
sheaths of Kri»es.
The low-lying forest region of Southern Johore, has
produced several interesting novelties, including a remarkable
new genus of gingers, but many more curious and interesting
plants will be found in this unexplored district when time
serves to investigate it. From Sarawak Mr. Hewitt still con-
tinues to send many more novelties, and among Sarawak
plants I am glad to be able to associate the name of the
R. A. Soc., No. 50. 1906. »
110 THE CRACKLING MOTH.
have seen it thus in the garden rockery, and in the Bnkit
Timah forests. It loaves its resting spot about half past six
in the evening and betakes itself to an open road or path.
Here it flies briskly backwards and forwards, in the shadows,
and at such a pace that owing to this and its dark colour mak-
ing it so invisible, it is very difficult lo capture. Often half
a dozen or so are dashing about the road at a time and they
keep to specially favoured spots, night after night. They do
not make any noise when flying about singly, but when two
are flying about chasing each other they produce the strange
crackling sound described above. Owing io the darkness it is
impossible to see bow they do it, neither am I sure whether it
is elicited by a pair or by two males only. I have only caught
males. They remain till it is actually quite dark, but
then seem to disappear. Neither light nor cow-droppings
which are often attractive to moths engage their attention.
They keep just out of the light of the road lamps. When by a
hu-kv stroke one is secured in the net, it is Usually verv uuiet
and does not 11 utter about, so that often one does not notice
at first thai it is trapped, but so fast it flies and so hard one
has to strike at it that the insect is very apt to be damaged
by the concussion.
It appears at the end of May. This habit of dashing
about the loads and its peculiar crackling noise, , arc not
-bared with any other Xvclipaos as far as I know.
A larger sprcies with brown wings ornamented with white
eyes, is one of our commonest moths and often comes to light.
It rests during the dav under rocks or banks, or on beams in
sheds or house* and though rapid in flight when disturbed,
merely dashes from one hiding place to another, and I have
never met with it dashing about the road at night in the way
that -V. Iiirrotj/yphini does. The latter is abundant in Sing-
apore and I have also met with it in Paining and other parts
of the peninsula.
Nothing appears to be known of the life history of this
moth.
H. X. KlDLEY.
Jour. Straits Branch.
New or Rare Malayan Plants.
Series IV,
By H. X. Ridley.
It will be seen bv this series of novelties that the knowl-
edge of our flora even of the best known spots is not yet
complete. Even in Singapore with its nearly exterminated
native flora, still some novelties lurk in the few remaining
bits of forest, thus the Stagmount wood produced the beauti-
ful new ginger which was found growing in a spot which I
have frequent lv visited and onlv a few vards from mv usual
track. The Rnnd'w. the IJerltlom and Dioxpyro* descril>ed
herein I have known for manv vears, but thev have not been
• • •
described in the Materials and so are now published for the
first time.
The well known furniture wood Katinga from the Siam-
ese borders has long been prized and I obtained leaves and a
fruit some vears ago from Mr. F. 0. Penncv, who had a fine
collection of furniture made from its wood. A number of
young plants were raised in the Botanic Gardens, and I lately
obtained s]K»cimens shewing parts of the flower from Mr. II.
0. Robinson. It proves to be a Murrnya allied to the well
known Kamuning wood, so much valued for the handles and
sheaths of K rises.
The low-lying forest region of Southern Johore, has
produced several interesting novelties, including a remarkable
new genus of gingers, but many more curious and interesting
plants will be found in this unexplored district when time
serves to investigate it. From Sarawak Mr. Hewitt still con-
tinues to send many more novelties, and among Sarawak
plants I am glad to be able to associate the name of the
R. A. Soc., No. 50. 1906.
112 NEW OR RARE MALAYAN PLANTS.
Founder of our Society with the beautiful climber, Hosea
Lobbiana, the ladder to the moon, (Tanga Bulan) of the
Malays. This charming plant abundant in the swamps near
Kuching, has boon more or less known for a long time.
Thomas Lobb while collecting plants for cultivation for
Yeitch found it and dried a spray of it which is now at Kew,
but Lobb docs not seem to have troubled to put localities on
the tickets of bis dried specimens, and when bis collections
were received at Kew. many were wrongly localised, and this
plant was .supposed to have come from lVnang, and was des-
cribed as thence bv Clarke in the Flora of British India as
C/erodendron Lobbiana, (the peculiar fruit however prevents
it from being a Clerodendron).
Miss North saw it at Kuching and made a drawing of
it, which however was not recognized as l^obb's plant. Bishop
Hose brought plants of it into his garden at Kuching, and
some years ago gave one to the Botanic (wardens in Singapore
where it has been cultivated. It seom> of slow growth and
not very easy to propagate, so that it has not been found
possible as yet to distribute it to other gardens. It is a most
attractive plant with its red upper leaves and salmon-orange
flowers. A contrast to it is the dwarf Ch'rodrndron jiuhii*
////// from the road banks of Matang mountain in Sarawak,
perhap> the smallest of clcrodendrons, though with a fairly
large i uft of white and pink flowers.
Stkiktliaceae.
Urritirra vlula, n. sp.
A gigantic tree H>0 feet tall 2 feet through with
strong hut tresses, bark grey flaky. leaves coriaceous
elliptic obtuse with a round or truncate base 4 inches
long :V\ inches wide smooth shining above, coppery scaly
beneath, nerves .*> pairs elevated beneath, inconspicuous
beneath, petiole \-\ inch long. Panicles axillary
on the branches in the axils of fallen leaves about five
inches long, lax many flowered about t inches long, all
Jour. Straits Branch
NEW OR KARE MALAYAN PLANTS. 113
densely covered with stellate hairs. Male flowers pink
eampanulate shortly 5 lobed ! / 3 inch long, covered with
. stellate hairs outside. Androecium very slender $ the
length of the tube, anthers in a whorl 5 : disc large circu-
lar. Fruit on stout woody peduncles, obovate woody
brown, with a subtriangular woody wing running to a
point obtuse, 1£ inch long, wing \ inch long. Seed ob-
long, cotyledons fleshy, no albumen.
Singapore: Gardens (Ridley 6015).
There are two or three of these fine trees in the Garden
Jungle. The finest is a conspicuous object by the plant
sheds growing close to a still taller Palaquium bancanum.
The underside of the leaves is covered with a layer of
coppery silvery scales circular in outline with numerous
irregular teeth on the margin. These scales also occur
on the upper surface of the young leaves. The Male
flowers are produced in great abundance rosy pink in
color. The females seem much scarcer. I have failed
to find any on my specimens. The fruit has a much
more distinct wing than has //. Httoralis the common
sea shore tree, but it is not sufficiently large to act in
dispersing the plant. The fruits indeed simply fall in
great quantities beneath the tree and most of them
perish after a short time.
RCTACEAE. ]
Murrnya caloxylon, n. sp.
A tree of considerable size the branches covered with a
pale flaky bark. Leaves 8 inches or more long with 13
leaflets, rachis flattened and winged narrow, leaflets
3-3i inches long or less by 1] inch wide, alternate
oblanceolate obtusely acuminate with a triangular base,
minutely petiolate inaquilateral thin bright deep green.
Flowers pale yellowish green several together in small
panicles, in the upper axils of a branch, about an inch
long. Sepals connate ovate acute f Q inch long. Petals
H. A. Soc., No. 50. 1906.
* 8
114 NEW OR KAliE MALAYAN PLANTS.
and stamens not seen. Ovary stalked, hairy, style rather
stout hairy, stigma capitulate. Fruit oblong rounded
at both ends, 4 inches long and three inches in diameter,
the pericarp dotted and warty greenish eventually be-
coming yellow, half an inch thick, lemon yellow inside,
full of long resin cells narrowed at the mouth and dilated
below, cells .">, with rather thick tough walls, pulp of
transparent flattened sticky fibres olive green in colour
and tasteless. Seeds numerous about 5 in a section ovate
flattened half an inch long £ inch thick, olive grey.
Southern Siam: Patani (Penney); Upper Perak:
Kenering at 500 feet elevation (Robinson 5548).
This tree known as the Katinga is famous in the Malay
peninsula for its beautiful wood. This handsome wood
is of light yellow color, ornamented with dark brown
streaks and strains, fairly hard in texture and taking a
good polish. Mr. F. Penney obtained a considerable
quantity of the wood from Siamese territory North of
Province Wellesley, from which lie had made furniture,
boxes, etc., which was very highly valued on account of
its lx'auty. Lie obtained also leaves and fruit of the
tree. For the flowers 1 am indebted to Mr. H. C.
liobin^on, who met with it in Upper Perak.
It differs from other species of the genus in the greater
size of the leaves, the conspicuously stalked ovary, and
the remarkable fruit which resembles a citron. The
rind has a bitter terpentine}' flavour, and the com-
paratively scanty pulp is quite tasteless. The fruit i9
so entirely different from that of any other species of the
genus that the plant might almost be separated gener-
ieally.
Melastomaceae.
Osbeclia chinensis, L.
Has been sent by Mr. Fox from Setul in Southern
Siam where it was collected by Mohammed Aniff, the
Jour. Straits Branch.
NEW OK RARE MALAYAN PLANTS. 115
Foreman Gardener of Penang Gardens. This is a very
widely distributed and variable herb occuring all oter
tropical Asia from India and Ceylon to New Guinea
and China, but hitherto it has been wanting from the
Malay peninsula. The Form collated is the narrow
leaved form represented by 0. an gaMi folia as figured in
Wallich's Ieones Kariores.
RtTBTACEAE.
Randia fraganiimma, n. sp.
A stout woody climber, stem through bark of branch-
lets pale. Thorns in pairs strong woody \ to £ inch
long. Leaves elliptic acute to ovate acute coriaceous
glabrous 5 to 7 inches long 2£ to 3 J inches wide, nerves
about 10 pairs; petioles stout \ inch long. Cymes ter-
minal or lateral 2 inches across, 20 to 30 flowers in each.
Flowers waxv white, fragrant. Bracts at the base of the
flowers ovate pubescent, several on each very short pe-
duncle, the terminal one double and resembling an epi-
calyx. Calyx campanulate pubescent { inch long teeth
5 short acute. Corolla tube an inch long cylindric gla-
brous, 1oIm?s oblong obtuse g inch long, interior of the
tube silky hairy. Stamens 5. Anthers nearly sessile in
the mouth of the corolla, linear, base bilobed. Style
stout longer than the corolla-tube with two flat elliptic
lobes. Berry J inch long.
Singapore: Garden Jungle (Ridley 5664), Bnkit
Timah (13022), Changi, Pulau Tckong; Malacca:
Selandor (Cantley's Collector), Ayer Panas (Derry
1056), Bukit Bruang (Derry 274). Native names,
" Akar Scburus ; " " Akar Kuku lang."
A very beautiful climber when in flower with its tufts
of pure white fragrant flowers reminding one of those of
the Stephanotis.
R. A. Soc., No. 50, 1906.
116 NEW OR RARE MALAYAN PLANTS.
Myrsixeae. a
Labisia acuta, n. sp.
Undershrub 18 inches tall, stem flexuous. Leaves
about 12 lanceolate subacute equally narrowed at both
ends, herbaceous dark above paler beneath quite entire,
4 to 6 inches long 1J inch wide, petiole \ inch long
winged to the base. Panicles in the uppermost axils
dense-flowered, rufous scaly, 2 inches long lower part
nude. Bracts lanceolate. Calyx campanulate 5 lobed
lobes short. Corolla lobes lanceolate acute eglandular.
Anthers eglandular.
Johore: Sungei Tehran., March 190? (Ridley 13010).
This really seems distinct specifically from the com-
mon and variable L. pothoina, Lindl. (L. pumiln, Benth)
in its elongate stein and acute petallod eglandular flowers.
Ardisiti jj suffnitivosa, n. sp.
A low ascending undershrub little over a foot tall with
a flexuous stein with brown longitudinally rugose bark.
Leaves oblanceolate entire narrowed gradually to the
petiole, apex obtusely acuminate, margins faintly undu-
late eglandular, glabrous, (bud leaves red pubescent)
nerves inconspicuous above, beneath about 20 pairs
slender, slightly elevated, 4-5 inches long 1 inch across,
petiole slender £ inch long or less. Inflorescence from
the axil of an upper leaf; peduncle patent slender, 1 inch
long, red scaly pubescent. Pedicels umbellate £ to J
inch long, few, about 7 occasionally umbellate. Flowers
small pink. Calyx lobes 5 very small not overlapping
lanceolate acute edges glandular ciliate. Petals ^ inch
long, lanceolate acuminate, obtuse. Stamens little
shorter, filaments very short, anthers apiculate. Style
little longer than petals in the open flowers. Fruit glo-
bose i inch long, terminated by the remains of the style.
Johore: Sungei Tebrau in sandy woods, covering the
ground (Ridley 13009) March 1907.
Jour. Straits Branch.
NEW OH KARE MALAYAN PLANTS. 117
I'll is species is allied to A. divcrgens but is a much
smaller plant.
Ebenaceae.
Diospyros pyriferus, n. sp.
A tree about thirty feet tall with black bark. Leaves
glabrous elliptic apex subacute or obtuse, base rounded,
coriaceous 11-13 inches long 4 inches across, midrib stout
prominent lxmcath, channelled above lateral nerves prom-
incut beneath, depressed above about 13 pairs, alternate
and irregular, meeting in loops within the margin reti-
culations conspicuous, petiole thick \ inch long. Flow-
ers in fascicles on the trunk or branches, cream color.
Cymes j inch long much branched with slender branches
covered with appressed hairs. Bracts small ovate.
Calyx lobes small T n inch long ovate hairy 5. Corolla
male, thick and coriaceous £ inch long, tube flask shaped
lobes rounded recurved all glabrous. Stamens very
numerous, about 30 ,in pairs, the front and back ones
connate in pairs by the filaments, the back one with a
longer filament than the front one, filaments very short,
anthers linear, tip acute. Female flowers not seen.
Fruit pear-shaped glabrous green *U inches long, 2 inches
through, pericarp inside white, .seeds ten. Calyx broad
J inch long green glahrescent lobes spreading ovate acute
inch long.
Singapore: Bukit Tiinah, forest at the West entrance
to the Fern Valley (Ridley Nos. 8101, 10847, 10442,
6118, 8114). Flowering April and October, fruit
October.
Near D. oblonga, Wall, but with many more stamens
and a very different fruit like a small pear.
Logan l acl ae. x ]
Fngmco rofundi folia, n. sp.
A shrub with short interuodes and opposite round
leaves, sometimes subretuse with a small projecting point
R. A. Soc.. No. $o, 1908.
118 NKW OK KAKE MALAYAN PLANTS*
in the notch, thickly coriaceous 3 inches long and as wide,
petiole thick nearly half an inch long. Flowers solitary
terminal subsessilc. Bracteolcs broad ovate. Calvx
lobes ovate obtuse an inch long. Corolla tube straight
tubular slightly dilate near the limb, G inches loug J inch
through, lobes obovatc rounded rather leathery 1 inch
long J inch wide, apparently white. Stamens just pro-
truding from the tube mouth, anthers oblong \ inch long.
Styles as long as the capitulate.
Tringanu: Bundi (Rostado).
This fine plant is allied to F. carnosa, Jack, differing
in the quite round leaves, and the very much larger
corolla limb.
F. raccmosa, var. paucr flora, King and Gamble.
I should certainly be inclined to consider this plant
specifically distinct from typical F. raccmosa, 'Hie typ-
ical plant is a large stout shrub or small tree common in
the open country with flosh colored flowers in dense
racemes. The variety jHiuci flora is a tall slender little-
branched shrub, wilh a slender broken up raceme of
white or creamy white sweet-scented flowers. It only
occurs in dense wet forest and is not found with the com-
mon species. Thus the variety occurs in Bukit Tiniah
forest, while F. raccmosa does not occur at all in Sing-
apore.
F. Ridlcyi, King and Gamble.
This i6 not completely described as the authors had not
6ecn flowers of it. It appears only to have been collected
by myself once on the lower slopes of Mount Ophir and
also on Bukit Timah in Singapore. The only plant
I found in Singapore was growing as an epiphyte on a
dead tree at the top of the hill. The tree- later fell down
and I believe the plant quite perished. Before it did so
however, I managed to obtain a cutting and planted it
in the Botanic Gardens where it has now developed into
Jour. Straits Branch.
NEW OK HAKE MALAYAN PLANTS. 119
a large branching shrub about 12 or 14 feet tall. It first
flowered in 11)02, and set fruit. The leaves are dark
green shining above, glaucous beneath, obovate with
prominent nerves beneath, on the upper surface are scat-
tered roundish elevations, corresponding to glands of a
yellowish color beneath. The buds are protected by a
white resinous secretion which become, buff yellow when
exposed to the air. The flowers are in cymes of four,
on short peduncles. Calyx lobes ovate blunt nearly an
inch long. Corolla tube thick nearly 2 inches long pale
orange green, the lobes oblong obtuse emarginate rcilex-
cd, white shaded with green ] inch long A inch wide.
Stamens long white, anthers oblong rounded pale violet.
Style rather thick greenish. Stigma capitate emerald
green conic about o inches long, ending in the stout style.
F. auririi/aia. Jack.
This the linest of all the Fagraeas, usually at least
starts life as an epiphyte and killing its host becomes a
very large branching .shrub sometimes as much as o0
feet tall. The branches are straggling and flexuous,
and armed with short sharp points on either side of the
auricles of the leaves. Most of the descriptions of this
plant as taken from herbarium specimens much under-
rate the si/,e of the leaves and flowers. There seem to be
two forms however in one of which the flowers are much
smaller than in the other and commoner forms.
The flowers during life have the following dimensions.
Calyx 3 inches long and 2 inches in diameter. Corolla
tube G inches long and 3 inches across the mouth, lobes 3
inches across, and j inch thick. The whole corolla is
eight to 12 inches or more across. The stamens are three
inches long, the style four inches with an emerald green
stigma more than half an inch across.
The flower opens in the early morning and remains
o]m»ii for two days ljcforc falling, or turning yellow. It
exhale* a coarse rather musky, scent. The stamens ha>o
R. A. Sot. j No. /.\ I',i8.
120 NEW OK RARE MALAYAN PLANTS
their anthers at iii>st up-curved, but ere long they full
and lie on the lower face of the tube. The stigma is then
not fully developed and not half a* big as it eventually
becomes. The .stamens dihisce, and produce a quantity
of white pollen when they are in a prone position. The
flowers are now visited by the very small Trigom (Tr
ruficornis). These hover about the stamens, then settle
and gather pollen, rise hover again and resettle. Oc-
casionally they rest on the stigma, and deposit pollen
thereon. Usually however the stigma is not developed
till the next day, when the pollen is all gone., and if there
has been rain, wet and spoilt, for it has no protection.
On the second day, the stigma is fully developed, and has
attained its full size. 1 have seen no other insect at the
flower, though I watched for hawkmoths for a long lime
in the evening, none visited it.
The fruit is six inches long surrounded at the base by
the thick green overlapping calyx lobes. These are ellip-
soid rounded at the top and elevated in the centre, 3
inches long by 2 inches wide. The fruit is cone-shaped
with a blunt top. polished lead-colour. When ripe it
dehisces at the top into five lol>cs. covered with a sweet
orange pulp in which the seeds arc imbedded. This pulp
is evidently derived from the placenta. The fruit often
splitting and leaving the placenta erect in the centre
and covered with the small seeds imbedded in the pulp.
The pulp is sweetish with a strong unpleasant bitter taste
and is very attractive to birds and ants. The seeds are
irregularly angled, and finely reticulate. The seeds
when deposited on a tree trunk germinate and the little
plants as they grow emit long olive yellow roots like those
of an orchid, which run upwards and downwards on the
tree trunk, for a length of 6 or 8 feet or more. The
plant branches from the base sending out 2 or more
stems. Eventually it appears either to kill the tree or
descend to the ground forming a tree of some size. The
largest plant in the gardens has layered itself from one
of the branches.
Jour. Straits Branch.
NEW OR RARE MALAYAN PLANTS. 12!
F. oblunga, King and Gamble.
This is incompletely described in the Materials for a
Flora of the Malay peninsula, for lack of complete speci-
mens. I would add the following notes to the descrip-
tion. It is an epiphyte with rather flaccid leaves for a
Fagraea. The flowers are borne in pairs on axillary
peduncles at the ends of the branches. The peduncles
are an inch long and rather stout, as are the pedicels
\ inch long. The calyx lobes are ovate blunt ] inch
long. Corolla white, with a straight tube 1 inch long,
the lobes J inch long i inch wide oblong obovate with
rounded tips. Stamens included, anthers oblong. Style
an inch long, with a peltate stigma.
The plant occurs at the Tea Gardens and the Cottage
on the Thaiping Hills and I have also found it at the
Semangkok Pass in Selangor (Xo. 12069 of my collec-
tion).
F. fragrans, Roxb.
In the Materials for a Flora of the Malay Peninsula
the description and quoted collection numbers for this
plant include a tree very distinct in life but less easily
separated from herbarium specimens. This species is
I am pretty certain the plant intended by Blume in his
Fagraea speciosa (llumphia II. p. 33, tab. 81).
F. fra grans, Roxb. F. percgrina, Blume. Is a tree about
GO feet tall with a diameter of 1-2 feet. The bark is
rough and thick deeply irregularly grooved, and brown.
The leaves arc elliptic acuminate narrowed at the base
dark green dull with j>erfectly straight edges, nerves
8 pairs. The cymes are less lax than those of F.
speciosa. The calyx lobes arc short and ovate. The
corolla tube \ inch long, trumpet shaped, the lobes oblong
obtuse reflexed, as long as the tube. The stamens are
long protruded, the anthers ovate, horse-shoe shaped, the
loi'iili having a deep depression between them at the base,
R. A» Soc, No. $o, 1906.
122 NEW OR RARE MALAYAN PLANTS.
The berry globose searlet. Seed irregularly quadrate
dark brown pustulate.
This plant is the Tcmbusu of the Malays, and a very
well known and beautiful tree, whether in flower, covered
with its masses of creamy white flowers scenting the air,
or when bearing its bright orange red berries. It occurs
in open country only, and comes up frequently in secon-
dary 6crub. In the Botanic Gardens it conies up every-
where in the grass plots where the seeds has been carried
by bats or birds, or as I have seen by the fruit-eating ants.
Specimens have been distributed from the Botanic
Gardens herbaria under Gardens (Ridley 581i"); Pa-
hang: Pekan (1028); Penang: Telok Bahang (Curtis
31 i) ; Malacca: Merlimau ( Perry oo). I have also met
it wild in the Dindings and Province Wcllesley.
F. speciosa, Bl. i.s a very different looking tnv, which attains
a height of 100 feet and a diameter of 3 — 1 feet. The
bark is curious, being channelled in long straight grooves,
much less rough than in F. fraywnx. The leaves are lan-
ceolate gradually narrowed io the petiole and long acu-
nate, polished light green and conspicuously undulate
even when dry, nerves five pairs. The cymes are more
lax than in F. fray runs. The flowers orange yellow, and
rather smaller. The calyx lobes more lanceolate, obtuse.
Nerves 5 pairs. The corolla tube .} inch long but nearly
cylindric, and the lol>cs lanceolate obtuse much narrower
and shorter than the tube. The filaments are twice as
long as the corolla lobes. The style is long and yellowish
with a capitate stigma. The berry is oblong in outline
and alwavs vcllow.
This tree is an inhabitant of the dense forests, though
there are a few in what is now open country in Singapore,
at Tanglin, they are merely the survivors of an old long
destroyed forest. The tree is kftowji, as Tembusu paya,
Tembusu Bukit, and Tembusu Tembaga and is valued
for its timber which is of much greater size than that of
F. frayrans. The timber is indeed no durable, that there
Jour* StraiU Branch
NEW OK RARE MALAYAN PLANTS. 123
is in the Garden Jungle, a stump of one of these trees,
which has heen felled upwards of fifty years ago. The
wood of this .stump is still very hard, and very resinous.
On the top of the stump grows a fairly large tree of
Cu mpataia Malacccnsis.
This plant has heen distributed under, Singapore:
Garden Jungle (Ridley 5818, 8921); Malacca: Bukit
Scbukor (Derry 272). *
It is by no means as heavy a flowerer as F. fragrans,
and sets comparatively little fruit.
I have little doubt that Blume's F. speciosa is this
plant, though he figures the flowers white. His plant
was obtained in Java.
Gesnehackae.
Didymocarpus WinHeri, n. sp.
Stem stout over three inches tall densely covered with
appresscd silky hairs, leaves elliptic lanceolate obtuse
narrowed slightly at the base slightly oblique, covered on
both surfaces with oppressed silvery silky hairs, G inches
long and 2J inch wide, |»ctiolc silky hairy tf inches long.
Scapes strict erect several at the tip of the stem purple
silky hairy 6 inches long including the inflorescence.
Bracts linear lanceolate acute hairv narrow. Jnflores-
cencc paniclcd with short branches. Flowers numerous
white. Calyx lobes lanceolate acuminate hairy, J inch
long. Corolla 1J inch long pubescent white, tube thick
dilated upwards gradually, lobes rounded. Stamens 2,
filaments sinuous, anthers semi-elliptic. Style nearly as
long as the stamens, hairy. Stigma cup-shaped. Cap-
sule cylindric acuminate slender pubescent an inch long.
Selangor at the Batu Caves near Kwala Lumpur (Dr.
Winkler March 3. 1908).
This sj>ecies is allied to D. inalayana differing iu its
taller s>t»*m. more silky foliage and longer white flowers.
R. A. Soc, No. SO, 1908.
124 NEW OR RARE MALAYAN PLANTS.
It was obtained by Dr. Winkler while making a short
excursion to the well known caves.
ACANTIIACEAE.
Polytrcma cuprca, n. sp.
A slender creeping herb terrestrial. Leaves equal
opposite ovate rotundatc base rounded scabrid above, sub-
pubescent beneath, margins pubescent, £-1 inch long and
about as wide, petiole \ inch long, slender, dark coppery
brown above paler beneath, nerves sunk on the upper sur-
face. Flowers three or tour on a short terminal cyme.
Sepals linear acuminate very narrow spreading in fruit,
scabrid pubescent brown, inside pinkish. Corolla i inch
long pale rose, lobes oblong truncate, lower lobe with a
bright yellow central patch. Stamens 2, filaments gla-
brous, anther cells oblong acute at both ends parallel.
Pistil pubescent. Stigma capitate. Capsule A inch
long clubbed 4 seeded. Seed half orbicular punctate.
Pcrak: at Telor Pinang near Ipoh. Oct. 1808 (Ridley
9769).
This pretty little creeper has been in cultivation in
the Botanic Gardens for six years and living plants have
been sent to Kew. It seems near P. isophyllum, Clarke,
but that is a tall erect plant with very different and
larger leaves, and axillary flowers. Like so many plants
of this kind it constantly produces cleisfcogaiiious tlowers
so that the corolla is seldom seen.
Verbenaceae.
Hosea, n. gen.
A woody climbing shrub, with opposite elliptic ovate
leaves; petioled ; the terminal leaves on the shoot partly
or entirely red. Cymes long peduncled, axillary from the
upper leaf axils, spreading, branches dichotomous.
Calyx campanulate spathaceous bilobed pubescent, lobes
Jour. Straits Branch
.SEW OR RARE MALAYAN PLANTS. 125
ovate. Corolla tube slender long, lobes 4, three obovate
one linear oblong. Stamens -1, iilaments far extruded,
anthers rounded. Style as long. Stigma lanceolate.
Ovarv four-lobed, -1 celled, with an ovule in each of the
two cells: Fruit one or two in each flower, fusiform
narrowed at both ends, apex acuminate 2 J inches long,
pericarp leathery deep purple. Seed solitary elongate.
//. Lobbiana, n. sp. Clerodendron Lobbiana, Clarke Fl. Brit.
Ind. Vol.
A tall slender woody climber. Leaves elliptic ovate
2-3 inches long 1$ inch wide glabrous polished green.
Upper leaves on the shoot smaller pubescent, orange red,
petioles J to 1 inch long. Cymes in the leaf axils of the
upper leaves spreading on peduncles 4 inches long pubes-
cent, branches of cyme dichotomous lax, pedicels J inch
long, all pubescent except the corolla. Calyx eam-
panulate bilobed half an inch long yellowish green lobes
about .! the length of the whole calvx, ovate. Corolla
tube slender nearly an inch long, whitish, lobes four, 3
rounded obovate ^ inch long -J inch wide, one linear
oblong smaller all light apricot-orange. Stamens 4 Ali-
form projecting for 2 inches from the mouth of the
corolla tube, crimson, anthers smaller rounded black, pol-
len orange colour. Style filiform as long as the stamens
crimson. Stigmas very small, lanceolate green. Ovary
4 lobed, lobes rounded elevated. Fruit one or two elong-
ate fusiform deep purple three inches long and nearly
\ inch through in the thickest part.
Sarawak: in hot open swamps at Kuching abundant
(Hullett, Haviland b. y. s. d., Ridley 11726).
This beautiful plant is known to the Malays as Tanga
bulan, (the moon ladder). It was first partially des-
cribed by C. B. Clarke as Clerodendron Lobbiana from a
specimen collected by Lobb and supposed to have come
from Penang, but doubtless Lobb collected it at the
locality in Borneo. It was cultivated for many years by
K. A.lSoc., No. 50. 190S.
126 NEW OR RARE MALAYAN PLANTS.
Bishop Hose in his garden at Kuching, and I have much
pleasure in associating his name with the genus. Plants
have been cultivated also in the Botanic Gardens in
Singapore.
The peculiarity of the genus lies in its remarkable
fruit, which is not baccate as in most species of the
genus but one-seeded.
Clerodendron pumihun, n. sp.
*
A dwarf plant, suffruticose, stem 2 inches tall, with
whitish longitudinally ribbed bark, pubescent above.
Leaves few 2 or 3, broadly ovate acute, base rounded
broad, margin undulate distantly denticulate 4 to 6
inches long, 2 to 3 inches wide covered with pale uni-
cellular hairs on both sides, petiole \ inch long. Pe-
duncle \ inch long. Cymes in a pair about 2 inches long
and as much across, many flowered, pedicels and peduncle
densely pubescent. Sepals 5 lanceolate acute \ inch long
green tipped with red and covered with red hairs.
Corolla J inch long, tube cylimlrie dilated at the base
curved above pinkish, pubescent, upper part crimson
lobes 5-6 obovati* rounded creamy white, hairy on the
back. Stamens glabrous crimson over i inch longer than
the corolla tube, anther linear deeply bifid black. Style
filiform crimson glabrous long. Stigmas subulate green.
Overy subglobose obscurely 4 lobed.
Sarawak: Mt. Matang, above the bungalow on clay
banks by the road (Hullett, Bidley 12300).
A pretty little dwarf species of Clerodendron -with a
large tuft of pink and white flowers.
Orchideae.
Oberonia filaris, n. sp.
Caulescent, stems flexuous 3-4 inches tall, leaves 7 to
12 ensiform acuminate 1 inch long £ inch wide. Spike
very slender 4-8 inches long, floriferous to the base.
Flowers very minute yellow in approximate half whorls.
Jour. Straits Branch
NEW OR RARE MALAYAN PLANTS. 127
Bracts lanceolate acute. Sepals ovate acute. Petals
narrower linear oblong obtuse. Lip oblong retuse or
emarginate as long as the petals. Capsule stalked, ellip-
tic 3 angled, ^ inch long.
Sarawak: Kuching (Ridley, Ilullett Sept. 1903).
This is allied to 0. ti/iolata, Hook. CI. but is a much
smaller plant, with a very slender filiform spike and more
minute not ciliolate flowers.
0. longifolia, n. sp. -1
Stem less with long fibrous roots. Leaves about 5
elongate scimitar-shaped linear acuminate, articulated
and separating from the articulations, when dry 8 inches
long } inch wide, articulations £ inch long. Spike slen-
der 8-14 inches long, floriferous nearly to the base,
flowers minute irregularly arranged. Bracts linear ac-
cumulate longer than the flower. Sepals ovate acute,
petals linear obtuse lip three lobed, side lol>es from near
the base narrow linear, shorter than the midlobe, which
is ovate* obtuse minutely toothed. Column fairly long
with short tooth-like stelidia.
Sarawak: Bukit Tcndang, Busau Sept. 1905 (ISidley),
Quop March 1908 (Hewitt).
licmarkable for its long narrow leaves, curved and a-
cuminate and long spike.
0. rubra, n. sp.
Acaulescent. Leaves fleshy ensiform ^-1 inch long,
| inch wide red. Spike 2-3 inches long, base shortly
nude above densely floriferous. The flowers in closely
pacta*! alternate half-whorls below, in complete whorls
above. Bracts linear acuminate entire as long as the
flower. Sepals ovate lanceolate. Petals narrower, en-
tire. Lip ovate entire centre depressed. Capsule stalk-
ed J inch long subglobose 6 angled, the 6 ribs very pro-
minent.
R. A. Soc., No. 50, 1906.
128 NEW OR RARE MALAYAN PLANTS.
Sarawak: on coffee trees on Matang Estate (Bidley).
I have known this little plant for years but never had
the luck to find a flower in fit condition. Mr. Hewitt
sends a specimen in flower, without locality. The whole
of the little plant is usually red, leaves, flowers and fruit.
The leaves arc very fleshy. The lip appears to be quite
entire ovate.
Platyclinis Bartoni, n. sp.
Pseudobulbs not seen. Leaf narrow lanceolate acu-
minate obtuse narrowed at the base, 7 inches long } inch
wide, keel prominent, ribs less prominent 6. Scape 12
inches, base 6£ inches nude, raceme lax, flowers inch
apart. Bracts narrow lanceolate papery } inch long,
spreading persistent. Pedicels with ovary a little short-
er. Flowers apparently yellowish with a brown lip \
inch across. Sepals lanceolate acuminate acute. Petals
nearly as long but little more than half as wide. Lip
shorter than sepals, base narrow, side lolws fairly large
lanceolate acute, excurved, midlobe much longer ovate
acute, dilated towards the middle, margin towards apex
denticulate, 2 elevated keels running from base and dis-
appearing on the midlobe. Column hood long oblong
three toothed at the truncate tip. Stelidia large rising
as a margin to column from base, above triangular lan-
ceolate with a broad base, tip acute, free from just below
the stigma.
British New Guinea, (Major F. 11. Barton No. 5).
This appears to be the first species of the genus found
in New Guinea. It is rather remarkable for the long
curved filament of the anther and longer rostellurn than
usual.
Bvlbophyllum patens, Hook. fil.
A plant of this species was sent in a collection of
orchids from Java by Mr. Beauclerk, and flowered in the
Botanic Gardens, Singapore. The species has not
hitherto been recorded from anywhere outside the pen-
Jour. Straits Branch.
ERRATA .--Page 129, for line 3 substitute—
B. lasianthum, Lindl.
NEW OR RARE MALAYAN PLANTS. 129
insula and is not recorded bv Mr. Smith among the
Javanese orchids.
B. (% Monan tha parva) Scintilla, n. sp.
I met with a large plant of this strange orchid on a
tree at Kukuh. South Johore, in flower in April 1908.
It is well known from the rocks on Penang Hill, and I
have it also from Sumatra.
B. (8 Monantha i>arva) Scintilla, n. sp.
Rhizome slender wiry, pseudobulbs curved base pros-
irate, upper parts ascending \ inch long, leaf oblanceolate
fleshy \ inch long. Scape very slender 1 inch long.
Flower fVj inch long. Sepals very narrow lanceolate
acuminate bright orange. Vpper one much narrower
than the others. Petals very short linear orange darker
at the tips. Lip linear acuminate fleshy deep pink nearly
half a.- long as the >cpals.
Sarawak: at Kuching (.1. Hewitt).
A distinct lit lb* >pccics resembling //. mtcnariiun.
liidl. but with aeiuninale sepals, gibbons below and
different pseudobulbs.
II. 1$ Srstochillis) jHliirtutliui, II. sp.
Pseudobulbs conic 1 inch long, with Jibres of broken
up sheaths at the base. Ix*af elliptic coriaceous subacute
base slightly narrowed to petiole 5 inches long 1£ inch
wide, j>etiole 1 inch. Scape slender ty inches long.
Flower solitary, upper sepal ovate acuminate J inch long
\ inch wide yellowish with brown spots, laterals gibbous
at the base narrower lanceolate linear acute pubescent
yellow distally with a reddish tinge and red brown spots
below. Petals lanceolate cuspidate nearly as long as the
M'pal, btit narrower. Lip short oblong fleshy, base pro-
longed into 2 red processes, sides high elevated apparent-
ly purple with a pale broad groove 1h*1wccii.
Sarawak: Matang (J. Hewitt).
R. A Soc., No. 50, 1908.
\9
130 NEW OR RAKE MALAYAN PLANTS.
There seem to be a number of these pretty Bulbophyl-
lums in Sarawak, Kranzlin describes in Engler's Bot.
Jahrb. 34. ii. 251 viz. B, cryptophoranthoidcs, B. hy-
mcnockiluin, B. srandcns all from Matang. This one is
distinct in having pubescent lower sepals. It is allied to
B. umijiie, Midi, of Borneo.
B. (% Raremosae) perpusilluin, n. sp.
A very small tufted plant, with minute eylindric pseudo-
bulbs T \j inch long crowded together, and subtended with
papery lanceolate bracts. Leaf fleshy coriaceous oblan-
ccolate obtuse, nearly £ inch long ^ inch wide, narrowed
into a petiole at the base, tip usually rounded with a
minute mucro. Scapes slender as long as the leaves
bearing one flower at the top. Bracts 2 the lowest lan-
ceolate, the upper one narrower. Flower yellow less than
r \j inch long, pedicel short. Upper sepal lanceolate
acuminate, laterals gibbous at base above lanceolate acu-
minate curved. Petals linear half as long. Lip broad,
thin base oblong with two fleshy ridges enclosing a de-
pression, lamina ovate subacute apparently white.
Column with oblong stelidia truncate short. Anther
rather broad, beak rounded flesh v.
Sarawak: Bidi (C. J. Brookes) Jan. 1008. Flowers
yellow.
A very curious little species, forming minute tufts,
with the flowers of the racemosae section but only one,
on each.
B. ('§ Racrmosac) pumilio, n. sp.
Rhizome slender short, covered with papery sheaths,
pseudobulbs eylindric T \j inch long covered with a lan-
ceolate papery sheath, nearly twice as long. Leaf coria-
ceous linear subacute 2 inches long, inch wide. Ra-
ceme slender I-. 1 , inch wide, enclosed at the base with a
tubular sheath, with a lanceolate limb. Flowers remote
white, about 10. Bracts lanceolate acuminate about as
long as the pedicel *q inch long. Sepals J inch long,
Jour. Straits Branch.
XEW OH RARE MALAYAN PLANTS. 131
lanceolate acuminate, lower ones gibbous at the base.
Petals lanceolate acute half as long. Lip with a narrow
base limb elliptic lanceolate obtuse margins denticulate.
Stelidia porrcct oblong rounded at the tip rather large
for the size of the column.
Sarawak: Bidi. Jan. 11)08 ((J. Brookes).
The number of litt/bojihylla of this section seems end-
less. This small >pecies differs from any other known to
me in its linear leaves and denticulate tip.
Bulbophyllum Brookem, n. pp.
Rhizome thiek and woody with closely appressed sub-
globose pseudobulbs, with depressed tops, truncate round-
ed \ inch long. Leaf coriaceous elongate 4 subspathulate
apex rounded, base gradually narrowed to a thick petiole,
blade (J inches long •'{ inch wide petiole li inch long.
Raceme o' inches long slender erect glabrous, with several
sheaths at the base. Klowers numerous, scattered from
near the base upwards. Bracts linear acuminate -jVf inch
long. Pedicels little longer. Sepals lanceolate subacute
i inch long. Petals very small not longer than the
column ovate. Lip very small fleshy sides at the base
and for more than half the length of the lip curved up,
with a groove l>ctwcen apex ovate thick and fleshy. Co-
lumn and its foot short. Stelidia short subulate.
Sarawak: at Bidi (C. J. Brookes).
This species has somewhat of the appearance of B.
puberuhtm, Ridl. but is quite glabrous, and has curious
closely approximated pseudobulbs of a cupshape.
BitlbophyHum sarcanlhoides, n. sp.
Rhizome very short, pseudobulbs very small. Leaf
succulent lorate drying black, falcate acute 1£ inch long
i inch wide distichous. Racemes very dense J- inch long
with lanceolate acuminate bracts, comose. Flowers
yellow J inch long. Sepals lanceolate caudate with a
Mrong central midrib no lateral veins. Petals wider at
R. A. So:.. No. 50, 19J8.
132 NEW OK RAKE MALAYAN PLANTS.
the base lanceolate caudate, rather shorter. Lip half the
length of the sepal base narrow, lateral lobes ovate curved
obtuse, midlobe verv narrow acuminate caudate centre
elevated thickened. Column short and broad winged,
filament distinct. Anther for the column large oblong
rounded.
Johore: Sungei Tcbrau, on trees over the river.
A very curious plant with the habit of a small Sacvo*
labium, with flowers in upwards dilated racemes.
Dendrobium gramineum, n. sp.
Stems long very slender, branched about J& inch
through flexuous, branches 6 or more inches long.
Leaves linear lanceolate -J-1J inch long £ inch wide,
acute bifid with one acuminate point much longer than
the other, sheaths } inch long ribbed and thickly nigrohir-
suto. Flowers solitary with several papery ovate bracts,
at the base, peduncle slender J inch long. Sepals fit ll ^\i
long lanceolate threeveined. Mentum long straight pa-
rallel to the pedicel obtuse } s inch long. Petals narrow
linear. Lip as long as the sepals base linear, lateral lobes
triangular acute, short ami broad. Midlobe spathulatc
with a narrow cloud and a rounded limb, three ridged
and papillose. Column stelidia broad rounded.
Sarawak: Matang on trees (Ridley, Hewitt).
Allied to the terrestrial aquatic D. conostalix, Lindl.
but an epiphyte branched with very different petals and
lip.
Dendrobium Ardcni, n. sp.
Stems slender branched, pseudobulbs subeylindric
slightly flattened olive green 1$ inch long by \ inch wide
remote. Leaves lanceolate linear 3-4 inches long £-J
inch wide dark green coriaceous, narrowed at the base
snbobtuse. Flowers in tufts from the axils of the leaf
appearing singly or in pairs, as large as those of D.
KrlsalH, lVdicel pale green j inch long. Sepals oblong
four. Straits Branch.
NEW OK RAKE MALAYAN PLANTS. 133
recurved subobtuse rroaiu with faint purplish wins.
Petals linear acute narrower. Mentum short broad conic
curved, faintly marked with red veins. Lip as in D. Kel-
saUl, but, lateral lobes short rounded pink, midloln? with
a distinct elaw then dilated into a bilotad rounded limb,
on tbe disc two thick fleshy large semi-ell iptieal cusliions
deep-purple, rest of the disc and claw violet pink, limb
creamv Yellow. Column lemon vellow.
. » »■
Johore: Kukub estate, Tempavang Kiver, (Fl. in II.
B. S. May 22, 1908).
This resembles D. Kefta/H but differs in the rather
rather longer recurved sepals, the short rounded lobes of
the lip, with a distinct claw between the disc and the
limb, instead of overlapping, and instead of three ridges
running from the base of the lip to the bane of the mid-
lolx\ there are two thick fleshy deep purple crimson half
elliptic cushions with a groove between. The flowers
are less than half an inch long.
I). (§ Pcdilonum) Crubm, n. sp.
Stamens subcylindric dilated upwards, strongly groov-
ed of about G intemodes 2 to 4 inches long, and } inch
through when dry. leaves elliptic obtuse 3 inches long
1 inch wide, slight lv narrowed at the base 1 . Flowers
borne in the leafless steins on the upper nodes solitary on
short \ inch pedicels with an ovate bract. Peduncle
slender 1 inch long pink. Sepals ovate {inch long
petals similar but shorter and more rounded at the tip.
Mentum J inch long base narrowed then dilate at the
base, like the body of a wasp. Lip J inch long, "base
narow linear then suddenly dilate into two oblong ovate
rounded lobes f inch across when expanded, then nar-
rowed linear ending in a rounded reniform limb. Be-
tween the loin's the veins are thickened into a eallus.
Column dilated widely. Anther conic blunt, apex thick.
Stigma cordate large with a broad thick elevated mar-
gin.
R. A. Sue No. $o, 1906
134 NKW UK UAltE MALAYAN PLANTS.
Sarawak: Matang (June U?, Hewitt). Petals with a
green tinge, the veins red. Lip and column white.
This is a fine Pedilonum remarkable for its curious
nientum narrowed and dilated towards the tip and curved
like the abdomen of wasp, and for the lip with its two
broad side loljes about half way from the base and the
broad fan-shaped terminal lobe.
D. (§ Pedilonum) muHi/loriun, n. sp.
Stems slender 18-2 1 inches tall ] inch through slightly
flcAimus strongly grooved; internodes 1 inch long.
I/eaves elliptic obtuse nearly sessile \\ inches long by 1
wide. Paecmcs terminal 2 to -1 inches long many
Uowered. Bracts narrow lanceolate small. Flowers
large. Pedicel winged } 2 inch. Sepals elliptic lanceolate
acute. Petals similar a little smaller. Mentuin long
curved half an inch long thick blunt. Lip spathulate,
base linear centre thickened, limb broadly orbicular ovate
1 inch across distinctly nerved. Nerves at the base of
the limb elevated into an undulating keel. Column
rather trill oblong. Anther short and thick. Stigma
narrow oblong with an elevated margin and two tleshy
wings outside. Capsules \ inch long elliptic.
Sarawak: at Quop (March HHW). Petals and lip
yellow. Sepals red out>idc, the colour more pronounced
on the mentuin.
The habit of D. xcvundum, but with very different
flowers.
Dendrochihim spathuhttum, n. sp.
Phizome long much branched slender j^ inch thick,
yellow, pseudobulbs cylindric yellow and deeply grooved
when dry 1 inch long ^ inch through. Leaf elliptic
lanceolate narrowed rather abruptly to the base apex
obtuse 2 inches long A inch wide. Paecmes slender about
'I inches long floriferous to the base. Bracts ovate acute
minute persistent papery half as long as the pedicels.
Jour. Straits Branch.
NEW OK KAHE MALAYAN PLANTS. 135
Flowers T V inch across. Sepals* linear obtuse fleshy o
nerved. Petals shorter. Lip less than halt' as long as
the sepals narrow entire fleshy base oblong with two
fleshy raised keel, apex subspathulate rounded thin.
Column very short, upper margin oblong as long as the
r est of the column, stelidia from near the anther base
lanceolate acuminate apex subulate as long as the elinan-
druni margin. Capsule J inch long and nearly as wide
rounded triquetrous almost cone-shaped.
Pahang: on the Tahan Uiver in fruit; Sumatra;
Sungci Kclantan ; Siak (Kidley).
Certainlv near 1). aurantiacum, Bl. but distinct in the
very large oblong crest to the column, and spathulate lip.
1 believe the Pahang plant is identical with the Sumatran
one though it is only in fruit.
D. intermedium, n. sp.
Stems long woody creeping T ! g inch through, pseudo-
bulbs remote 1A-3 inches apart, cylindric rather slender
1 inch long. leaves coriaceous elliptic obtuse 14-2
inches long, by 1-1 J inch wide, petiole J inch long.
J»acemes slender 4 inches long, 2 to 5 together close to a
pseudobulb, with numerous lanceolate papery bracts at
the base, flori fenms to the base, ltachis black pubescent.
Bracts (floral) minute ovate acute papery as long as the
pedicels. Pedicels -J^ inch long. Flowers pale yellow
very small. Sepals elliptic apices rounded. Petals nar-
rower and shorter. Lip shorter than the sepal J its
length, linear oblong entire, with two large keels in the
centre. Column rather small, stelidia linear acute erect
longer than the column, back of clinandrium ovate.
Sarawak: Mt. Matang, June 190? (Hewitt).
This species is allied to D. aurantiacum, Bl. of Java,
and D. brcvilabratum, Pfitzer collected at Baram by
Hose. The foliage is quite different from the lanceolate
leaves of the former, which it resembles in its uigro
pulx'seont rachis that of D. brcvilabratum being glabrous,
K A. Sue., No. 50, ip.8,
136 NEW OK RAKE MALAYAN PLANTS.
Eria curosiavhys, n. sp.
Stems eyliudric 8 indict tall covered with rather large
loose sheaths Private with oblique mouth, 1 inch or less
long. Leaves numerous at the apex narrow lanceolate
acuminate acute, narrowed to the base l-l> inches long
-I inch wide. Iiaceiites from upper axils very slender I
or o inches long entirely ferruginous hairy, floriferous
ncarlv to the base. Flowers verv small numerous, red
hairy. Bracts ovate acute feruginous hairy J^ inch.
Pedicel short and thick as long. Flowers to end of men-
turn £ inch long. Upper sepal ovate acute cymbiform
laterals ovate oblique, mentum long straight twice as long
as the pedicel. Petals linear oblong obtuse shorter than
the sepals. Lip very narrow spathulate, claw linear limb
entire cordate obtuse. Column short verv broad, anther
flattened siibquadrate refuse. Stigma elliptic large.
Sarawak: Ml. Matang (.1. Hewitt) (June 190; ).
A mo.*t curious plant with ferruginous spikes of small
llowers. and leaves drvinir too of a rustv brown. It
should I think be classed near E. floribiuithi from its
habit, and form of stem but the hairiness and form of
the llowers suggests an atlinity with the Aerido>tachya
section.
E. I r tin i flora, Jiidl.
I can hardly separate a plant from Kuching from this
Malay peninsula species. The Borneo plant has more
acuminate sepals, and a rather wider more rhomboid lip.
E. BruuJccxii, n. sp.
Stems cylindrie fleshy -I inches long nearly J inch
thick. Leaves lanceolate oblong acuminate acute narrow-
ed into a petiole, nerves prominent, D inches long 11 inch
wide glabrous. Kaccme dense, from below the foliage,
1A inch long flowers numerous crowded, peduncle very
short with ovate papery bracts. Floral bracts oblong
lanceolate glabrous veined as long as the hairy pedicels
Jour. Straits Branch.
NEW OK RAKE MALAYAN PLANTS. 137
i inch long. Sepal, dorsal ovate lanceolate cymbifonn,
laterals falcate acute mentum as long as the free portion
all hairy, broad rounded at tip. Petals falcate lanceolate
acute. Lip claw long linear narrow, lamina ovate obtuse
obscurely trilobed, side lol>cs shorter than midlobe; two
elevated nerves run from base of claw diverge on disc
and meet again on the centre of midlobc where they are
elevated into a fleshy mass and are here joined by the
median nerve. Column short but stout, stelidia small.
Anther broad thin. Pollinia pyriform.
Sarawak: Bidi March 08 (C. J. Brookes). Flowers
pale almost fleshy color, midlobc of lip yellow.
Near E. denta, but with hairy flowers and no basal
lobes to the lip. The specimen is poor.
PlovixjJottis hiria, n. sp.
Stem over half an inch through, covered with long
pubescent leaves lanceolate 13 inches long 2 J inches wide
acuminate narrowed at the base to the broad sheath hairv
on both surfaees ribs .">. ScajM? axillary 15 foot tall hairy,
at the base a few distant sheaths ribbed acuminate 1 inch
long, raceme lengthening to about a foot. Bracts comose
lanceolate acuminate caudate subulate hairy 1-i inch
long. Pedicels hairy 1 inch long. Sepals and petals
similar lanceolate caudate hairy outside \ iiu-h long £
inch acmss at the base. Lip glabrous Milxpiadratc nar-
rowed a little at the base, apex with a long linear horn
from each angle and a central one declined at the tip.
Towards the base of the lip a pocket is formed by the in-
volution of a portion of the centre. Column short and
very broad, clinandnim deep, no arms. Pollen masses 4
oblong ovoid.
Sarawak at Bidi <C. J. Brookes).
A very remarkable plant with apparently a tall leafy
stem from the axil of which rises a tall slender scape
ending in a gradually elongating raceme of hairy flowers.
R. A. Soo, No. $0, 1908.
138 KKW OK RAKE MALAYAN l'LAKTS.
The whole plant is very hairy. I have unfortunately no
note of colour of flowers or height of the plant.
Geodorum pulchcllum, n. sp.
Lcafv stem with leaves little over 6 inches tall. Leaves
1 unequal, the largest elliptic undulate acute herbaceous
dull dark green about o nerved o inches long, 2 inches
wide, Racemes 2 to each leaf tuft 3 inches tall, peduncle
1-2 inches covered with loose lanceolate acute green
sheaths, raceme nodding flowers about 8. Bracts lan-
ceolate acuminate ] inch long. Pedicel as loug. Sepals
oblong lanceolate upper one narrower than the others &
inch long white. Petals wider oblong lanceolate as long
white. Lip entire saccate, shortly spurred .] inch long
apex rounded entire, base outside white, inside tinted
purplish with 2 short calli or bosses, pustular dark red,
apex of lip bright orange yellow. Column short, very
broad and flat with no distinct wings, white with pur-
ple-madder streaks on the face and edging at base. Stig-
ma large semi-ovate. Anther low, rounded flat truncal e
in front, pale yellow with a purple margin at the back
and edges of cells. Clinamlrum margin elevated ovate.
Roslellum indistinct nearly entire, Pollinia elliptic.
Siam: Bangtaphan (Dr. Keith); Singgora (St. V. B.
Down).
This charming little plant flowered in the Botanic
Gardens Singapore in April 1008. Mr. Down from
whom I received it states that it grows under bushes
in sandy spots.
TucniophylhiHi gracilUmum, n. sp.
Epiphytic, stem -j^ inch long, roots elongate, very
narrowly linear obtuse 3 to 5 inches long •£■$ inch wide.
Scape very slender 1£ inch long, base nude, raceme very
short, rachis slightly thickened. Bracts minute ovate
acute. Pedicel and ovary longer. Perianth white T V
inch long. Sepals lanceolate obtuse. Petals elliptic
rather wider. Lip entire triangular ovate obtuse much
Jour. Straits Branch.
NEW Oil ItAUE MALAYAN PLANTS. 139
larger than tin* petals. Spur nearly as long as the
pedicel, pendulous clubbed. Column short. Anther
skull-shaped. Pollinia 4 hemispheric, pedicel slender
terete disc very long lanceolate acute, posticous end
rounded. Roslcllum elongate broad lanceolate.
Johore: Sungei Tehran (March 1907), Tenipayan
River; Selangor: Petaling Woods.
I have two or three, times come across this little orchid
in the woods fallen from the tops of the higher trees, but
never was fortunate enough to iind any trace of flowers
till I obtained one on a plant collected in the woods
bordering the Tebrau .River in Southern J oho re. The
single flower obtained is verv small and delicate but I
think 1 have made out its structure completely. The
plant seems to be intermediate between Sacrolabium and
TneniuphylliUH. The short stem, slender inflorescence
with persistent distichous bracts and flowers appearing
singly, and the pollen masses divided completely, are
characters of Taenia i>lnjl him, while the disc and pedicel
of the pollinia resemble those of a Sarcohibium. Since
writing the above I came across several specimens in the
Kukub forests Southern Johore, fallen from loftv trees
in flower in April.
Drndmcolla minium, n. sp.
Stem J inch long covered with oblong obtuse fleshy
leaves A inch Ion" bv A inch wide or less. Racemes
several .1 inch long, peduncles very short raceme length-
ening to nearly half an inch with crowded ovate acute
recurved bracts. Flowers very small £ inch long, ap-
parently pink. Upper sepal ovate, laterals ovate sub-
triangular larger. Petals shorter oblong. Lip with 2
appressed upper lobes linear oblong, below a spur as long
as the short peduncle elongate serotifonn rounded, mid-
lobe so short as to be concealed ljcncath the two side-lobes.
Column Mraight rather tall, no stelidia, rostellum ovate.
Anther skull-shaped truncate in front with a short
tooth vcllow.
R. A. Sue, No. $o, 1909.
140 NEW OK KAKE MALAYAN PLANTS.
Sarawak: Kuching (Hewitt).
A very odd little thing. The habit is quite that of a
Dcadrocolla, hut the lip is very curious, the side lobes
meet together in the middle line leaving only a slit as
an entrance to the spur: the main part of these is depress-
ed so as to form a llat disc, beneath is a minute midlobc.
The spur is more like that of a Saccolabium.
Saccolabium laxuw, n. sp.
Apparently a tall slender plant, upper part of stem
{ inch through, leaves lorate blunt unequally bilobed,
coriaceous. G indies long J inch wide. Panicle 18 inches
long lax dilTuse brandies 4-ti indies long. Flowers dis-
tant. Bracts ileshy triangular. Flowers numerous ^
inch long. Sepals oblong obtuse upper one slightly
hooded. Petals smaller linear oblong shorter and only
half as wide, greenish inside with a dull brown tinge.
Lip white inside lobes triangular lanceolate, midlobc sub-
cordate with a narrow base, flesh v blunt with a ileshv
central keel running down into the spur and forming
a partition, between the lateral lobes it is pubescent, but
in the spur and on the midlobc it is glabrous. Spur
1 inch long thick porrect, curved forwards parallel to
the midlobc or nearly *o, callus on the back of the spur
in the mouth, a raised tonguc-shaj)ed ridge fleshy grooved
down the centre and pubescent at the lower end. Col-
umn short and broad, with two short linear pubescent
stelidia, at the points where the lip is aduate to the
column. Anther broad front margin, broad truncate,
top of anther rounded grooved. Pollinia elliptic small,
grooved transversely below the middle, pedicel triangular
short, disc large ileshy saddle-shaped deeply bilid. Pos-
tellar arms short blunt widelv divaricate.
Sarawak: Matang, June 1007 (J. Hewitt).
This is one of the tiammt hits set of this genus, and
fccems very distinct. The abrupt forward curve of the
Jour. Strata Branch
.SEW OK RARE MALAYAN PLANTS. 141
thick spur reminds of the form of the lip in S. penung-
ianum, mine rum, etc. The form of the column and the
curious pollinia recalls that of $. rostcllatus, Ridl.
S. pi ui folium, n. sp.
A dwarf plant 1 inches tail, interuodes very short.
Leaves crowded erect, sheaths strongly grooved } inch
long, lamina terete acute 1£ inch long £ inch wide.
Raceme slender £ an inch long 2 or 3 flowered. Bracts
very small ovate. Flowers inch long from tip of
sepal to spur tip. SepaU, upper one ovate, blunt, laterals
broader ovate curved, strongly 3 nerved. Petals narrow-
er and shorter linear oblong, slightly dilated towards the
tip dull green with red centre. Lip shorter than sepals
bright yellow spur short scroti form, lateral lobes liner
subacute erect small, midlobe has tall acuminate, basal
lobes rounded <malh callus in spurmouth a small short
ridge, on back of spur a short cylindrie deciirved process.
Column rather tall. Anther broad, beak large ovate
triangular, pollinia not seen. Kostellar lobes very short.
Sarawak: Bidi (C. Brookes, eoiinn. J. Hewitt).
>'. strong ijl oi(l>\^ t n. sp.
Stem elongate x l a inch through. leaves terete recurv-
ed 4-5 inches long £ inch thick obtuse, sheaths 1 inch
long ribbed and closely transversely wrinkled. Raceme
5 inches long, flowers distant on pedicels £ inch long.
Bracts very small ovate acute. Sepals oblong ovate
broad and short, quite blunt. Petals broader almost
orbicular ovate. All yellow with red brown centre /^
inch long. Lip pale violet, lateral lobes linear obtuse
short apex *poon-shapcd mid-loin? hastate, narrow, basal
lol>es broad rounded larger than the side-lobes, tip narrow
obtu>e crenulate, thin, spur short thick blunt slightly
curved forward, lip ret use. In the centre of the mid-lobe
near the mouth of the spur is a depression edged by an
elevated V shaj>ed ridge in front, in the centre of the
depression a thin keel running down to form the spur
R. A. Soc., No. 50, iooB.
142 NEW OR RARE MALAYAN' PLANTS.
partition which is incomplete. Callus on the back of the
spur curved narrow, grooved, apex pubescent, mouth of
the spur pubescent. Column short, foot prolonged into
the spur in a short process. Anther broad with a narrow
straight margin. L'ollinia semiorbicular, with a very
broad thin pedicel subijuadrate with an acute tip, disc
fleshy apparently orange colored, saddle-shaped, back
rounded; rosteilar lol>es broad deflexed quadrate.
Sarawak: Kuching Feb. 1908 (J. E. Lewis, comra. J.
Hewitt).
Allied to S. Machadonis, Ridl. but with broader leaves,
rounded broad petals and sepals and a different callus.
Fodochilus rupicola, n. sp.
Tall stout tufted plant with long stems 2 feet long.
Lea\es elliptic 2 inches long J inch wide slightly narrow-
ed at base obtuse at tip. Inflorescence (>-8 inches long
pendulous, raceme 1.1-1 inches long slender. Bracts
small lanceolate deflexed, acute persistent. Flowers T y T)
inch long. Upper sepal ovate small, laterals large tri-
angular. Petals small oblong, mentuni gibbous wide.
Lip oblong apex bilobed lobes rounded, ba>e rounded,
with the liorse-shoe-shaped callus at the base and 2
parallel ridges on the limb. Fruit £ inch long fusiform.
Borneo, Sarawak: on rocks at Bidi (Kidlev 11792) ;
Batu (Hewitt).
Leucolcna ornala, Ridl.
I put this curious saprophytic orchid into the section
Kpidendreae of Orchids with some amount of doubt as
there was nothing at all which shewed anv affinity to the
plant in the section. Its appearance certainly suggested
that its affinities lav with the Xeottieae section among
which saprophytes are not at all uncommon. But in
the plants obtained in Bukit Sadanen in Malacca, I
found what appeared to be a distinct disc to the pollen
masses and the anther is not at all like that of most
Jour. Straits Branch.
NEW OR RARE MALAYAN PLANTS. 143
Neottieae. I have recently (April IT, 1907) rediscover-
ed the plant in Singapore, in dense forests by the side of
a stream at a spot formerly known as Stagmount, and
have thus had an opportunity of examining the plant
again. The Singapore plant di Iters from the ones found
in Malacca in having the lip nearly quadrate with a
central tooth and hardlv distinct I v bilobed, the limb
white and onlv the claw violet. The rostellum vcrv small
ft V
in the Malacca plant seems quite absent and the curved
sausage-shajK'd pale flesh-colored pollinia have no trace
of any disc at all. This plant was evidently destined to
be self- fertilised as the pollinia slip into the stigma with
the greatest ease. The filament so long in the Malacca
plant is quite short in the Singapore one. For the present
it may be preferable to consider the Singapore plant as a
variety, Singapomisis of the species.
Xow in the light on the plant shown by this variety,
we can more easilv determine its aftmitv, and that is I
think with the genus Gastrmlia, to which it is allied in
its stout rhizome, its connate perianth, (for the whole
of the perianth is connate at the base, though divided into
two lips, tme consisting of the sepal and two petals, the
other of the two lower sepals), and the form of the pol-
linia. (jnstrndifi differs in the almost completely tubular
flower, and the verv short stelidia.
Lcucolcna ornata var. Singaporcnsis.
Lip subquadrate with a median tooth hardly bilobed,
limb white, ba.M 1 violet. Kostellum quite absent. Pol-
linia free 1 with no disc. Filament of anther much
shorter.
Damp sandy woods on a stream bank at Stagmount.
Singapore, flowering in April 190 T.
ZlMiTHKKACKAK.
(it'Oilnuis, n. gen.
Creeping herbs with rather slender rhizomes throwing
up leafy stems and inflorescences at intervals. Leaves
R. A. Soc., No. 50, 1908.
144 NEW Ok RARE MALAYAN PLANTS.
elliptic lo lanceolate* shortly petiolod. Inflorescence on
a tall or short peduncle covered with long green sheaths,
raceme erect many flowered. Flowers orange or red very
shortly pedicelled. Bracts very small spathaceous. Ca-
lyx tubular triful, lobe* caudate eiliate. Petals as long
j-omewhat similar. Lip divply bifid into two narrowed
linear lobes base adnate to the corolla. Stamen iiiameut
broader than the anther involute forming a tube with the
lip, with two short subulate staminodes at the upper
angle. Anther broad oblong with an entire ovate ap-
pendage. Style stout. Stigma obcuneate curved sub-
bilobed. Stvlodes annulate lobed.
Johore, Sumatra and Borneo.
This genus though based on a plant obtained in Johore,
I think must include one at least and probably boih of
the plants ilr.M-rihed by Sehuman under the section (Jro-
rhm-is of Aljiuiia vis. .1. hinrrosfehtuii, Schumann of
Sumatra, and probably .1 i /tin in ilmuva, Ridley a New
(iiiiin'a plant. I have therefore adopted Schumann's
seetional names as a generic namc> for the.-e plants.
Schumann who included a great many and verv varied
plants in the genus Al/nn'w, noted the fact that both
the above mentioned plants resembled the genus /'/iv/f-
lio, and it is possible that -1. ih'rurw, Ridl. may belong
to that Papuan genus. I cannot sec any connection with
or resemblance to the plants of the genus Geostachyx,
as suggested by him.
G. aurantiaco, n. sp.
Rhizome J inch thick, leafy stems about 2 feet tall
swollen at the base, sheaths rugose closely brown hairy
blade a foot long IJ inches wide elliptic glabrous deep
green shining above, paler beneath, petiole J inch long
brown hairy. Peduncle of inflorescence 1 inch long,
covered with long loose deep green rugose sheaths.
Raceme .*> inches long, flowers crowded very shortly
stalked numerous. Bract > minute spathaceous. Calys
Jo-.ir. Straits Branch.
NEW OR RARE MALAYAN PLANTS. 145
tubular 3 lobed, lobes caudate hairy 1J inch long, glabrous
except at the cuspidate tip, orange. Corolla lobes
equally long linear oblong orange. Lip as long as the
anther, deeply split into two linear lobes for nearly all
its length lobes obtuse crimson with a yellow edge. An-
ther oblong pale yellowish with a small ovate crest, fila-
ment broad, edges involute towards the lip and forming
a tube with it, pinkish yellow, with two subulate points
at the top near the anther. Stylodcs forming a shortly
3 lobed pale violet ring. Style stout, stigma obcuneate,
upper lip longer than the lower and incurved. Base of
filament in the tube with a large tuft of silky hairs.
Ovules numerous.
Johore: In thick low swampy forest at Kukub. In
bud April 1008. Borneo, Sarawak: Bidi (Hewitt Aug.
1907).
This remarkable plant seems most nearly allied to the
genus Kicdelia which is confined to the Papuasian region
of the Archipelago.
The separate inflorescence and the corolla-like sepals
are very remarkable points of difference, and the broad
involuted filament forming a tube with the lip though
free from it is very curious. I only found one plant of
it in bud.
The woods in which this plant occurs are remarkable
in inanv wavs. The soil consists of nothing but dead
and rotten timl)er and vegetable debris, for a very con-
siderable depth, below and in other parts of the estate
there is a great deal of a very greasy stiff clay.
The presence of recognisable fruits of the Xipa palm
show that this part of the coast was marine at no very
distant period. The mangrove swamps and tidal streams
seem to have receded and been covered up with a dense
wet forest, containing a somewhat peculiar flora. The
trees are of very large size, Cumjxma Malaccensis
being very abundant. The absence of Nephrodiums
Lastreas and such ferns is very striking, and indeed the
&. A. Soc., No. 50, WA
* 10 •
146 NEW OR RAKE MALAYAN PLANTS.
terrestrial ferns common in the elavev woods of Sine:-
apore and the greater part of the Singapore flora is not
represented, except in the matter of epiphytes. Calanthc
veralrifolia. A very tine form with unusually grey leaves,
Lvphlogyiu 1 lun gi ful in otherwise only known from Penara
liukit in Penang, Cystorclii* purpunw-ens, Plocoglottis
javaiiira, Xcphrlaphyllum pulrkrum were among the ter-
restrial orchids. In some spots the preponderance of
Monocotyledon* over Dicotvledons was verv marked.
«• •• •»
Tims some parts of the forests consisted of Phrynium
wnhirceiixe and Ph. hirluin, Panax grand is, Alpitiia
laclanncarpa, Phiyioslachy* al hi flora n. sp., with several
other Ziiujibcrarvac not in iiower. Zalavca conferta and
Wa/lichiana ; one or two species of Pacmunorops, Cala-
nuw pcnrillnlus and several species of Pinonga, and
Xvngu Weml/unrfiuua, Omvspcrnia figillaria and Pholi-
dncar pus Khigimuts a few tree ferns, and some large
dicotyledonous trees, formed the rest of the flora. Schis-
malughtlh Wallidiii often in great abundance, Alocnsin
longiluba, Iluiualoniena rostra la represent the aroids.
The immense mass of vegetable debris forming the soil
to a considerable depth, without any apparent mixture
of mineral matter, not a pebble or fragment of stone
being visible over the whole of this area, suggests that
the tertiary coal deposit* of .Borneo and Labium have had
some such origin as this.
G. rubra, n. sp.
Jihi/ome slender with strong rather stout roots. Stem
slender 14 inches long £ inch through. Leaves narrow
lanceolate caudate tapering gradually at the base to a
short petiole, glabrous above, pubescent on the hack es-
pecially on the mid-rib ( J inches long 1-J inch wide, ligule
oblong rounded entire, sheaths ribbed with transverse
ribs. Kaeeme iM5 inches long erect from the rhizome,
on a short peduncle 1-11 inch long covered with lax
sheaths. Flowers red, on slender erect pedicels 1 inch
long. Bracts very small ovate pubescent. Calyx i inch
Jour. Strata Brined
NEW OR RARE MALAYAN PLANTS. 147
long with throe triangular caudate lobes. Corolla tube
but little longer, lobes linear oblong obtuse slightly
pubescent and hooded at the tip. Lip deeply bifid into
two narrow linear blunt lobes for half its length basal
portion linear with a strong median keel, free from the
filament except near the base. Anther oblong curved,
with the cells slightly diverging at the tip, appendage
very short rounded ovate, filament below the anther for
some way linear flat fleshy, then winged widely with the
staminodes in the form of two short triangular subulate
processes. Style and stigma about as long as to the tip
of the appendage.
Borneo, Sarawak: at Quop (Hewitt, March 1908).
Flowers red.
This specie? differs from the preceding in its much
smaller size, short racemes of long pedicelled flowers, and
colour. The wings of the filaments, evident! v the at-
taehed staminodes do not reach as high in this species as
in the other, where they are adnate to the anther. The
lip is not split so far down and is free for a longer dis-
tance.
A/pinia vittata, TTort. Bull. Nicholson (lard. Diet. 54. pi. 63.
Cost us Zebrinu*, Ilort.
Stems rather .slender about G feet tall, leaf v. Leaves
lanceolate acuminate glabrous narrowed at the base not
jM'tioled, fifteen inches long and three inches across, green
strijK'd longitudinally with white, ligule short entire
truncate edges ciliate, pink. Kacemc terminal many
flowered, :> inches long rather lax, rachis white. Bracts
about seven not imbricate, elliptic rounded at the top
hardly narrowed at the base, glabrous pink half an inch
long and wide, shortly mucronate. with a scarious edge.
Flowers 1 to each bract white. Ovary glabrous obovoid
\ inch long polished. Calyx tubular J inch long, shortly
split on one side, with three short teeth on the other.
Corolla tulie hardly longer than the calyx lobes oblong
half an inch long, truncate hooded not expanding, all
R. A. Soc., No. 50, I9°8.
148 NEW OR RARE MALAYAN PLANTS.
white. Lip as long oblong fleshy slightly tapering to the
blunt tip, concave with a median depressed line quite
entire except that occasionally there is a short tooth on
one side. Filament of stamen adnate lx>low the anther
to the lip and forming a tube with it. Anther cells ob-
long white narrow. Connective very thick fleshy ending
above in an irregularly dentate thick appendage. Style
shorter than connective. Stigma thick and wide with a
transverse slit. Stylodes fonning a complete circle with
numerous vertical grooves.
New Ireland (Micholitz).
This plant has long been in cultivation for its orna-
mental foliage. I saw it in Ceylon Botanic Gardens in
1888, and it appears to have been introduced before that.
It was named Castus zebrinm in Ceylon. Probably
Alpinia albolineata, Williams Cat. 1880 is the same
tiling. The flowers do not appear to have ever been
described nor lias any proper description of the plant
ever been published. It is only mentioned in Schumann's
v. Saturn ineae in the P//anzenrcieh. It is best I think to
refer it to the genus Alpinia though it differs from
typical species of that genus in the entire lip of the same
shape as the corolla lobes but more fleshy, and the pro-
longation of the very thick connective into a crest behind
the anther, and the lip connate with the filament up to
the anther.
A. grandiceps, n. sp.
A stout plant, stem over J inch through. Leaves ob-
long lanceolate caudate acuminate, base long acuminate
into a distinct petiole, blade 00 inches long, petiole 4
inches long subtercte, width of blade 3 inches finely
appressed pubescent on both surfaces, petiole pubescent,
ligule oblong 3 inches long hairy on the edge, sheath
pubescent. Capitulum subterminal 4 Inches through
nodding, outer bracts lanceolate acuminate papery 4
inches long, ribbed pubescent, edges silky hairy, ovate.
Jour. Straits Branch.
NEW OR RARE MALAYAN PLANTS. 149
Floral bracts tubular bilobed, lobes ovate triangular,
strongly ribbed pubescent, containing 5 flowers, inner
ones contained in similar but smaller bracteolcs. Calyx
broad tubular 3 lobed, lobes ovate subobtuse, half an inch
long apparently red. Corolla tube hardly longer, lobes
broadly oblong keeled, upper one hooded yellow. Lip
rather longer cymbiform edge crisped and curled, fleshy
" veined with red brown 1k?1ow the throat." Stamen
rather short, filament broad linear, anther lobes thick
and fleshy unappendaged. Fruit capitulum very large,
six inches through. Capsule glabrous hairy an inch
long, crowned with the persistent calyx tube.
Sarawak: Kuching (Hewitt).
This fine plant is closely allied to Alpinia capitellata,
Jack, and A. javanica, Bl. but a very much larger plant.
Zingiber longipedunculatum , n. sp.
Stem stout. leaves lanceolate acuminate caudate
narrowed to the base, widest about the middle, slightly
puliescent at the base otherwise glabrous 12 inches long
2 inches wide, ligule rounded } inch long pulx\scent,
sheath 4 inches long pubescent. Scape peduncle 12
inches long stout covered with oblong truncate sheaths
tubular at the base 2 inches long, about 5. Spike cylin-
dric acuminate, base not narrowed, inches long 1 inch
through. Bracts ovate obtuse with a scarious edge, pu-
bescent, I inch long £ inch wide. Corolla tuln? thick,
1o1m?s lanceolate acuminate acute J inch long. Lip broad.
Stamen hardly longer than corolla. Anther thick, ap-
pendage, curved narrowed to a long point. Style stout,
stigma broad flattened triangular with long hairs on the
edge.
Sarawak (J. Hewitt).
Z. chryscum, n. sp.
Stems tufted alxwt G feet tall stout. leaves oblong
lanceolate caudate dark green paler beneatli glabrous,
R. A. Soc., No. 50. 1906.
1 50 NEW OR RARE MALAYAN PLANTS.
base rounded broad, sessile, IS inches long, 3$ to 4 inches
wide, ligule very short rounded entire. Flower spikes
cylindrie acuminate, ? inches long on a peduncle of the
same length covered with loose sheaths, all bright lemon
yellow. Bracts J to J- an inch across, rounded glabrous.
Inner bracts oblong acute 2 inches long. Calyx spatha-
ceous entire, mouth obliquely elliptic 1 inch long. Co-
rolla tube 2 inches long, lobes lanceolate acuminate over
an inch long creamy white. Lip trilobed, side lobes erect
rounded, mid-lobe oblong obtuse entire, the same colour
as the petals and nearly an inch long. Anther an inch
long with the long curved appendage.
Singapore: Stagmount, in thick woods. In flower
April 1908.
This superb species was certainly quite a surprise.
1 had many limes explored the Stagmount woods, but had
never came across this plant although I had been several
times close to where this time \ discovered it. It belongs
to the same group as Z. <jra<ih\ .lack, and Z. Griffith ii,
but is very distinct in it> brilliant yellow spikes, those of"
all the others of this group being pinkish red. It. is
much larger in all its parts than any other species of this
section here except Z. jmbrrnla, Hidl. which rivals it in
height of stems at least. In flower spike and flower this
plant is bigger than any of this section. Its deep green
shining leaves and the numerous bright yellow spikes
make it the most attractive of its group.
Phujiusfachyfi albi flora, n. sp.
A t lifted plant about six feet tall. Stems several
rather swollen at th ebase and reddish, -J an inch through.
Leaves lanceolate caudate narrowed at the base to the
petiole, Y.\ inches long .1 inches wide, glabrous, petiole
2 inches long, ligule j inch long deeply eleft into two
rounded lobes. Spikes from near the base of the stems
oblong obtuse, solitary or three together 2 inches long,
1J inch thick. Flowers densely crowded. Bracts ob-
Jour. Straits Branch.
NEW OK RAKE MALAYAN PLANTS. 151
long pectinate, as long as the calyx tube pink at the base,
brown above. Calyx lobes unequal acute ovate very thick
and fleshy. Petals lanceolate acute, the upjHT one howl-
ed white tipped with pink. Lip obovate hairy at the base
apex bifid with two short points, bright yellow with
horizontal red streaks running from the edges inwards
towards the centre. Stamen white, anther broad pubes-
cent at the base, filament* broad. Staminodia not visi-
ble. Stylodes as in PL laleralis but with several distinct
lobes. Fruit elliptic obovate obscurely triquetrous, apex
flat depressed with a circular scar of the perianth, dull
red pulpy at iirst \ inch long, pericarp becoming even-
tually leathery. ;J celled. Seeds 12 very small J inch long
black ovate smooth.
•lohore: I>en>e wet woods at Kukub. In flower April
mos.
Altogether smaller than PL ftifrralitt. Kidl. with white
flowers, and a differently shaped lip yellow marked with
red. The inflorescence is lower down on the stem and
quite near the base.
Talma e.
PhrtocoHiiii minor, n. sp.
I^caf as sent 1 feet long, petiole 8 inches, flagellum 2
feet, sheath with a few small thorns on the ^(\^', thorns
acicular J inch long, petiole with a few distant short
thorns, back rounded channelled above; leaflets elliptic
lanceolate in threes below in alternate pairs above, base
narowed subpetioluled, apex with a long slender point,
many nerved, no distinct mid-nerve, -1-0' inches long 2
inches aeros> filiform point 3 inches long or less, rachis
with distant solitary hooks, flagellum with clusters of
hooks 1 inch apart. Fruit spikes 2 feet long. Bracts
oblong apex blunt 2 inches long 1 J inch wide. Kachis
pul)cscent. Fruit 'J-l in a bract as large as in P. elong-
ala. Bracteole triangular lanceolate. Pedicel stout
angled distinct. Sepals large ovate obtuse. Petals
R. A. Sod No. 50, 1906.
I NEW OH RAKE MALAYAN PLANTS.
narrow lunccolate Kmallcr. Fruit auhglolioae L»n ■
stales dark brown longer than broad acuti'. li
hairy wlgea ami tip, tip 1 mil's elongate up-turned.
Sarawak: Santoboag (Hewitt).
A remarkably small ipo >■■ for this :■ am o
rattan*.
■utiittihiis tli*r,,!„r. Beco.
Mr. Hewitt scads the termination nf u tUail with
sputhc and >|m<ii\ of «!ial appears to be Ihi*
The rtem U little armed. The bu<9 surrounded by u dry
brown iheath lanceolate over a foot long and 3
wide, acuminate. The young leaf lias a bIoiiI
With llOOfcM in LlirCCC, unil tlll'lr ;mv l\vo Iki^i'lh ■■
bearing one or two abortive leaileU at the bawj, I
then xlundcr sad without leaflet*. Snathe 18 in<
lanceolate ending in two long stiff points, smooth brown
about i inches acrroHv. Spedis 9 tnc-hei much brandntl
with slender branches and distant Rowera. Spathah
small dilate upwards with a short lanceolate lini
sauccr-ahaped with three Bhort points. Petals mate stiff
connate at base, largo. Ovary covered with bri
toning seata?.
Sarawak: Batu (Hewitt). This plant tuterto baa only
been known titan a leaf obtained at Kuehing. Tim
flowers have not pnsvisualy been mat tdbed.
Jo ik. 5itiin Brine*.
[No. 51]
AN INDEX
To Journals Nos. 1 to 50
OF THE
Straits Branch
OF THE
Royal Asiatic Society
AND TO
Notes and Queries I to IV.
Compiled by
WARREN D. BARNES,
A J'ice President of the Society,
SINGAPORE:
Prixtkd at the Methodist Publish int. House,
1909.
PREFACE.
The full title of each pa]>er is given in the reference under
the author's name. Abbreviated titles are usually used in
other references.
No attempt has been made to compile a subject-index ;
references to papers dealing with the following subjects have,
however, been collected under the appropriate headings: —
Archaeology
Bibliography
History
Maps
Borneo
China and Chinese
Johorc
Malacca
Negri Sembilan
Pahang
Penang
Perak
Selangor
Siam and Siamese
Singa))ore
Sumatra
Botany
Rubber
Zoology
Entomology
Mammals
Ornithology
Reptiles
Snakes
Tiger
Geology and Mineralogy
Meteorology
Malay Customs and Amusements
Malay Language and Literature
Malay Law
Malay Legends and Traditions
Malay Religion and Superstition
Wild Tribes of Malay Peninsula
Vocabularies
IV
The dates of publication of the Societies' journals, &c, are
as follows : —
Vols.
I
July 1878 Vols. XXVII
October
1894
II
December 1878 ?
XXVIII
August
1895
III
July 1879
XXIX
July
1896
IV
December 1879
XXX
July
1897
V
June 1880
XXXI
July
1898
VI
December 1880
XXXII
June
1899
VII
June 1881
XXXIII
January
1900
VIII
December 1881
XXXIV
July
1900
IX
June 1882
XXXV
January
1901
x>
' December 1882
XXXVI
July
1901
XI
June 1883
XXXVII
January
1902
XII
December 1883
XXXVIII
July
1902
XIII
June 1884
XXXIX
June
1903
XIV
December 1884
XL
June
1904
XV
June 1885
XLI
January
1904
XVI
December 1885
XLII
Feb.
1905
XVII
June 1886
XLIII
April
1905
XVIII
December 1886
XLIV
July
1905
XIX
1887
XLV
June
1906
XX
1889
XLVI
Dec.
1906
XXI
June 1890
XLV1I
Sept.
1906
XXII
December 1890
XLVIII
June
1907
XXIII
June 1891
XLIX
Dec.
1907
XXIV
December 1891
L
Sept.
1908
XXV
January 1894
XXVI
do.
Notes ai:
id Queries Part 1
December 1884
»>
II
June 1885
♦»
III
December 1885
>»
IV
June 1886
W. D. E
I.
Singapore, '2. 11. OS.
INDBX.
to
Journals I. to L. of 5. ft. R. A. 5.
and to
Notes and Queries I. to IV.
Abbott, 1)k.
Human linages among the (Jiang Mantong, XLI. 128-
129.
Bark Canoes among Jakuns and Dvaks (with plate),
XLIX. lOJMiO.
Aeluvn
Geography of (translation), III. 120-123.
Acheh, it. l\ Tolson. V. rtt-oO.
Letter of King of Aehin to James II., W. K. Maxwell,
X and Q, III. <>:i.
A< Id ress
(Inaugural , 18*8), Ven'hle Arehdeaeon Hose, D.D.,
I. 1-12.
President's Annual . Veiflde Archdeacon Hose,
D.i>., II. 1-4 ; IV. xix-xxii.
Anamha Islands
See Kloss.
Annamese
Ancestral Worship, .1. <J. Scott, XV. KM-1T1.
Ants
On hahits of Caringa, II. X. Kidlcv. XXII. JU.V.'M;.
Nesting of silk-weaving . li. Slid ford, XLV. 281-
tsr>.
Jour. Straits Branch R.A. Soc., No. Si. 1909
2 INDEX.
Apes
Anatomical Notes on Malay (with diagrams and
illustrations), Dr. A. Kei'tli, XXIII. 77-89.
Archaoologv
Antiquities of Province Wellesley, W. E. Maxwell, I.
114.
Stone Implement found in Singapore, If. X. Bidlev,
XX11I. 141-142.
r riie Stone Age in IVrak, A. Hale, X and Q, III. 02.
Malayan Antiquities. A. II. Keane, X and Q. III. 88-1) 1.
A Buddhist Votive Tablet. <\ (). Blagilen, XXXIX. 205-
20(5.
Some old Sanskrit inscriptions in the Malav Peninsula,
Prof. II. Keen, XL1X. 1)5-101.
Armenian
Inscription. X and Q. II. 57-58.
Aroids
Of Borneo. II. X. Ridlev, XLIV. 169-188.
Baboon
TIu» Pak Si Bairok and the Girl, G. M. Laidlaw,
XliVI. 65-; 1.
Balanophora
A new from Tenimbor Islands, II. X. Ridley,
xxxix. 2or.
Bamboo
Japanese folklore concerning the prince and princess of
bv \Y. K. Maxwell, XVII I. 357-358.
■
Banana
Flowering (plate), X. B. I). Dennys, IX. 163.
Banin^tonia racemosa
On the flowering of , II. X. Bidley, XLI. 125-126.
Additional note on above, II. X. Bidley, XLVI. 263.
Jour. Straits Branch
INDEX. 3
Haktlktt, Kdwakd
The Crocodile and Lizards of Borneo in the Sarawak
Museum with descriptions of supposed new species
and the variation of colours in the several species
during lift., XXVIII. ;:i-97.
BaHNKS. W. D.
Notes on a trip to (lunong Henom in Pahang, XXXIX.
1-10.
Abstract of I*. \Y. SchmidtV, the Sakai and Scmaiig
Languages in the Malay Peninsula and their relation
to the Mon-K Inner Languages. XXXIX. :»8- !.">.
Translation of Prof. Kern's Sanskrit Inscriptions in
Malay Peninsula, XLIX. !>.V101.
Jlaskct making
at Tanjong Kling, Malacca, with five plates, Mrs.
Bland. XLVI. 1-S.
Bat
White-winded in Singapore, II. X. Ridley, XXXI.
101.
s in a Bamboo. II. X. Ridlev, L. 10:5-104.
Batam
Visits to Island. ('. linden Kloss, L. (>l-7l.
liatara (iuru
R. .1. Wilkinson, XXX. 307.
liatu Kodok
I). F. A. llervev, XI. 1<>7.
Begonias
of Borneo, II. X. Ridley, XLVI. 217-201.
Benzoin
R. .1. Wilkinson, XXX. 30(5.
lies is i
See Wild Tribes.
Bezoar-stone
See (iiiliga.
R. A. Soc, No. 51. 1909.
4 INDEX.
Bibliography
Contribution of Mala van , X. B. Dennvs, V. 69-
123; VI. 225-2T2. *
of Malava, Jan. 1888 — June 1890, C. Davies Sher-
borne, XXII. 349-428; XXIV. 121-1G4; XXVI. 219-
200; XX VII. 133-175; XXIX. 33-74.
of Siam bv E. M. Satow, XVII. 1-85; XVlll. 103-
189.
of papers on Christmas Inland, H. X. Kidley,
XXI11. 140.
Bikin
W. C, XXXII. 217.
Bjhcii, E. \V.
Vernaeular Press in the Straits, IV. 51-55.
The Election and Installation of Tungku Muhammad,
r.M.o. bin Tungku Antah, as the Yang di per Tuan
Besar, Negri Scmbilan, XLVl. 9-22.
Birds
See Ornithology.
Bla(;di:n\ C. Otto.
Earlv Indo-Chinese influence in the Malar Peninsula,
XXVII. 21-50.
Xotes on the Folk-lore and popular religion of the
Malavs, XXIX. 1-12.
An account of the cultivation of Kice in Malacca.
(Malay text — ronianised — bv Inche Muhammad Ja'far
with translation bv C. 0. H.), XXX. 285-304.
The name ' Malavu/ XXXII. 211-21:5.
Dialects of the Malav Peninsula, XXXVII. 141-142.
A Ma la van Element in some of the Languages of South-
ern lndo-China, XXXVIII. 1-27.
The Comparative Philology of the Sakai and Semang
Dialects of the Malay Peninsula — A Review, XXXIX.
1 i -Go.
Jour. Straits Branch
INDEX. 6
Blaudkn, C. Otto.
A Buddhist Votive Tablet (found in Kedah), XXXIX.
205-206.
Dr. Brandstet tor's Mala vo- Polynesian Bcsearches: an
appreciation, XLll. 211-21G.
Curriculum of a Course in Malav in Paris, L. 81-83.
Bland, R. N.
Currency (Negri Sembilan), XVI IF. 35('-357
Notes on Kavu Gharu, XVI II. 359-361.
Aturan Sungei Unjong, XX VI 1 1. 53-72.
Keview of Dr. A. B. Mayer's Negritos, XXXIV. 35-38.
Arthur W. S. O'Sullivan. In Memoriam, XL1. J
Hunting Invocations, XL1I. l!)-22.
Bland, Mks.
Malacca Lace with 4 plates, XLV. 273-277.
A few notes on the k * An vain Gila " Basket Making at
Tanjong Kling. Malacca; with tiw Plates, XLV1. 1-8.
Boriah
II. T. Haughton, XXX. 313.
Borneo
I'etara or Sea Dvak gods, Rev. J. Perham, VII I. 133-
152.
Sea Dvak Religion, Rev. J. Perham, X. 213-213; XIV.
287-304.
Manangism in (Witch-doctors), Rev. J. Perham,
XLV X7-103.
Two Sea Dvak Legends, Rev. Edwin H. Gomes, XLI.
1-2!).
Another Sea Dvak legend, Bev. E. H. Gomes, XLV. 71-
83.
British North , E. P. Gueritz, XIV. 323-335.
Ancient Chinese Colon v in North , ' M. S." X and
(J, II. 31-32.
North . Land Begulations, XV. 158-1G3.
R. A. Soc., No. si. 1909-
6 INDEX.
Borneo.
Land Tenure in North . X and Q, II. 58.
The Coalfield, Rev. J. E. Tenison-woods, N and Q,
III. 84-87.
British , W. H. Treacher, XX. 13-74; XXI. 19-
121.
The Malingkote in in June 1891, XXVI. 204.
Vocabulary of Dusun Language of Kimanis, XXX. 1-29.
Contents of a Dvak medicine chest, lit. Rev. (J. F. Hose,
».i>., XX XIX. <m-70.
Methods of computing time for planting, Dr. Charles
Hose, XL! I. l-r> and 209.
Report on exploration of caves of , A. Hart Everett.
vi. 2:3-28;.
Tawaran and Putatan Rivers hv 8. Elphinstone Dai-
ry m pie, XIII. 2(U-2;2.
Expedition to Mt. Kinahalu with summary of scientific-
results and four plates — three reptiles, 1 frog, 1 fish,
R. Hanitseh, XXXIV. 49-88.
A trip to Mt. Penrissen, Sarawak by R. S. Shelford (with
lists of mammals, birds, plants and ferns collected),
XXXIII. 1-2G.
Ferns of , Rt. Rev. (J. D. Hose, D.D., XXXII. 31-
84.
Aroids of , II. X. Ridley. XLIV. 1G9-188.
List of Birds of by A. H. Everett, XX. 91-212.
Crocodiles and Lizards of in Sarawak Museums bv
E. Bartlett, XXVIII. 73-9;.
List or Reptiles of , R. Shelford, XXXV. 43-(>8.
Addenda and Corrigenda, XXXVI 1 1. 133-13:>.
List of Butterflies of , R. Shelford, Part I, XLI.
81-111 : Part II, XLV. 89-120.
Butterflies of Mt. Penrissen Sarawak, R. Shelford,
XXXV. 29-42.
Jour. Straits Branch
INDEX. 7
Borneo.
Description of new Jungle-fowl said to come from
by H. J. Kelsall, XXIV. 167-168.
A large mias in Singapore, XXIV. 168-169.
Xew species of Chalcis from , C. Cameron, XLII.
52.
Notes on fossil tooth from Bau, Upper Sarawak, R. S.
Shelford, XXX II. 218-219.
Grasses and Sedges of , H. N. Ridlev, XLVI. 215-
228.
Scitamineae of . H. X. Ridley, XLVI. 229-246.
Begonias of . H. X. Ridley. XLVI. 229-246.
Xew species of Hvmenoptera from , 1\ Cameron,
XLVI 1 1. 1-26. *
On tallv sticks and strings from , Dr. Hose and
J. Hewitt. XLIX. MO.
Journey into interior of (with sketch-map), R. S.
Douglas, XLIX. 53-62.
Bark Canoes among Jakuns and Dyaks (with plate),
Dr. W. L. Abbott. XLIX. 109-lli).
Tin and lead coins from Brunei (with plate), Dr. R.
Hanitseh, XLIX. 111-114.
Two new species of Cicindela from , Dr. W. Hoen,
L. 9:5-104.
See Sarawak, Brunei. Dyaks.
Bo ro Budur
K u ins of , Bishop Hose ? VI. 203-223.
Botany
Xote on I poh tree, Perak, VIII. 161.
The lpoh Tree, L. Wray, X and Q, III. 61-62.
Daun Senguru, C. C. S., X and Q. I. 5.
(Jutta Juices. X. B. Dennys, X and Q, I. 5.
and Malay (names of plants). Rev. B. Seorte-
chini, XVI. 413-415.
R. A. Soc.. No. 51. 1909.
8 INDEX.
Botany.
The Bringal, < G. H. ? X and Q, IV. 97.
< Ketiar/ W. K. Maxwell, X and Q, IV. 97-98.
Xotes on Economic Plants, X. Cantlev, XVII T. 295-
334.
Xotes on Kayu Oharu, R. X. Bland, XVIII. 359-361.
Oaru and Chandan, H. X. Ridley, XXXV. 73-82.
Destruction of Coconut palms bv beetles, H. X. Ridlev,
XX. 1-11.
List of Animals and Plants recorded from Christmas
Island, H. X. Ridley, XXI II. 130-136.
Burmanniaceae of Malav Peninsula, H. X. Ridlev, XXTI.
321-339.
Tiger's Milk (Susu Rimau) of Malava, H. X. Ridley,
XXII. 321-339.
Further Xote, H. X. Ridley, XXXIV. 101.
Note on Matonia Pectinata in Carimons, H. X. Ridlev,
XX II. 430.
Xote on Mosquito larvae in pitchers of Xcpenthes, H. X.
Kidlev, XX If. 430.
•
(J rasses and Sedges of Malav Peninsula. H. X. Ridlev,
XXIII. 1-33.
Plants collected at Bukit Ktam Selangor, H. J. Kel-
sall, k.k.: H. X. Ridlev, XXIII. 72-75.
Rhododendron in Singapore, H. X. Ridley, XXIII. 144-
146.
Pogonia Punctata Bl. in Singapore, H. X". Ridlev,
XXI II. 146-147.
A Note on Rengas-poisoning, Dr. \V. C. Brown, XXIV.
N3-S5.
IVtrosavia in Pcrak, H. X. R.. XXIV. 170-172.
On the dispersion of seeds bv mammals, H. X. Ridlev,
XXV. 11-32.
Vegetation of Pahang. H. X. Ridley, XXV. 49-56.
Jour. Straits Branch
INDEX. ,-g
Botanv.
Catalogue of flowering plants and ferns found wild in
Penang Island, C. Curtis, XXV. 67-163.
Botanists of Penang, II. X. Ridley, XXV. 165-167.
Large beetle caught in pitcher of Nepenthes, XXV. 172.
List of Plants collected by Lake and Kelsall during trips
across J oh ore, XXVI. 25-33.
Camphor-Tree and Camphor Language of Johore, H. W.
Lake and H. J. Kelsall, it. a. with note by H. X. Ridley,
XXVI. 35-56.
Stick-Insects destroying orchids, H. X. Ridlev, XXVI.
204.
Malay Plant Names, H. X. Ridley, XXX. 32-283.
Malav Plant Xames, TL X. Ridley and C. Curtis,
XXXVI IT. 39-122.
Calanthc vestita Lindl. in Selangor, H. X. Ridlev,
XXX. 311-312.
Peliosanthes of the Malav Peninsula, H. X. Ridlev,
XXXI. 91-9S.
Ferns of Borneo, Rt. Rev. (J. F. Hose, n.n., XXXII.
31-N4.
Scitiimineae of Malav Peninsula, H. X. Ridlev, XXXII.
S5-184.
Some new Eastern (lingers, (Addendum to last paper),
II. X. Ridley, XXXIV. 97-99.
Note on Malayan (fingers. H. X. Ridley, XXXTV. 99-
100.
Note on Plants collected at Fenrissen Sarawak bv R. S.
Shelford, H. X. Ridlev. XXXIll. 22-24.
List of Ferns of lVnrisscn Sarawak. Rt. Rev. (?. F. Hose,
n.i)., XXXI II. 25-26.
The Flora of Singapore, H. X. Ridley, XXXI II. 27-196.
Supplementary Notes on the F'lora of Singapore, H. X.
Ridlev. XXXIV. 81-90.
«
R. A. Soc.. No. 51. 1909-
1 INDEX.
Botany.
A Botanical Excursion to Kedah Perak, H. X. Ridley,
XXXIV. 23-30.
Dammar and Wood oil, H. X. Ridley, XXXIV. 89-94.
The Flora of Mt. Ophir, H. X. Ridley, XXXV. 1-28.
Gam and Chandan, H. X. Ridley, XXXV. 73-82.
Silk and Cotton dveing by Malays, W. W. Skeat,
XXXV11I. 123-137.
List of Plants collected on Gunong Benom Pahang, H.
X. Ridley, XXXIX. 10-18.
New Malav Orchids, H. X. Ridley, XXXIX. 71-87.
A new Balanophora from Teninil>er Islands, XXXIX.
207.
New Malayan Plants. H. X. Ridley, XLI. 31-51 ; XLIV.
189-211': XLIX. 11-52; L. 111-152.
On the flowering of Barringtonia racemosa, II. X. Ridley.
XLI. 125-12<>.
Additional note to ahoye, XLVI. 263.
The (Jesneraccae of the Malay Peninsula. H. X. Ridley.
XLIV. 1-92.
The Aroids of Borneo. II. X. l?idle\\ XLIV. 1G9-1SS.
%
On the fertilisation of Granmiatoplivllum. H. X. Ridley.
XLIV. 22S-229.
The Botany of Christmas Island. H. X. Ridley, XLV.
15n-2;i.
Grasses and Sedges of Borneo, H. X. Ridley, XLVI.
215-22*.
Seitamineae of Borneo, \\. X. Ridley, XLVI. 229-24(5.
Begonias of Borneo. II. X. Kidley, XLVI. 247-2<>l.
A list of the Ferns of the Malay Peninsula. H. X. Ridley.
L. 1-59.
Hats in a Bamboo, ||. X. Ridley, L. 103-104.
The Labiates of the Malay IVnisula, H. X. Ridley. L.
105-107.
Jour. Straits Branch
INDEX. 11
Botanv.
Christmas Island Flora, additional notes, XLVIIl. 107-
108.
See Banana, Gutta-percha. Rubber, Koenig.
Bott. D«. \V., F.C.S.
The Thermal springs of Selangor and Malacca, XXIV.
43-62.
The alleged discovery of Mercury in Malacca, XXIV.
79-82.
Brandstetter, Dr.
Malayo-Polvncsian Researches of ; an appreciation,
CO. Blagden, LI I. 211-210.
Brown, \Y. C, m.d.
A Note on Rengas poisoning, XXIV. 83-85.
Brunei
Selesilah (Book of descent) of Rajas of Brunei, Sir
Hugh Low, V. 1-35.
(ienealogv of Royal family of , \V. H. Treacher,
XV. 7!>-80.
Tablet at dated 1004, V. 32-35.
.Journal of trip from Sarawak to Meri 18)2, X. Pcnison,
X. 173-188.
See British Borneo hv \Y. H. Treacher, XX. 13-74; XXI.
10-121.
List of Brunei — Malay words, H. S. Havnes, XXX IV.
30-48.
Tin and Lead Coins from . R. llanitsch, XLIX.
111-114.
Buddhist
Votive Tablet. C. O. Blagden, XXXIX. 205-200.
1 > 1 1 k i t Ktam
Trip to , 11. J. Kelsall. U.K., XXIII. 07-75.
R. A. Soc., No. 5i, 1909.
12 TNDEX.
Burbidgk, F. W.
Xotcs on Gutta perclm and caoutchouc-yielding trees,
III. 52-59.
Correction to above, IV. til.
Burma nniaceae
— of Malay Peninsula, H. X. Ridley, XXII. 341-344.
Bl'TLKR, A. L.
Birds collected and observed on the Lanit Hills Perak in
March and April 1898, XXXII. 9-30.
The Birds of the Larut Hills, XXXIV. 99.
Remarks on the Rhinoceros Hornbill (Buceros rhin-
oceros) and some other species mentioned in Mr. IS id-
lev's paper on the birds of the Botanical Gardens,
XXXII. 215-217.
On the occurrence of Mus surifer (G. S. Miller) in
PerakyXXXVI. 137.
Calanthe vestita Lindl.
in Selangor bv H. X. Ridlev, 311-312.
Calogramma festiva (Walk)
II. X. Ridley, XXXV. 82-83.
•
Cambodia
French Land Decree in , YV. K. Maxwell, XV. 81-
92.
Journev through Laos from Bangkok to Vbon LSS4,
G. Oabin, XV. 103-117.
Camkkox, P.
On the Hvmcnoptera collected bv Mr. Robert Shelfonl at
• I •
Sarawak and on the llvmenoptera of the Sarawak
Museum. XXXVII. S'l-UO; XXXIX. S9-1S1 ;
XLIV. 93-1 (JS.
Krrata, XLL 121.
A Fourth contribution to the knowledge of the llvmenop-
tera of Sarawak, XLVL 103-123.
Jour. Straits Branch
INDEX. 1 3
Camerox, P.
On some Hvmenoptera from the Baffles Museum, Sing-
apore, XL. 119-12:*.
New species of Chalcis from Borneo, XLIL 52.
Description of new specie* of Iphiaulax and Chaoha
(Braeonidae) from Sarawak, Borneo, XLIL 23-51.
Krrata, XLIV. 229-230.
Xew species of Hvmenoptera from Borneo, XLVIII.
1-26.
Cameron, W.
Kota Gianni or Klanggi Pahang, IX. 15.3-1 (>0.
On the Patani (with maps), XI. 123-142.
Exploration of Pahang, letter concerning, XV. 155-1. "5 7.
C'AMOriLLY, M.
Tlie survey cpiestion in Cochin China translated hy W.
K. Maxwell from the 'Bulletin' des Ktudes Indo-
Chinoises de Saigon for the first half-vear of 188(J,
XVIII. 271-294.
Camphor Language
S(v Trip to (iunong Blumut, Ilarvev I). F. A.. III. 113-
115.
of the Madek Jakuii, I>. F. A. llervey, IX. KJ7.
Camphor
Tree and Language of .lohore, II. \Y. Lake and
II. J. Kelsall, r.a., XXVI. 35-5ti.
See ha m.
Cantlky, X.
Xotes on Economic Plants, XV I II. 295-3*34.
Catalogue
of Books in the Lihrarv of the Straits Branch of
the Royal Asiatic Society Journal 1«<S4, XII. xxi-
xxxi.
On the svstem of adopted in Sarawak Museum,
XXX I i I. 259-2IU.
R. A. Soc., No. 51. 1509.
14 INDEX.
Caves
— - at Sungei Batu. T). D. Daly, III. 116-119.
Pepoit on exploration of of Borneo, A. H. Everett,
VI. 2:3-287.
Klonwang and it* (Acheen) translated, VIII. 153-
158.
Kota Glanggi, Pahang, W. Cameron, IX. 153-160.
Wiite Snake of of Selangor, IT. X. Bidlev, XXXI.
99-101.
Chap-ji-ki
The game of , G. T. Hare, XXXI. 63-: 1.
Cerruti, G. B.
The Sakai of Batang Padang Perak, XLI. 113-11?.
Chess
Malay , J. B. Eleum, XLIX. 8?-92.
China and Chinese
Secret Societies, W. A. Pickering, I. 63-64; TIT. 1-18.
Pidgin-Knglish, X. B. Dennys. II. 168-174.
Statement of Haji Mahomed Ali concerning Mahonie-
dans in China, IX. 165- 1(56.
Ancient Chinese Colony in North Borneo, M. S.. X and
Q, II. 31-32.
' Chai Mui/ \Y. A. Pickering, X and Q, II. 54-56.
Chinese lotterv Hua-lioev, C. W. Snevd Kvnnerslev,
XVI. 203-250.
The game of Chap-ji-ki, G. T. Hare, XXXI. 63-U.
The Wai Seng Lottery, (J. T. Hare Publication Xo. 1.
Invitation to collect folk-lore of China from Hongkong
branch Folk-lore Society. XVI. -1-10-442.
Land Revenue System of China, X and Q, IV. 130-131.
Xative names of streets in Singapore. J I. T. Ilaughton,
XXIII. 19-65.
Chinese names of M reefs in Penanir. l.o Man Yuk.
XXXIII. 19;-216.
Jour. Siraits Branch
INDKX. 15
China mikI Chinese
Chinese names of streets and places in Singapore and
Malay Peninsula, II. \Y. Firmstone, X LI I. "53-208.
Index to above by Tan Kee Soon, XLVI. 195-213.
Chinese names of streets. A. Kniglit, XLV. 28T-288.
CI i ina Sea
Cruise in Southern , C. Boden Kloss, XLI. 53-80.
Chiri
(Formula recited at installation of Malav chiefs),
W. K. Maxwell, X. 2H]-2H<).
Christinas Island
A dav at ; with list of animals and plants recorded,
II. X. Uidley with bibliography. XXIII. 123-140.
An expedition to , II. X. Hidley, XLV. 121-155.
Frrata, XLVI. 2<il.
The Botany of . II. X. Hidley, XLV. 15<>-2;i.
Floia. additional notes, II. X. Hidlev, XLVlll.
lo;-l08.
Clifford, Hrc;ii.
Manuk, X and Q, IV. 101-102.
The Sakai Language, X and Q, IV. 101-102.
The Crocodile, X and Q, IV. 123.
Some Xotes on the Sakai Dialects of the Malav Penin-
sula, XXIV. 13-2!).
A new collection of Malay Proverbs, XXIV. 8<-120.
The Ilikayat Haja Budiman (Malay), Publication Xo. 2.
The Ilikayat Haja Budiman (English translation),
Publication Xo. 3.
Cochin China
The survev question in, M. Cainouillv, translated by
W. K. Maxwell, XVIII. 2;i-2<U.
Coconut
Destruction of palms bv beetles, 11. X .Hidlev,
XX. 1-11.
R. A. Soc, No. 51, 1909.
16 INDEX.
Coconut
Notes on beetles, A. Hale, XXII. 421).
Precocious , A. B. Stephens with note bv II. X.
Kidlev, XXXI. 103-104.
Coins
See Hanitsch.
Collyris emarginatus
"Xote on , It. Shelford, XLV. 283-284.
Currenev
in Xegri Semhilan by It. X. Bland, XVIII. ;J5(>-
OO < .
(VllTIS, C.
A Catalogue of tlie Howering plants and ferns found
growing wild in the Island of Penang, XXV. (>7-l(>3.
Malav Plant names bv II. X. Kidlev and C. Curtis,
XXXVIII. M)-\n.
Damn, (J.
A missionary'* Journey through Laos from Bangkok to
Cbon (1884); translated from the French bv \V. E.
Maxwell. XV. lo:.i-li;.
Dammar and Wood oil
II. X. Bidley, XXXIV. 8!MU.
DaLIJYMI'LK (S. KlI'IIINsTOXK).
r lhe Tawaran and Putatan Bivcrs North Borneo, XII 1.
2(51-27 2.
Daly, 1). I).
Metalliferous formations of the Peninsula, II. ID 1-198.
Caves at Sungei Batu in Selangor, III. 11G-111).
Davison. William.
•lournal of a trip lo Pahang, &c. with II. K. the Covernor
August i ; th to n\\\\ \w.)< XX. 8:;-!)o.
Eudromias Veredus in Singapore, XX HI. 1 17-148.
Jour. Straits Branch
INDEX. 1 7
I ) i:\isox, (Xokl).
Journal ( f rum 2!>th April to 2-">lh May 1 8 T ^ ) when on
a l rip from Sarawak to Men on the X. \\\ Coast of
Borneo in the Biunei Territory, X. 173-188.
The Kura u Districts Perak, XV'llI. 349-352.
Dknnys, ( X. B. )
Breeding Pearls, I. 31-3 L
Breeding Pearls, and Bacteria in Pice, X and Q, I. 12-13.
• Pidgin English/ II. USN-174.
()j)hiophagus claps in Singapore, 1. 1)9-105.
Snake poisons, IX. 1(51.
Python's eggs (plate), IX. KJ1-1G2.
Flying Lizard (plate), IX. 1<;2-1<>3.
Singapore Lohstcr (plate), IX. 1(53.
Flowering Banana (plate), IX. 1<>3.
Contrihution to Malayan Bihliography, Y. f>9-123; VI.
(tiitta Juices, X and Q, I. 5.
Turtles, X and Q, 1. 12-13.
The octopus. X and Q, 1. 14.
Are cockatoos carnivorous, X and Q, I. 14.
Tiger traps, X and Q, I. 15-1(5.
Man-eaters, X and Q, 1. 16-17.
Tigers eating frogs, X and Q, I. 17.
(harms, X and Q, I. 17-18.
Index to Logan's Journal of the Indian Archipelago,
XVIII. 335-344.
Dknnys, Dk. X. B.
In Memoriam, H. X. Bidlev, XXXV. 10G-107.
I)j;w, (Annan T.)
Exploring Kxpedition from Selaina Perak over the moun-
tains to Pong Patani in Xovember 1883, XIX. 105-
120.
R. A. Soc, No. 51. IW-
1 8 INDEX.
Dew, (Airmrn T.)
Fishing Industry of Krian and Kuraii Perak, XXIII.
95-122,
Diamonds
in Malay Peninsula, PI. X. Pidley, XXIV. 1GG-1G7.
D hidings
Dutch occupation of , \\\ K. Maxwell, XI. 1(>9-
170.
Outline of historv of , E. M. Merewether, XXIII.
35-47.
Dodd, John.
A few ideas on the probable origin of the hill tribes of
Formosa, IX. (><)-<S4 : X. 195-211.
A (ilinij)se at the manners and customs of the Hill tril>os
of Xorth Formosa, XV. ()9-7<S.
I )og
Account of creation of , W. G. Maxwell, XLVI.
23.
Douglas, K. S.
A journey into the interior of Borneo to visit the Kalabit
tribes, (with sketch-map), XLIX. 53-62.
Draco fiuibriatus
Nesting of . II. X. llidley, XL1V. 22).
Drongo
Habits of , 11. X. Iiidlev, XXXV. 105.
Dusun
Vocabulary of Dusun language of Kimanis, XXX. 1-29.
Dutch
The in Perak, W. E. Maxwell, X. 215-268A.
The in Perak, \V. K. Maxwell. X and Q, II. 31.
■ occui)ation of the Dindings, &c. bv YV. E. Maxwell,
XL 169-170.
Jour. Straits Branch
INDEX. 19
Dutch East Indies
Extract from * Truhncis Record ' concerning articles ap-
pearing in Bijdragen, X. I., XIX. 14!)-].*>0.
Dvaks
Mengap The Song of the Dvak Head feast, Rev. J. Per-
ham, II. 12o-l :{,>.
IVtara or Sea Dvak Cods. Rev. J. Perham, VIII. 1^3-
152.
Peligion of Sca-Dvaks hv Rev. J. Perham, X. 213-2-1;*;
XI V. 2S7-304. '
Klieng's War-raid to the Skies hv Rev. J. IVrham,
XVI. 2G.V2SS.
Contents of a Dvak Medicine chest. Rev. (J. F. Hose, i>.n.,
xxx ix. <>:>-; o.
The Sea-Dyak legend. Rev. Edwin II. Comes., XEl.
Another Sea- Dvak legend. Rev. E. H. (ionics, XLV. 1 1-
«s;$.
Ceremonies in Pregnane v and child-l)irth. Rev. W.
Howel, XLV I. 12.V1.H.
Bark Canoes among Jakuns and Dvaks, Dr. W. L. Abbott,
XLIX. 10SM10.
Dyeing
Silk and cotton 1>\ Malavs, W. W. Skeat,
xxxvi il. d>;;-i;j;.
Earthquake
in the Malav Peninsula, II. X. Ridlev, XXV. 169-
in.
Eeonomie Plants
Xo ti . s on . X. Cantlev, XVIII. 2<)o-Xtt.
Elitm, .1. H.
Malay Chess (with plate), XLIX. 87-92.
R. A. Soc., No. 51, 1909.
20 INDEX.
Klephant
Modi's of sitting in driving an , W. K. Maxwell.
X and (J. I. 10
Management of - , \V. K. Maxwell, X and Q, II.
The Malav Howdah, W. K. Maxwell, X and (J. IT. 52.
Rate of speed of , k A. J. L.,' X' and Q. II. 58-59.
See Mantra Gajah.
Entomology
Report on Padi-borer, L. Wray Junior, XIX. 73-82.
Report on Ponieloe moth, L. Wray Jr., XIX. 7;>-82.
Report on destruction of coconut palms hv beetles, H. X.
Ridley, XX. 1-11.
Sphingidae of Singapore, Lieut. II. J. Kelsall, XXII.
;>25-;^i).
On habits of Caringa (Formica gracilipcs (Jrav), II. X.
Ridley, XXII. :M5-:S47.
Xote on Coconut- beetles, A. Hale, XXII. 12!).
Mosquito larvae in pitchers of Xepenthes, Xote on.
H. X. Rildey, XXII. AIM).
Large beetle caught in pitcher of Xepenthes. XXV. 17 2.
Bird-dropping spider in Johore, H. X. Ridlev, XXV.
172-173.
Stick-insects destroying orchids, H. X. Ridley, XXVI.
204.
Hyblea puera ('ram, H. X. Ridley, XXXI. HU-105.
On a remarkable dipterous larva, R. S. Shelford,
XXXIII. 25(5-257.
On a male specimen of Purlisa giganteiis, Dist: R. S.
Shelford, XXX II I. 2^-2^8.
On a female of Oodona elvira, Stand, R. S. Shelford.
XXXI II. 25S-2(J1.
Butterflies of Mt. Penrisseii Sarawak, R. Shelford,
XXXV. 2<J-12.
Jour. Straits Branch
INDKX.
21
Kntomology
Note on Condvlodera tricondvloides (West) in Borneo,
If. Shelford, WW. <>!»-; L
Calogramma f estiva (Walk), II. X. Ifidlev, WW.
X2-HZ.
List of Insects from lit. Kinalmlu Borneo. If Hanitsch,
xxxiv. ;twS4.
Notes on millepedes. Centipedes. Scorpions, \c. of Malay
Peninsula and Siani, ('apt. Stanley S. Flower,
XXXVI. 1-48.
lfambong Beetle, H. X. lfidley, XXXVI. i;i8-l;W.
llvmenoptera from Sarawak, I*. Came: on. WWII.
>.>-l 10; XXXIX. S!>-lsi : XI- IV. !i:M(5S.
Krrata. XLI. 121.
Fourth contribution on llvmenoptera from Sarawak,
I*. Cameron.
Parthenogenetie breeding of Kurwnema I lerciilanea
(charpentier). If. Hanitseh, XXXVIII. :J5-:5S.
Malav Tiger Beetles. II. X. Ifidlev, XXXVIII. 12!>-l:il.
A swarm o[' Butterflies in Sarawak, If. Shelford,
XXXIX. 2o,V*o|.
List of Butterflies of Borneo, If. Shelford, Part I, XLI.
Sl-111; Part II, XLV. 8«M20; Knata. XLV1. 2G-L
!>:>-12*.
llvmenoptera from 1 (a tiles Museum Singapore, P. Caine-
ron, XLI. 119-1*:$.
New species of Iphiaulax and Chaolta from Sarawak, 1\
Cameron, XLI I. 23-51.
Krrata, XLIV. 2*8-230.
New species of (halcis from Borneo, P. Cameion, XLI I.
*:$-:> 1.
A wasp attacking a leaf-mining caterpillar, II. X. Ifidlev,
XLIV. 22;-**S.
Xote on Collvris eniargiiiatus Dej., If. Shelford, XLV.
283-2S4.
R. A. Soc. f No 51, 1909*
22 INDEX.
Entomology
Nesting of Si Ik- weaving ants, K. Slid ford. XEY. 284-
28.5.
New species of llvmcnoptera from Borneo. V. Cameron,
NEY1IL. l-2(>/
Two new species of Cieindcla from Borneo, Dr. \V.
Horn, L. 99-102.
The Crackling Moth, H. X. Hidley, E. 109-110.
EVKKKTT, A. H.-VKT.
Useful minerals in Sarawak, I. 13-30.
Note on above, IE 229-231.
Notes on (iuliga of Borneo, IV. 5G-58.
The Tiger in Borneo, V. ETi-l(>0.
Beport on Exploration of Caves of Borneo, VI. 2<3-28?.
A list of the Birds of the Bornean group of Islands with
maps, XX. 91-212.
Eudromias veredus
in Singapore, \V. Davidson, XXI 11. 147-148.
Eurvcnema hereulanea
V
Parthenogenetic breeding of , If. Hanitsch,
XXXV HI. 35-38.
Explore; s
Mints on Reconnaissance for in unsurveyed coun-
tries, prepared bv the Intelligence De])artment of the
War Office, XXVI. 2<>;-218.
Fi:i{(Jis()X, A. M. Jin.
Notes illustrating the changes which consonants under-
go in passing from one Malavan dialei-t to another,
XI I. 233-214.
Funis
Eist of of Malav Peninsula, IE X. liidlev. E. 1-59.
Fijian
■ comparative vocabulary, VI1E lu'2-lo9.
Jour. Straits Branch
INDEX. 23
FlKMsTONI?, H. W.
Chinese names of streets and places in Singapore and
the Malay Peninsula. XUI. .5:5-208.
Index by Tan Kee Soon. XLVI. 1<>:>-213.
See Knight.
Fishes
List of from Mt. Kinahalu Borneo, K. Hanitseh,
XXXIV. 75-76.
Fishing industry
of Krian and Kurau Perak, A. T. Dew, XXIII.
95-112.
Flowkr, Captain Stanley S.
Notes on the Millipedes, Centipedes, Scorpions, &c. of
the Malav Peninsula and Siam, XXXVI. 1-48.
*
Formosa
Probable origin of Hill Tribes of , John Dodd,
IX. (W-84: X. 11)5-211.
North , manners and customs of the hill-tribes of,
.1. Dodd. XV. (W-; 8.
(iallus violaceus
Notes on , H. .1. Kelsall. XXV. 17:).
(Jeography
(Geography of Malay Peninsula, A. M. Skinner, (with
Maps),' I. 52-<>2.
(iengrapliiial Notes, A. M. S., II. 222-225; III. 132-133.
Some account of the Independent Native States of Malav
Peninsula. Sir F. Swettcnham, VI. ltfl-202.
Ac< mint of journey across the Malay Peninsula from
Koh Lak to Mergui, A. Keith, XXIV. 31-41.
Notes on Siamese provinces Koow Bangtaphan Patcro
and Champoon (immediately north of Isthmus of
Kra), A. Keith, (with map), XXIV. t>3-78.
R. A- Soc., No. 51, 1909.
24 INDEX.
Geology and Mineralogy
Notes on Distribution of useful minerals in Sarawak,
A. Hart Everett, I. 13-30.
Note on above, A. II, E., U. 229-231.
Metalliferous formation of Peninsula, I). 1). Dalv, II.
19I-19S.
The Mining Districts of Lower Perak, J. Errington tie la
Croix, VII. 1-10.
Stone Age in Perak, A. Hale, III. G2.
Stone implement found in Singapore, H. X. llidlew
XXIII. 141-142.
On the Patani (with map), Win. Cameron, XI. 123-142.
Stream tin deposits of Perak, Kev. J. E. Ten i son-Woods,
XIII. 221-240.
Mines and Miners in Kinta Perak, A Halo, XVI. 303-
320.
r lhe Borneo Coalfields, Kev. J. E. Ten ison- Woods, X and
<J, III. 81-8T.
Alleged discovery of mercury in Malacca. Dr. W. Holt,
l.c.s.. xxiv.* ;9-s2.
Diamonds in Malav Peninsula. H. X. P., XXIV. 1()<>-
k;;.
Toj)ograj)hv and Geology ohsorvod during trip across
Johoie, Harry Lake. XXVI. 19-24.
Notes on fossil tooth from Ban Cpper Sarawak, H. S.
Shelford, XXXI 1. 21S-219.
Earthquake in Malav Peninsula. H. X. Pidlev, XXV.
l(i!)-i;i.
Se;* * Springs.*
( icsneiaccae
The of Malav Peninsula. II. X. Pidlev. XLIV. 1-
92.
Jour. Straits Branch
INDEX. 25
Gharu. (Kayu)
Xotcs o„ , R. \. Bland, XVI IF. .V,0-;W1.
Pantanu: (Jaharu, 1>. F. A. Ilervey, X and Q, I. 8-9.
(Jam and ( handan, II. N. Ridlcv, XXXV. 7 .'5-82.
(iihhon
'1 he White handed , (\ Boden Kloss, L. 19-80.
(J hosts
Supposed evil influence of , A. 1). Machado,
XXXIX. *os-2(>:).
(J oat
Wild of Malay Peninsula. H. Xonnan. XLV. 2»9.
(Jomks, Ri:v. Edwin II.
Two Sea-Dyak Upends, XLI. 1-29.
Another Sca-Dyak legend, Pi:laii£r-£ana and how he came
to he woishippcd on Karth. XLV. 11-8:5.
(irannnatopliyllum
On the fi'stilisalion of , II. X. Ridley, XLIV. 22S-
■» V • ' •
( i rasses
— and Sed«res of Malav Peninsula, H. X. Ridlev,
xxiii. i-;n.
— and Scdjres of Borneo. II. X. Ridlev, XLVI. 215-
22S.
Graveyards
of Sultans of Perak, Stia Bijava di Raja. XLVI 1 1.
9Moi>.
(Jl'KUITZ, K. P.
British Xorth Borneo (pap; i r rem I at British Association
1SH-L XIV. im-XK.
R. A. Soc., No. 51. 190?.
26 INDEX.
Guliga (Bezoar Stone)
Notes on of Borneo, A. Hart Everett, IV. 56-58.
Gunong Tahan
Attempt to reach . Capt. H. J. Kelsall, XXV. 32-
40.
Trip to , J. Waterstradt, XXXVII. 1-27.
Gutta-percha
Gutta and Caoutchouc in the Malay Peninsula, H. J.
Murton, I. 106-107.
Xotes on Gutta-percha and Caoutchouc-yielding trees,
F. W. Burbidge with remarks by W. T. Treacher,
III. 52-59.
Postcript to above, H. .1. Murton, III. 59-61.
Correction to above, IV. 61.
Xative names of Getah, 1). F. A. Hervey, VIII. 159-160.
Gutta-produeing trees, Leonard Wrav Jr., XII. 20 N
221.
Xotes on Economic plants, N. Cant ley, XVIII. 307.
See Rubber.
IIali:, A.
On the mines and miners in Kinta Perak, XVT. 303-
320.
The Stone Age in Perak. III. 62.
Sang Kalembai, X and Q. III. 63.
The title 'Sang/ X and <>, III. 64.
Legend of ' Toh Panglima Cliapar of Kinta,' X and Q,
III. S1-S3.
Kvidenee of Siamese work in Perak, XVIII. '^>^^.
Xote on Coconut beetles, XXII. 12!).
Jour. Straits Branch
INDEX. 27
Han men, 1?.
An expedition to Mount Kina Bnlu British North
Borneo (with lists of mammals, birds, reptiles, am-
phibians, fishes, mull usee and insects collected and
four plates — two of reptiles), XXXIV. 49-88.
Notes on flving-flog, Khacophorus nigropalmatus,
xxxiv. 96-97.
On the Parthenogenetie breeding of Eurvenema Her-
eulanea (Charpentier), XXXVIII. 35-38.
On a collection of coins from Malacca (with two plates),
XXXIX. 183-202.
On a second collection of coins from Malacca (with plate)
XLIV. 213-216.
Tin and Lead coins from Brunei (with plate), XLIX.
111-114.
Hare, G. T.
The game of Chap-ji-ki, XXXI. 63-71.
The Waiseng Lottery, Publication No. 1.
ILvssKi/r, m.a., L. Van
The object and results of a Dutch expedition into the
interior of Sumatra in the years 1877, 1878, 1879,
(translation from French by H. X. Bland), XV. 39-50.
Further note, XVI. 415-417*
IT a re; 1 1 ton, H. T.
Landing of Kafflcs in Singapore bv an eve-witne3S, X.
285-280.
The Berik-le:ik or Baterik, X and Q, II. 39.
Notes on names of places in the Island of Singapore
and its vicinity, XX. 75-82.
Native names of Streets in Singapore, XXIII. 49-65.
Boriah, XXX. 312-313.
Havil-wd. (*. Y.
Xoles on an infant maias. XXVI. 2(M-2<X>.
R. A. Soc., No. 51. IW
3
28 INDEX.
Haynes, H. S.
A list of Brunei-Malay Words, XXXIV. 39-48.
Haynes, T. H.
English, Sulu and Malay vocabulary, with Notes and
additions. bv W. K. Maxwell, XVf. 321-384; XVI II.
193-239.
Hellier, M.
Notes on the Malav Game 'Jongkak' (with plate),
XLIX. 93-94.
Henicurus Ruficapillus
Nest and eggs of , H. J. K(elsall), XXIV. 170.
Hervey, D. F. A.
Trip to Gunong Blumut with vocabulary of Camphor
Language, III. 85-115.
Endau and its tributaries (with map), VIII. 93-124.
Itinerary from Singapore to source of the Sembrong and
up the Madek, VIII. 125-132.
Additional Notes, IX. 1(57-1(58.
Klonwang and its caves (translation). VIII. 153-158.
Native names of get ah and rotan, VIII. 159-1(50.
Pantang Kapur of the Madek Jakun, IX. 107.
Stone from Batu Pahat, IX. 168-170.
The Mentra Traditions, X. 189-194.
Batu Kodok (legend concerning rock in old Singapore
Straits), XI. 1(57.
Prigi Acheh (tradition concerning well on Joho:e coast),
XI. 1(58.
Malacca in the eighteenth century (translation of Ma-
lacca Dutch records), XII. 202-2(57.
Kembau, XIII. 241-258.
Pantang Cjaharu, X and Q, I. 8-9.
Sumatran mawas. X and Q, 1. 10-11.
Signs and Omens, X and Q, I. 18-19.
}o:ir. Straits Branch
INDEX. 2 9
Her\ey, D. F. A.
Legends of Petrified ships, X and Q, II. 38-39.
Malacca Legends of Xakhoda Pagam, X and Q. if. 40-14.
Penang Legends of Xakhoda fiagam, X and Q, IT. -J4-IC>.
Hewitt, John
Account of three snakes, XLV. 282-283.
See Hose Dr. Charles and J. Hewitt.
Hikaiat
Shamsu '1-Bahrain, XLVII.
Raja Budiman, Puhlications 2 and 3.
History
Geography of Malay Peninsula (with maps), A. M.
Skinner, I. 52-62/
Two Pcrak manuscripts, W. E. Maxwell, II. 183-103.
History of Pcrak from Xatiye source*, W. E. Maxwell,
IX.85-103; XIV. 305-321.
The Dutch in Perak. \Y. E. Maxwell, X. 245-2(>8.
Outline history of British connection with Malaya,
A. M. Skinner, X. 2(>9-280.
Outline of history of Dindings. E. M. Mcrewether,
XXI 1 1. 35--H.
Early Indo-Chinese Influence in the Malay Peninsula,
(\ Otto Blagden, XXVII. 21-50.
Address on the Straits Settlements and Malav Peninsula
deliyeied Ik 1 fore the Indian Society hv Mr. J. A.
Kruijt. XXVIII. 19-51.
At man Sungei Ijong, \\. X. Bland. XX VI 1 1. 53-72.
Relations l>etween Southern India and the Straits Settle-
ments, A. \Y. S. O'Sullivan, XXXVI. (JT-TL
A Buddhist Votive Tablet, ('. O. Blagden, XXXIX.
2<>5-2<N>.
R. A. Soc.. No. 51. 190).
30 INDEX.
History
Old Sanskrit Inscriptions, Prof. H. Kern, XLIX. 05-
101.
See Dutch, Malacca.
Horn, Dr. Walter
Two new species of Cieindela (Tiger Beetles) from
Borneo, L. 99-102.
HORNADAY, Wm. T.
A naturalist's visit to Selangor, III. 12-1-125.
Hose, Dr. Charles
Various methods of computing time for planting among
the races of Borneo, XLII. 1-5 and 20i).
Hose, Dr. Charles and J. Hewitt.
On tally-sticks and strings in Borneo, XLIX. 7-10.
Hose, G. F., d.d., Bishop of Singapore, Laruax, and
Sarawak.
Inaugural address 1878, I. 1-12.
Presidential address 18T9, II. 1-4.
Presidential address 1880, IV. xix-xxn.
Buins of Boro Budur in Java, VI. 203-223.
A Catalogue of the Ferns of Borneo and some of the
adjacent Islands which have been recorded up to the
present time, XXXII. 31-84.
List of ferns of Penrissen, Sarawak, XXXIII. 24-26.
The contents of a Dvak medicine chest, XXXIX. 65-70.
Howell, (.Rev. William)
Dvak ceremonies in pregnane v and childbirth, XLVI.
125-131.
Hua-hoev
Chinese lotterv, C. W. S. Snevd Kvnnerslev, XVI.
203-250.
Jour. Straits Branch
INDEX. 31
Hyblaea puera, (Cram.)
H. X. Kid ley, XXXI. 104-105.
Hymenoptera
from Sarawak Muslim, P. Cameron, XXXVI I.
29-140; XXX IX. 89-181.
from Raffles Museum, Singapore, P. Cameron, XLI.
119-12;}.
Errata, XLI. 124; XLiV. 93-168.
Fourth contribution on of Sarawak, P. Cameron,
XLVI. 103-123.
Images
Human among the orang mantong, Dr. Abbott,
XLI. 128-129.
Index
to Logan's Journal of the Indian Archipelago,
bv X. Dennvs, XVI II. 335-344.
to the Journal of the Straits Branch of the Royal
Assiatic Society, Volumes I. to XXXI., XXXI. 153-
1 90.
to Names of Streets and Places in Singapore, by
Tan Kee Soon, XLVI. 195-213.
India
Southern and the Straits Settlements, A. W. S.
O'Sullivan, XXXVI. 67-74.
Indo Chinese
Nationalities of Indo-Chinese region, Extract from
Quarterly Review, XVI. 417-421.
Indo-Chinese influence in the Malay Peninsula, C.
Otto Blagden, XXVII. 21-56.
Malayan Element in some of languages of Southern
Indo-China, C. O. Blagden, XXXV11I. 1-27.
Indonesian
Numerals, 11. J. Wilkinson, XXVIII. 99-103.
R. A. Soc, No. si. 1909.
32 INDEX.
Ipoh Tree
Perak, Note on. VIII. 11>1.
Iitvixu, ('. .1.
Suggestion regarding new Malay Dictionary, II. 199-204.
Java
Kuins of Boro Budur, Bishop Ho^e. VI. 203-213.
The System, A. M. Skinner, XL 155-166.
A Tiger Hunt in , XII. 269-281.
Origin of British treaty with in 1811, Letter from
X. Trotter, XIX. 151-152.
Jelebu
By H. A. O'Brian, XIV. 337-343, Map at end of XV.
J oh ore
Trip to Gunong Blumut, I). F. A. Hervey, III. 85-115.
The Endau and its tributaries (with map), D. F. A.
Hervev, VIII. 93-124.
Itinerary from Singapore to source of the Sembrong
and up the Madek, VIII. 125-132.
Additional Note, IX. 167-168.
Johore, W. E. Maxwell, X~ and Q, I. 10.
Seals of and Pahang in 1819, W. E. Maxwell, X
and Q, IV. 114.
Journey to the source of the Indau, H. W. Lake, XXV.
1-9. *
Rare bat hawk in Johore, H. J. Kelsall, XXV. 171-
172.
Journey on the Sembrong lliver from Kuala Indau to
Batu Pahat bv H. W. Lake and H. J. Kelsall, k.a.,
with lists of mammals, birds and plants collected and
note on topography and geology, XXVI. 1-33.
Camphor tree and camphor language of Johore, H. W.
Lake and H. J. Kelsall, h.a., XXVI. 35-56.
Flora of Ml. Ophir, H. N. Ridley, XXXV. 1-28.
Tour. Straits Branch
1NDKX. 33
Johore
A Pvthon, C. Bodcn Kloss, XLV. 281-282.
Pare leathcrv turtle in waters, V. Hoden Kloss,
WAX. G3-Gr>.
Jongkak
Malay (iame , M. Hellier, XLIX. 93-94.
Journal of Indian Archipelago (Logan's)
Index to l)v X. Dennvs, XVIII. 335-344.
Jubilee
Address to Queen.
of Penang Mahoinmedans 188? (Malay Text),
XVI II. 3G0-3G8.
of Perak Raiyats, XVIII. 3G9-3U.
of Perak Penghulus, XVIII. 371-3i5.
Kkaxk, A. H.
Malayan Antiquities, X and Q, III. 88-91.
Kedah
Translation of extract from Marong Mahawongsa, W. E.
Maxwell, IX. 88-89.
A Buddhist Votive Tablet, C. 0. Blagden, XXXIX. 205-
20G.
Kelantan
and mv trip to Gunong Tahan, J. Waterstradt,
XXX VII. 1-27.
Keiidixg, F.
Extracts from Xotes on Sultanate of Siak by II. A.
llymans van Anroij, XVII. 151-15?.
Sumatra in 1886 (Statistics concerning), XVII I. 345-
349.
Kkitii, Dn. A.
Anatomical Xotes on Malay Apes, XXI II. 77-89 (with
diagrams and illustrations).
R. A. Soc., No. si, 1909.
34 INDEX.
Keith, Dr. A.
An account of a journey across the Malay Peninsula
from Koh Lak to Mergui, XXIV. 31-11.
Xotes on the Siamese Provinces of Koowi, Bangtaphan,
Pateeo and Champoon (with map), XXI V. 63-78.
Kelham, Captaix H. R., 74th Highlanders.
Ornithological Xotes made in the Straits Settlements
and in the Western States of the Malay Peninsula
(extract from Ibis), IX. 109-140; XL 1-29; XII.
171-205.
Kelsall, Lieut: H. J., k.e.
Xotes on a trip to Rukit Ktam Selangor, XXIII. 07-
75, (with notes by H. X. Ridley on plants collected).
Account of a trip up the Pahang, Temheling and Tahan
Rivers and an attempt to reach Gunog Tahan, XXV.
32-49.
Description of a new species of Jungle fowl said to come
from Borneo, XXIV. 167-168.
A large Mias in Singapore by H. J. K., XXIV. 168-169.
Xote on Xest and Eggs of Xyctiornis amicta, XXIV.
169-170.
Xest and Eggs of Henicurus rufieapillus Temm, XXIV.
170.
On the occurrence of the rare Bat-hawk in Johore, XXV.
171-172.
Xotes on Gallus violaceus, XXV. 173.
List of Jakun names of persons, XXVI. 57.
H. \\\ Lake and 11. J. KelsalTs Journev on the Sembrong
River, XXVI. 1-33.
H. W. Lake. and H. J. Kelsall, Camphor Tree and Cam-
phor Languages of Johore, XXVI. 35-56.
Kerengga
Caringa (Formica gracilipes (Jrav) on the habits of, H.
N. Ridley, XXII. 345-347.
Jour. Straits Branch
INDEX. 35
Kerengga
Note on, H. X. Ridley, XXIII. 147.
Kkkn, Pkof. H.
Concerning some old Sanskrit inscriptions in tlie Malay
Peninsula, (Translation of extract from De Vcrslagen
en Mededeelingen der Koninklijke Akademic van
Wetenschappen Div. Lit. Series, 111. Pt. I), XL1X.
1)5-101.
Klierudin
The Story of — - , G. M. Laidlaw, XLVI. 27-57.
Kinabalu
Ascent of Mt. and journev from Tuaran to Kiau,
R. M. Little, XIX. 1-25.
Expedition to Mt. with lists of collections, R.
Hanitsch, XXXIV. 49-88.
Kinta (Perak)
On Mines and Miners in , A. Hale, XVI. 303-
320.
Klieng
's War-raid to the Skies, Dvak nivth, Rev. J.
Perham, XVI. 265-288.
Kloss, (C. Boden)
Pratincola maura (Pall), XLiV. 225-226.
Xotes on a cruise in the Southern China Sea, XLI. 53-
80.
The new Sumatran Pig. Sus oi of the Rio-Linga Archi-
pelago (with 3 plates), XLV. 55-60.
Erratum, XLVI. 264.
Some birds of Tiuman Island, XLV. 280-281.
A Johore Python, XLV. 281-282.
Malavan Musical Instruments, XLV. 285-287.
Errata, XLVI. 264.
R. A. Soc, No. SI. 1909.
36 INDEX.
Kloss, (C. Boden)
Notes on capture of a rare leathery turtle ( Dermoehelys
coriaeea) in .Johore waters (with three plates), XLIX.
63-65.
Malayan Pigs. A recent Zoological paper, G. 8. Miller's
Notes on Malayan Pigs, XLIX. 67-69.
Some visits to Batam Island, L. 61-71.
Some Ethnological Notes, L. 73-77.
The White-handed Gibbon, L. 79-80.
Knight, A.
Singapore weather in 1885, XVI. 435-436.
Sacred fire, X and Q, III. 79-80.
Chinese names of streets, XLV. 287-288.
Koknig, Dk. J. G.
Journal of a voyage from India to Siam and Malacca in
1779, XXVI.' 58-201, XXVII. 57-133.
Kiuyt, J. A.
Address by, delivered before the Indian Society on ' The
Straits Settlements and the Malay Penisula/ XXVIII.
19-51.
Kun
and Payah Kun, W. G. Maxwell, XLVI. 25-26.
Kurau
The District Perak, X. Denison, XVIII. 34!)-
352.
Kyxnersley, C. W. Sneyd
A description of the Chinese lottery known as Hua-hoev,
XVI.. 203-250.
Notes on a Tour through the Siamese States on the
West Coast of the Malav Peninsula 1900, XXXVI.
49-66.
Allen Maclean Skinner, c.tf.fj., In Memoriam, XXXVT.
139-140.
Notes of visits to Puket, Ghiibec and Trnng, XI, II. 7-18.
Jour. Straits Branch
INDEX. 37
Labiates
in Malay Peninsula, H. X. Ridlev, L. 105-107.
Labium
Sec British Borneo l>v \Y. T. Treacher. XX. 1:3-74; XXI.
19-121.
Laee
Malacca , Mrs. Bland (with four plates), XLV.
4 I O-iC i i .
La Ckoix, (.1. KititiNciTON do)
The Mining Districts of Lower Perak (with map), VIT.
1-10.
Laidlaw, G. M.
Malav Stories, English and Romanised Malav, XLV I.
27-102.
The Storv of Kerudin.
Pa' Senik and his son-in-law Awang.
The Baboon IV Si' Bagok and the (Jirl.
A Pelandok Tale.
Pelandok and other Stories, English and Romanised
Malav, XLVI1I. 27-90.
the Pelandok, his adopted son and Pa' Si' Bago\
The Story of five men who stole the King's daughter.
Mat Janin.
Pa' Pandir.
The Pelandok and Kotan cutters.
How the Bear lost his tail.
The rich man, the poor man and the way the Pe-
landok squared the score.
Lakk, II. W.
A Journev to the sources of the Indau, XXV. 1-9.
and H. J. Kelsall, n.A. A Journey on the Sem-
brong River from Kuala Indau to Batu Pahat, with
list of mammals, birds and plants and note on topog-
raphy and geology, XXVI. 1-33.
R. A. Soc., No. 51. 1909*
38 INDEX.
Lake, H. W.
and H. J. Kelsall, k.a. The Camphor Tree and
Camphor Language of Johore, XXVI. 35-56.
Land Tenure
Malav , \V. E. Maxwell, XIII. 75-220.
French land decree in Cambodia, W. E. Maxwell, XV.
81-92.
Land Regulations Xorth Borneo, XV. 158-163.
Land tenure in Xorth Borneo, X and Q, II. 58.
Feudal land tenure in Dutch East Indies in 17th centurv,
W. E. Maxwell, XVI. 436-438.
Land revenue system, X^ and Q, IV. 130-131.
Langkawi
Pulau , W. G. Maxwell with map, XIX. 27-33.
Latah
H. A. O'Brien, XI. 143-153.
Further notes on , H. A. O'Brien, XII. 283-285.
Extract from Forbes' Xaturalists' Wanderings in the
Eastern Archipelago, XIV. 445-446.
Lekch, H. W. C.
About Kinta, IV. 21-33. About Slim and Bernam, IV.
34-45.
Lkxnon, Capt. W. C.
Journal of voyage to Molucca Islands, VII. 51-74.
Library
Catalogue of books in of S. B. E. A. S., January
1884, XII. xxi-xxxi.
Gifts to , XVII. 159-160.
Light
The Family, N and Q, IV. 115-116.
Memoir of Capt. Francis ,,, A. M. Skinner,
XXVI11. 1-17.
Jour. Straits F ranch
INDEX. 39
Lightning
Cases of discharge, G. E. V. Thomas, XXXIII.
251-255.
Conductors, G. E. V. Thomas, XL1V. 217-222.
Lingga
See Kloss.
Little, (R. .M)
Report on a journey from Tuaran to Kiau and ascent of
Kinahalu Mountain, XIX. 1-25.
Lister, Hox'ble Marti x
The Xegri Sembilan. Their origin and constitution,
XIX. 35-53.
Malay law in Xegri Sembilan, XXII. 297-319.
Pantang Larang of Xegri Sembilan, XXIII. 142-144.
The Putri of Mount Ophir, XXIV. 165-166.
A Malav Lullabv, XXV. 174.
Lister, r l lie Jlon'ble Martin
In Mcmoriam, XXX. x.v.
Lobster
Singapore (plate), X. B. Dennys, IX. 163.
Loo ax, J. R.
Memorandum on various tribes inhabiting Penang and
Province Welleslev, VII. <S3-92.
•
Plan for a volunteer Police in the Muda districts Pro-
vince Wclleslev submitted to Government bv the late
J. R. Logan in 1867, XVI. 173-202.
Sketch or (areert)f , .1. T. Thomson, VII. 75-81.
Index to Logan's Journal of Indian Archipelago, by X.
Dennys, XVIII. 335-344.
Lo Max Yt'K.
Chinese names of Streets in Penang, XXXIll. 197-246.
R. A Soc., No. 51. 1909.
40 INDKX.
Low, Sir Hugh
Selesilah (Book of Descent ) of the Rajas of Brunei, V.
1-35.
Luerino, Rev. H. L. E.
A vocabulary of the Dusun Language of Kimanis (Brit-
ish North Borneo), XXX. 1-29.
The Sakai dialect of the Ulu Kampar, Perak, XXXV.
91-104.
Notes on the formation of words in Malay and cognate
languages, XXXIX. 19-37.
Machado, A. D.
The hot-springs of Ulu Jelai (Pahang), XXXIII. 263-
264.
A Vocabulary of the Jakuns of Batu Pahat, Johore to-
gether with some remarks on their customs and pe-
culiarities, XXXVIII. 29-33.
On the supposed evil influence exercised bv ghosts in
the Malav Peninsula, XXXIX. 208-209.
Magic
Some records of Malav , \V. W. Skeat XXXI. 1-6
Mahoniad Ali, ( Haji)
Statement of a Mahommcdan of Arabic extraction
born in the Island of Hainan China regarding Mh-
hommedans in China. IX. IGo-lGG.
Mai as
A large Mias in Singapore bv H. J. K(elsall), XXIV.
1(>8-1(>9.
Xotes on an infant Maias bv G. F. Haviland. XXVI.
2<H-20(J.
SindbacPs old man of the sea, \Y. (J. Maxwell, L. 91-9.").
Malacca
Journal of vovajre to Moluccas, ('apt. \Y. C. Ixuinon,
VII. 58-70.'
Jour. Straits Rranch
INDEX. A 1
Malacca
Stone used in building fort of , D. F. A. Hervcv,
IX. 168-170.
in the 18th centurv, D. F. A. Hervev, XII. 262-
267.
Valentyn's Description of , XIII. 49-74B; XV.
119-138; XVI. 289-301; XVII. 117-149; XXII. 225-
246 (with map).
Armenian inscription in church at , X and Q, II.
57-58.
Inscriptions in St. Paul's Church, E. M. Merewether.
XXXIV. 1-21.
Attack bv Rhio Malays on in 1784, See ' Raja
Haji/ XXI. 173-224.
rp
Thermal springs of , Dr. Bott, XXIV. 43-62.
Alleged discovery of mercury in , Dr. W. Bott,
XXIV. 79-82/
The Putri of Mount Ophir, M. Lister, XXIV. 165-166.
Journal of vovage from India to Siam and in 1779,
Dr. J. G. Koenig, XXVI. 58-201; XXVII. 57-133.
Cultivation of rice in , C. O. Blagden, XXX.
285-304.
The Put ii Gunong liedang, R. J. Wilkinson, XXXII.
213-214.
Coins from , R. Hanitsch, XXXIX. 183-202.
On a second collection of coins from , R. Hanitsch
(with plate), XLIV. 213-216.
Lace, Mrs. Bland (with 4 plates), XLV. 273-277.
Basket making at Tanjong Kling with five plates,
Mrs. Bland, XLYL 1-8.
R. A. Soc.. No. 51. 1909.
42 INDEX.
Malay
See 4 Romanising/ Proverbs, Camphor-language, Latah.
Medicine.
Malav Customs and Amusements.
A Malay Xautch, F. A. Swettenham, II. 163-167.
Chiri (formula recited at installation of Chiefs), W. E.
Maxwell, X. 287-289.
Medicine, \Y. E. Maxwell, X and Q, I. 23-24.
Daun tiga ? lei, W. E. Maxwell, X and Q, J. 24-23.
Daun tiga 'lei, M. S., X and Q, II. 57.
Fighting dress of Malavs, W. E. Maxwell, X and Q, IT.
53.
Biith ceremonies in Perak, W. E. Maxwell, X and Q,
III. 74-79.
' Ketiar,' W. E. Maxwell, X and Q, IV. 97-98.
Panjat, W. E. Maxwell, X and Q ? IV. 118-120.
Ceremonies at Seedtime, A. \Y. S. O'Sullivan, XVI LI.
;)62-30;>.
r l lie cultivation of rice in Malacca, (Malay 1 text — Roman-
ised — bv Inche Muhammad Ja'far. Translation bv (\
0. Blagden), XXX. 2-5-304.
Boriah, H. T. Haugliton, XXX. 312-313.
Election and Installation of Yam Tuan of Negri Sem-
bilan, E. W. Birch, XLV1. 9-22.
Gravevards of the Sultans of Perak, Stia -Bijava di
Raja, XLVIII. 97-106.
Malav Chess, .1. B. Elcum, XL1X. 87-92.
Jonjrkak, Malav Game. M. Hellier, XLIX. 93-94.
Notes and Queries. \V. K. (Maxwell), XLIX. 108.
Jour. Straits Branch
INDEX. 43
Malay Language and Literature.
Two Perak Manuscripts, \V. E. Maxwell, II. 183-193.
Suggestion regarding new Malav Dictionary, C. J. Irv-
ing, II. 199-204.
Malay-English Dictionaries, L. C. B., II. 239.
Changes in consonants in different Malav dialects ,
A. M. Ferguson, XII. 233-244.
Note on criticisms of Faure's Dictionarv bv Devic and
Marre, W. E. Maxwell, XII. 257-259.
Malay language and literature, R. Rost, XV. 93-101.
The Malay Howdah, W. E. Maxwell, X and Q, II. 52.
On the roots of the Malav language, J. Pijnappel, XVI.
251-263.
Botanv and Malay Names of Plants bv Rev. B. Scorte-
chiiii, XVI. 413-415.
The title Sang, A. Hale, X and Q, III. 64.
Malav words of Portuguese origin, W. E. Maxwell, N
and Q, III. 64-70.
Malav titles in Clu Perak, \Y. E. Maxwell, X and Q,
III. 70.
Malay Fairy tales, Sri Rama, Malay text and English
translation, W. E. Maxwell, XVII. 86-115.
Malays, W. E. Maxwell, X and Q, IV. 98.
Pagar, \V. E. Maxwell, X and Q, IV. 98.
Temikei ; Mendikei Kamendikei, \Y. E. Maxwell, N.
and Q, IV. 98.
Jalibut, W. E. Maxwell, X and Q, IV. 99-100.
Cockup, \Y. E. Maxwell, X and Q, IV. 100.
(talgal. \Y. E. Maxwell, X and Q, IV. 100.
Jam, \Y. E. Maxwell, X and Q, IV. 101-102.
The Crocodile, H. Clifford, X and Q, IV. 123.
Malav Fairv tale. Raja Donan, Malav text and English
translation, \Y. E. Maxwell, XVIII. 240-269.
R. A. Soc.. No. 5i. 1909.
*
\
44 INDEX.
Malay Language and Literature.
Raja Ambong fairv tale with English translation, W. E.
Maxwell, XIX. 55-71.
A new collection of Malav proverbs, Hugh Clifford,
XXIV. 87-120.
A Malay lullaby, M. Lister, XXV. 174.
Malay plant names (Malav-Latin), H. X. Ridlev, XXX.
32-283.
Malay plant names (Latin-Malay), H. N. Ridley and C.
Curtis, XXXVIII. 39-122.
Account of oldest Malav manuscripts (with facsimile and
extracts), Rev. W. G. Shellabear, XXXI. 107-151.
The name Malayu, C. 0. Blagden, XXXII. 211-213.
Bikin, W. Conlay, XXXII. 217.
List of Brunei-Malay words, H. S. Haynes, XXXIV.
39-48.
. The evolution of Malav spelling, Rev. W. G. Shellabear,
XXXVI. 75-135.
Malayan Element in some of the languages of Southern
Indo-China, C. 0. Blagden, XXXVIII. 1-27.
Formation of words in Malay and Cognate languages, L.
E. Luering, XXXIX. 19-37.
Dr. Brandstetter's Malayo-Polynesian Researches, an
appreciation, C. 0. Blagden, XLII. 211-216.
Kun and Payah Kun, W. G. Maxwell, XL VI. 25-26.
The story of Kherudin, G. M. Laidlaw, XLVI. 27-57.
Pa Senik and his son-in-law Awang, G. M. Laidlaw,
XLVI. 59-64.
The Baboon, Pak Si Bagok and the Girl, G. M. Laidlaw,
XLVI. 65-71.
A Pelandok Tale, G. M. Laidlaw, XLVI. 73-102.
Hikaiat Shamsu'l-Bahrain, XLVII.
Pelandok and other stories, English and Romanised
Malay, G. M. Laidlaw, XLV1II. 27-96.
Jour. Straits Branch
INDEX. 45
Malay Language and Literature.
Curriculum of Course of Malay in Paris, L. 81-83.
Spada, W. G. Maxwell, L. 97-98.
The Hikaiat Raja Budiman, H. Clifford.
Malav Text — Publication No. 2.
Translation — Publication Xo. 3.
Malav Law
Maritime Code of Malavs, Sir Stamford Raffles, TIL
62-84; IV. 1-20.
Further Xote, III. 143-144.
Malay Land Tenure, W. E. Maxwell, XIII. 75-220.
The Menangkabau Code, W. E. Maxwell, X and Q, II.
36-38.
Slavery law, W. E. Maxwell, XXII. 247-297 with Malay
text.
Malav law in Xegri Sembilan bv Hon. Martin Lister,
XXII. 297-319.
Pantang Larang of Xegri Sembilan, M. Lister, XXIII.
142-144.
Aturan Sungei Unjong by R. X. Bland, XXVIII. 53-72.
Constitution of Negri Sembilan, E. \V. Birch, XLV1.
9-22.
Malay Legends and Traditions
Folklore of Malays, W. E. Maxwell, VII. 11-29.
Xotes on the folklore and popular religion of the Malays,
C. 0. Blagden, XXIX. 1-12.
Xotes and queries (Malav folklore), R. J. Wilkinson,
XXX. 305-311.
Prigi Acheh, D. F. A. Hervey, XL 167.
Batu Kodok, D. F. A. Hervey, XL 167.
Sumatran Mawas, D. F. A. Hervey, N and Q, I. 10-11.
Malay folklore, D. F. A. Hervey, N and Q, I. 18-19.
R. A. Soc., No. 51, 1909.
-"^^I
46 INDEX.
Malay Legends and Traditions
Legend of Changkat Rambian, W. E. Maxwell, N and
Q, I. 19-22.
Nakhoda Ragam, W. E. Maxwell, N and Q, I. 22.
Malacca Legends concerning Nakhoda Ragam, D. F. A.
Hervey, N and Q, II. 40-44.
Penang Legends concerning Nakhoda Ragam, D. F. A.
Hervey, N and Q, II. 44-46.
Legend of Petrified ships, D. F. A. Hervey, N and Q, II.
38-39.
Legend of Toh Kuala Bidor, W. E. Maxwell, N and Q,
II. 47-48.
Legend of Kerbang Aji, W. E. Maxwell, N and Q, II.
49-50.
Legend of Pulau Tunggal, W. E. Maxwell, N and Q, II.
50-51.
Origin of Orchids, W. E. Maxwell, N and Q, II. 51.
Sang kalcmbai, W. E. Maxwell, II. 51.
Sang kalembai, A. Hale, III. 63.
Legend of 'Toh Panglima Ghapar of Kinta, A. Hale,
N. and Q, III. 81-83.
The Raja of the Bamboo, W. E. Maxwell, N and Q, IV.
121-123.
The Prince or Princess? of the Bamboo, Japanese folklore
concerning, W. K. Maxwell, XV II I. 357-358.
The Putri of Mount Ophir, M. L., XXIV. 165-166.
The Putri Gunong Ledang, K. J. Wilkinson, XXXII.
213-214.
Golden Flowers, H. X. Ridley, XXXII. 214-215.
Some mouse-deer tales, H. V. Winstedt, XLV. 61-69 .
An account of the creation of the dog, \Y. G. Maxwell,
XLV1. 23.
Jour. Straits Branch
INDEX. 47
Malay Legends and Traditions
The story of Kherudin (English and Romanised Malay),
G. M. Laidlaw, XLVI. 27-57.
Pa Senik and his son-in-law Awang (English and Ro-
manised Malay), G. M. Laidlaw, XLVI. 59-64.
The Baboon, Pak Si Bagok and the girl (English and
Romanised Malay), G. M. Laidlaw, XLVI. 65-71.
A Pelandok Tale (English and Romanised Malav), G. M.
Laidlaw, XLVI. 73-102.
Pelandok and other tales (Romanised Malav and Eng-
lish), G. M. Laidlaw, XLVIII. 27-96.
Miscellaneous Notes, W. E. Maxwell, XLIX. 103-107.
Father Civet (with romanised version), R. 0. Winstedt,
L. 85-90.
Malay Religion and superstition
A Malay Kramat, W. E. Maxwell, II. 236-238.
A Tiger's Walk, III. 139-140. .
Shamanism in Perak, W. E. Maxwell, XII. 222-232.
Signs and Omens, D. F. A. Hervev, X and Q, I. 18-19.
Ganju, W. E. Maxwell, X and Q,* I. 22-23.
The Berik-berik, H. T. Haughton, X and Q, II. 39.
Mantra Sandaran, W. E. Maxwell, X and Q, II. 46-47.
Magic circle, W. E. Maxwell, X and Q, II. 49.
Malay superstition, G. C, X and Q, II. 53-54.
Sacred Fire, W. E. Maxwell, X and Q, III. 79-80.
Pelas Xegri, W. E. Maxwell, X and Q, III. 80-81.
Mantra, \V. E. Maxwell, X and Q, IV. 124-126.
Belief in spirits and demons, W. E. Maxwell, X" and Q,
IV. 126-130.
Some records of Malay Magic, W. W. Skeat, XXXI. 1-
61.
On the use of the slow lorfe in Malay medicine, H. N.
Ridley, XXXIV. 31-34.
R. A. Soc.. No. 5i> 1909.
48 INDEX.
Malay Religion and superstition
A Pulau Tiunian Superstition, W. Conlay, XXXIV. 101.
On the supposed evil influence of ghosts, A. 1). Machado,
XXXI X. 208-209.
Malay Witchcraft, H. Marriott, XXXIX. 209-210.
Hunting Invocations, R. X. Bland, XLII. 19-22.
Mantra Uajah, W. E. Maxwell, XLV. 1-53; XLIX. 71-
86.
See Camphor language.
Malaya
Outline of history of British connection with ,
A. M. Skinner, X. 269-280.
Malaya antiquities, A. H. Keane, X and Q, III. 88-91.
Malavu
The name , C. 0. Blagden, XXXII. 211-213.
Mammals
See ' Elephant/ ' tiger/ maias.
Sumatran mawas, I). F. A. Hervey, X and Q, I. 10-11.
Tupaia, frugivoious habits of, H. X. Ridlev, XXI II.
148.
Tupaia Habits of, H. X. Ridley, XLV. 2T9.
A large mias in Singapore, H. J. Kelsall, XXIV. 168-
169.
Xotes on an infant Maias, (}. F. Haviland, XXVI.
204-206.
List of mammals recorded from Pahang, H. X. Ridley,
XXV. 57-65.
List of mammals collected or observed during trip on
Sembrong River Johore, H. J. Kelsall, XXVI. 16-17.
White-winged bat in Singapore, H. X. Ridley, XXXL
104.
«
An Insectivorous Squirrel, H. X. Ridley, XXXII. 217.
Jour. Straits Branch
INDEX. 49
Mammals
List of mammals collected on Mt. Penrissen Sarawak, R.
S. Shelford, XXXIII. 9-10.
List of mammals from Mt. Kinabalu Borneo, R.
Hanitsch, XXIV. 68-69.
The Sumatran Rhinoceros, H. X. Ridley, XXXV.
105-106.
Mus surifer in Perak, A. L. Butler, XXXVI. 137.
Sus oi, C. Boden Kloss (with 3 plates), XLV. 55-60.
Erratum, XLV I, 264.
Pen-tailed Tree Shrew in Selangor, H. C. Robinson,
XLIV. 224-225.
Wild goat of Malay Peninsula, H. Norman, XLV. 279.
Cruise in Southern China Sea, C. Boden Kloss, XLI.
53-80.
Malayan Pigs, C. Boden Kloss, XLIX. 67-69.
The White handed Gibbon, C. Boden Kloss, L. <9-80.
Bats in a bamboo, H. X. Ridley, L. 103-104.
Manangism
in Borneo (witch-doctors), Rev. J. Perham, XIX.
87-103.
Mantong
Human images among the orang , Dr. Abbott,
XLI. 128-129.
Mantra
Sandaran, W. E .Maxwell, X and Q, II. 46-47.
, W. E. Maxwell, X and Q, IV. 124-126.
Gajah, W. G. Maxwell, XLV. 1-53; XLIX. 71-
86.
Map
Malayan Peninsula, T. Moniot 1862, I. 52-62.
Malay Peninsula 1878, I. 52-62. . --
R.A. Soc., No. 51. 1909*
50 INDEX.
Map
Plan of Pcra River, Capt. Thomas Forest, I. 52-62.
Outline of the Malav Peninsula, VI. 161.
Plan of the Kinta District with Geological section, J.
Errington de la Croix, VII. 1.
The Endau and Sembrong Rivers .Tohore, D. F. A.
Hervey, VIII. 125.
of Petani and Sketch of mines, W. Cameron,
XI. 123.
Sketch of journev across Malav Peninsula from
K. Bernam to K. Pahang, F. A. Swettenham, XV. 38.
Sketch survey of Sungei Triang Jelehu, XV. 173.
of Pulau Langkawi, XIX. 34.
of Palawan and adjacent islands, XX. 212.
Xiewe Kaart van het Evland Sumatra verheterd door
Francois Valentvn (includes the Peninsula), XXII.
246.
Sketch map of Siamese Provinces Koowi, Bengtaphan,
Pateeo and Champoon, also showing route from Koh
Lak to Mergui, XXIV. 79.
Sketch map of Batam District Sarawak showing Kalabit
Country, XL1X. o(j.
Marong Mahawangsa
Translation of extract from , W. E. Maxwell, IX.
85-89.
Makriott, H.
Malav Witchcraft, XXXIX. 209-210.
Maxwell, W. E. Sin
Malay Proverbs, I. 85-98; II, 136-162; III. 19-51; XL
31-82,
Notes on two Perak manuscripts, II. 183-193.
A Malay Kramat, II. 236-238.
Antiquities of Province Wellesley, I. 114.
Jour. Straits Branch
INDEX. 51
Maxwell W. E. Sir
Aboriginal tribes of Perak, IV. 46-50.
Folklore of the Malav*, VII. 11-29.
A Journey on foot to the Patani frontier in 1876 being
a Journal kept during an expedition undertaken to
capture Datoh Maharaja Lela of Perak, IX. 1-67.
Ceremonies when shooting rapids, X and Q, IV. 124.
The Historv of Perak from Xative sources, IX. 85-108;
XIV. 305-321.
On the transliteration of Malav in the Roman character,
IX. 141-152.
The Dutch in Perak, X. 245-268 A.
Notes to memorandum upon Malav Transliteration, X.
282-284.
The Chiri ( formula recited at installation of Malay
Chiefs), X. 287-289.
Dutch occupations of the Dindings, XI. 169-170.
Shamanism in Perak, XII. 222-232.
Notes on criticisms of Fa lire's Dictionary bv Devic and
Marre, XII. 257-259.
The Law and Customs of the Malays with reference to
the tenure of land, XIII. 75-220.
Titles and offices of the officers of the State of Perak, N
and Q, I. 6-8.
Ophir, X and Q, 1. 8.
Johor, X and Q, I. 10.
Modes of sitting in driving an elephant, N and Q, I. 10.
Legend of Changkat Rambian, N and Q, I. 19-22.
Nakhoda Ragam, X. and Q, I. 22.
Ganju, X and Q, I. 22-23.
Medicine, X and Q, I. 23-24.
Daun tiga 'lei, X and Q, I. 23-24.
French Land Decree in Cambodia, XV. &L-92.
R. A. Soc., No. 51, 199.
52 ISDEX.
Maxwell W. E. Sir
Review of ' Work and Adventure in New Guinea 1ST7-
1885 T by Rev. J. Chambers and Rev. W. W. Gill, XV.
145-154A.
Perak and Penang in 1829, X and Q, II. 29-30.
Visit of Lord William Bentinek to Penang in 1828, N
and Q, II. 31.
The Dutch in Perak, X and Q, II. 31.
Management of Elephants, X and Q, II. 32-36.
Menangkabau Code, X and Q, II. 36-38.
Mantra Sandaran, X" and Q, II. 46-47.
Legend of Toll Kuala Bidor, X and Q, II. 47-48.
Gelagah nasi, X and Q, II. 48.
Serawa langut, X and Q, II. 48.
Magic circle, X and Q, II. 49.
Legend of Kubang Aji, X and Q, II. 49-50.
Legend of Pulau Tunggal, X and Q, II. 50-51.
Sang Kalembai, X and Q, II. 51.
Origin of Orchids, X and Q, II. 51.
The Malay Howdah, X and Q, II. 52.
Fighting dress of Malays, X' and Q, II. 53.
Xotes to Sulu vocabulary bv T. H. Havnes, XVI. 321-
384.
Feudal tenure in the Dutch East Indies in the 17th
centurv (extract from Plakaatboek bv Van der Chijs),
XVI. 436-438.
Rembau, X and Q, III. 63.
Letter of King of Achin to James II., X and Q, III.
63.
Malay words of Portuguese origin, X* and Q, III. 64-70.
Malay titles in Flu Perak, X and Q, III. 70.
Birth ceremonies in Perak, X and Q, III. 74-79.
Pelas Negri, N and Q, III. 80-81.
Jour. Straits Branch
IKPEX, 53
Maxwell W. E. Sir
Sri Kama A Malav Fairy Tale founded on the Kama-
vana. Malav text and English translation, XVII.
86-115.
Ketiar, X and Q, IV. 97-98.
Malays, X and Q, IV. 98.
Pagar, X and Q, IV. 98.
Tcmikci, Mcndikei, Kamendikei, X and Q, IV. 98.
Jalibut, X and Q, IV. 99-100.
Cockup, X and Q, IV. 100.
Ualgal, X and Q, IV. 100.
Jam, X and Q, IV. 101.
English trade with Perak, X and Q. IV. 103.
The founding of Singapore, X and Q, IV. 104-113.
Seals of Johore and Pahang in 1819, X and Q, IV. 114.
Senna, X and Q, IV. 116-118.
Panjat, X and Q, IV. 118-120.
Mode of earning loads, X and Q, IV. 121.
The Kaja of the Bamboo, X and Q, IV. 121-123.
Mantra, X and Q, IV. 124-12(3.
Belief in spirits and demons, X and Q, IV. 126-130.
Kaja Donan a Malav Fairv Tale, Malay text and English
translation, XV 111. 240-269.
The survey question, translation of i The Survey question
in Cochin-China bv M. Camouillv from Bulletin des
Etudes Indo-Chinoises de Saigon,* XV III. 271-294.
The Prinee or Princess of the Bamboo, (Keferencc to
Japanese folklore concerning), XVIII. 357-358.
Pulau Langkawi with map, XIX. 27-33.
Kaja Ambong A Malay Fairy tale (with Malay text and
English translation), XIX. 55-71.
Journev from Province Wellesley to Selaina in 1874,
XIX. 120-123.
R. A Soc., No. 51. IW
54 INDEX.
Maxwell W. E. Sir
Raja Haji (Romanised Malay poem on attack on Malacca
hv Rhio Malavs in 1784 and translation from Xet-
seller's Twee Belegeringen van Malacca), XXII. 173-
224.
Hie law relating to slavery among the Malays with ex-
tracts from the Perak Code of laws relating to slavery
(Malay text and translation) and extracts from Ma-
layan laws of Johore bearing on slavery, XXII. 24:7-
297.
The Ruling family of Selangor, extract from Selangor
Administration Report for 1889, XXII. 321-329.
Maxwell, Sir W. E.
In Memoriam, XXXII. ix-xii.
Maxwell, W. (j.
Mantra Gajah, XLV. 1-53; XLIX. 71-8G.
An account of the creation of the dog, XL VI. 23.
Kun and Payah Kun, XLYI, 25-26.
Miscellaneous Xotes, XLIX. 103-107.
Notes and Queries, XLIX. 108.
Sindbad's Old Man of the Sea, L. 91-95.
Spada, L. 97-98.
Medicine
, W. E. Maxwell, X and Q, I. 23-24.
Influence of breath in healing, G. H., .X and Q, IV.
120-121.
Senna, W. E. Maxwell, N and Q, IV. 116-118.
On the use of slow loris in Malay medicine, H. X. Ridlcv,
XXXIV. 31-34.
Contents of a Dyak medicine chest, Rt. Rev. G. F. Hose,
d.d., XXXIX. 65-70.
Menageries
at Botanic Gardens Singapore, H. N. Ridley, XLVI.
133-194.
Jour. Straits Branch
INDEX. 55
Mentra
See Wild Tribes.
Mercury
Alleged discovery of in Malacca, Dr. W. Bott,
XXIV. 79-82.
Merewether, E. M.
Outline of the history of the Dindings from the 17th
century to the present time, XXIII. 35-47.
Inscriptions in St. Paul's Church Malacca, XXXIV.
1-21.
Mergui
Journey across the Malay Peninsula from Koh Lak to
, A. Keith, XXIV. 31-41.
Meteorology
Meteorological Returns Singapore, I. 119; II. 241; III.
145; X. 290.
Notes on Rainfall of Singapore, J. J. Wheatley, VII.
31-50.
Further notes on the rainfall of Singapore, J. J.
Whcatlev, XV. (>l-(>7.
Straits meteorology, A. M. Skinner, XII. 245-255.
Meteorological Return for Singapore 1841-1845, XV. at
end.
Mcterological Report Straits Settlements for 1885,
Dr. T. Irvine Howell, XVI. 385-412.
Singapore weather in 1885, XVI. 435-436.
Metzueh, Emil
Rock pictures in New Guinea, X and Q, III. 91-95.
Mkyer, Dk. A. B.
's ' Negritos/ Review of, R. N. Bland, XXXIV.
35-38.
R. A. Soc., No. 51, 1909.
56 INDEX.
Miklucho-Maclay, (N. von)
Dialects of the Melanesian Tribes in the Malay Peninsula
(translated), T. 38-44.
Ethnological excursion in Malay Peninsula, Xov. 2874
to October 1875, II. 205-221."
Moluccas
Journal of voyage to , Capt. W. C. Lennon, VII.
51-74.
Montano, (Doctor J.)
Report on a mission to the Philippines and e Malaisie '
1879-1881. Review of, Rev. J. E. Tenison-Woods,
XV. 139.
Mosquito
larvae in pitchers of Nepenthes, Note on, H. N.
Ridley, XXII. 430.
Muller, (Professor)
Review of Pardo de Tavera's Essay on the alphabets of
the Philippine Group, XVII. 157-158.
Murton, H. J.
Notes on Gutta Caoutchouc in the Malay Peninsula, I.
106-107.
Postscript to Notes on Gutta percha, &c, III. 59-61.
Music
Oriental proposed collection of instruments, liter-
ature, &c. to be deposited in Oxford University, XVI.
422-434.
Illustrated Catalogue of Musical Instruments in Sarawak
Museum, R. Shelford, XL.
Malayan Musical Instruments, C. Boden Kloss, XLV.
285-287 ; Errata, XLVI. 264.
Nakhoda Ragam
, W. E. Maxwell, N and Q, I. 22.
Malacca Legends concerning , I). F. A. Hervey, N
Jour. Straits Branch
INDEX. 57
Nakhoda Ragam
and Q, II. 40-44.
Pcnang Legends concerning , D. F. A. Hervey, X
and Q, II. 44-46.
Native States
See Siani.
Xewbold
, W. E. Maxwell, III. 71.
Xewbold (Capt. T. J.) 23rd Madras Light Infantry.
Biographical memoir of, (extract from ' Bombay
Times and Journal of Commerce 5. 6. 50/ XIX,
143-149.
Negri Sembilan
Pabei Pass Rambau, II. 227-229.
Rambau, W. E. Maxwell, N and Q, III. 63.
Negri Sembilan currency, R. N. Bland, XVIII. 356-
357.
The Negri Sembilan, their origin and constitution,
M. Lister, XIX; 35-53.
Malay law in , Hon. Martin Lister, XXII. 297-
319.
Pantang Larang of , M. Lister, XXIII. 142-144.
Aturan Sungei Ujong, R. N. Bland, XXVIII. 53-72.
Election and Installation of Yam Tuan of , E. W.
Birch, XLVI. 9-22.
See History.
Negritos
Pigmies, A. De Quatrefages, XI. 83-120.
Nepenthes
Mosquito larvae in pitchers of , XXII. 43U.
J^arge beetle caught in pitcher of , XXV. 172.
R. A. Soc., No. 51. 1909-
58 INDEX.
New Guinea
Keview of book on by Rev. J. Chambers and W. W.
Gill, W. E. Maxwell, XV. 145-154.
Rock pictures in , Emil Metzger, N and Q, III.
91-95.
New Zealand
comparative vocabulary, VIII. 162-169.
Nordenskjold Professor
Reception of, IV. xxii-xxv.
Nobman, Henry
Note on the Wild Goat of the Malay Peninsula, XLV.
279.
Numismatics
See Hanitsch.
Nyctiornis amicta
Note on Nest and Eggs of , H. J* alphabets Y«
169-170. ' r
/
Obituarv Notices
The Hon'ble H. A. O'Brien, XXX. xiy ~
Martin Lister, XXX. xx.
Reinhold Ernest Rost, XXX. xix.
Hn. Vaughan Stevens, XXX. xxi.
Sir \Y. E. Maxwell, k.c.m.g. by C. W. S. K., XXXII.
ix-xii.
Dr. X. B. Dennvs bv H. X. Ridlev. XXXV. 106-107.
■ » «
Allen Macleane Skinner, c.m.g. bv (\ W. S. Kvnnerslev,
XXX VI. 139-140.
Mr. Arthur \Y. S. O'Sullivan by R. X. Bland, XLI. 1.
O'Bkikx, H. A.
Latah, XL 14:M5:5.
Further notes on Latah, XII. 383-28").
Jour. Straits Branch
INDEX. 59
O'Brien, H. A.
Jelebu, XIV. 337-343 (Map at end of XV.)
An old minute by Sir Stamford Raffles, XXIV. 1-12.
O'Brien, the Hon'ble H. A.
In Memoriam, XXX. xix.
Ophir
, W. E. Maxwell, I. 8.
The Putri of Mount , M. Lister, XXIV. 165-ltifi.
Putri Guong Ledang, It. J. Wilkinson, XXXII. 213-214.
Flora of — , II. X. Ridley, XXXV. 1-28.
Orchids
Origin of , W. E. Maxwell, X and Q, II. 51.
Destruction of bv Stick-insects, H. X. Rtdlev,
XXVI. 204.
Xew Malav , II. X. Ridley, XXXIX. G5-70.
Ornithology
Ornithological notes made in S. S. and Western States
of I Vn insula, ('apt. II. R. Kelham (from Ibis), IX.
NM.M40: XI. 1-21): XII. K 1-205.
Are cockatoos carnivorous? X. B. Pcnnvs, X and Q, I.
U.
Xotes on some birds from IVrak, R. Bowdler Sharpe
(extract from Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1880), XVIII.
352-35.").
On a second collection of birds from IVrak, R. B.
Sharpe (extract from Proc Zool. Soc. I.ond. 1887),
XIX. 125-H1.
List of birds of Borneo, A. H. Everett with maps,
XX. IU-212.
Birds collected in IVrak, R. R. Sharpe, XXI. 1-18.
Collecting expedition to Mountain of Batang I'adang
(IVrak), L Wrav Jr.. XXI. 12;M<>5.
R.A. Soc.. No. 51. I90Q.
60 INDEX.
Ornithology
Description of new Jungle fowl said to come from Bor-
neo, II. J. Kelsall, XXIV. 107-168.
Notes on Gallus violaeeus, H. .1. Kelsall, XXV. 173.
Note on nest and eggs of Xvctiornis amicta, H. J. K.„
XXIV. 169-170.
Xest and eggs of Henicurus Ruiicapillus, H. J. K
XXIV. 170.
Rare Bat-hawk in .lohore, H. J. Kelsall, XXV. 171-
172.
List of birds collected and observed during trip across
Johore, H. J. Kelsall, XXVI. 17-19.
Birds. in the Botanic Gardens Singapore, H. X. Ridley,
XXXI. 73-89.
Remarks on Rhinoceros Hornbill and other birds men-
tioned in Mr. KidlevV paper. A. L. Butler, XXXII.
215-216.
Birds on I.arut Mills IVrak, A. L. Butler, XXXI I. 9-:*0.
Birds of La rut Hills. A. L. Butler (addendum to last
paper), XXXI V. 99.
List of birds collected on Mt. IVnrisscn Sarawak, R. S.
Slid ford, XXXIII. 10-21.
Habits of Drongo, H. N. Ridley, XXXV. 105.
The short-eared owl in Singapore, H. N. Ridley, XXXV.
10o.
Cruise in Southern China Sea, C. Boden Ivloss, XLI.
.*i:*-80.
Xew wood-pecker in Selangor, II. ('. Robinson, XL1V
224.
Prntim-filii niaura (Pall), V. Boden Kloss, XLIV. 225-
226.
Jour. Straits Branch
INDEX. 6 1
Ornithology
Xesting of the little grev wood-pecker, H. X. Ridley,
XLIV. 22<>-22T.
Some hirds of Tiunian Island, C. Boden Kloss, XLV.
280-281.
(VSvlliyax. A. W. S.
Malay Ceremonies at Seedtime, XVI II. 'M\2-M:k
The relation hetween Southern India and the Straits
Settlements, XXXVI. lil-M.
O'Sullivan, A. \Y. S.
In Memoriam, H. X. Bland, XLI. 1.
Owl
Short-eared in Singaj>ore, H. X. Ridley, XXXV.
ior>.
Padi
Malav Ceremonies at Seedtime, A. \V. S. O'Sullivan,
XVIII. :i<;2-:w:>.
Report on Padi-horcr. L. Wrav Jr., XIX. 7:5-82.
Methods of computing time for planting in Borneo,
Dr. Charles IIosc. XLI I. K> and WK
Sec liite.
Pagan Races of Malay Peninsula. Blagden ami Skeat.
Review of . II. X. Ridley, XLIX. l-o.
Pahang
Kota (ilanggi. NY. Cameron. IX. l^-KIO,
Journal of Journey across the Malay Peninsula (with
maps). F. A. Swettenham, XV. 1-37.
Seals of Johore and in 1811), \Y. K. Maxwell, X and
Q. IV. 114.
Journal of trip to , \Y. Davidson. XX. 83-00.
R. A. S«c., No. si, 1909.
6 2 INDEX.
Pahang
Trip up Pahang, Tembeling and Tahan ttivcrs and at-
tempt to reach Gunong Tahan, H. J. Kelsall, XXV.
32-49.
Trip to Gunong Tahan, J. Waterstradt, XXXVII. 1-27.
Vegetation of , H. N. Kidley, XXV. 49-56.
List of Mammals recorded from , H. X. Ridlcv,
XXV. 57-65.
An unexplored corner of , W. Bertrand Roberts,
XXXII. 1-8.
The hotsprings of I'lu Jelai, A. D. Machado, XXXIII.
263-264.
A Pulau Tinman superstition, W. Conlay, XXXIV. 101.
Trip to Gunong Benom, W. 1). Barnes, XXXIX. 1-10.
See Historv.
Pantang Kapur
Sec Camphor language.
Pa Scnik
and his son-in-law Awang, G. M. Laidlaw, XLVI.
.VJ-154.
Patani
On the (with maps). Win. Cameron, XL 123-142.
Expedition to Pong, Patani from Selama. Perak, A. T.
Dew. XIX. 105-12(1.
Pearls
Breeding , X. B. Dennys, Ph. 1)., I. 31-3T.
Furtlier Notes. 111. 140-143.
Breeding and Bacteria in Pice, X. B. Dennvs, N"
and Q, 1. 12-13.
Pelandok
A tale, G. M. Laidlaw, XLVI. 73-102.
|our. Straits Branch
INDEX. 63
Pelandok
Some mouse-deer tales, 1L 0. WinsttH.lt, XLV. G1-G9.
and other tales, U. M. Laidlaw, XLVlll. 27-96.
Peliosanthes
of the Malav Peninsula, H. N. Kidley, XXXI.
91-98.
Penang
Journal of Voyage to Moluccas, ('apt. W. C. Ixmnon,
VII. 53-57.
Memorandum on various tribes inhabiting Penang and
Province Wellcsley, .1. K. Logan, VII. 83-92.
Ancient Settlement in , ('. J. Skinner/ X and Q,
I. 6.
Perak and in 1829, W. E. Maxwell, X and Q, II.
29-30.
Visit of Lord William Kentinck to in 1828, W. E.
Maxwell, X and Q, II. 31.
The Light family, X and Q, IV. 115-116.
Address in Malay of Mahommedans of to the Queen
at Jubilee 1887, XVIII. 366-375.
Catalogue of flowerirg plants and ferns found wild in
Penang Island, C. Curtis, XXV. G7-163.
Botanists of Penang, H. X. Kidley, XXV. 163-167.
Memoir of Captain Francis Light, A. M. Skinner,
XXVHI. 1-17.
Chinese names of streets in Penang, Lo Man Yuk,
XXXIII. 197-246.
See Proviee Wellesley.
Perak
Ascent of Bujong Malacca, II. 225-227.
Xotes on the Perak manuscripts, W. E. Maxwell, II.
183-193.
R. A Soc., No. 51. tW.
64- INDEX.
Perak
Survey report on Tin LVrak, II. S. Deane. III. 1:55-13;).
About Kinta, H. W. (\ U'cch, IV. 21-3:$.
About Slim and Bernam, II. \V. (\ I^eex-h, IV. 34-45.
Aboriginal Tribes of Perak, W. E. Maxwell, IV. 4(5-50.
From Perak to Slim and down the Slim and Bernam
Uivers, Sir. F. A. Swcttenham. V. 51 -(58.
The mining districts of Lower Perak. .1. Errin^rton tic la
Croix, VI l. 1-10.
Note on Ipoh tree in . VI II. 161.
.Journey on foot to the Patani Frontier in 187(5, W. K.
Maxwell, IX. l-(n.
Jlistorv of from Native sources, W. K. Maxwell.
IX. 85- ins : XIV. 305-321.
Perak Salsila or book of descent, translation of extracts
from, W. E. Maxwell, IX. 515-108; XXIV. 305-321.
The Dutch in , \Y. E. Maxwell, X. 245-20XA.
Shamanism in . \Y. E. Maxwell, XII. 222-232.
New mountain seen in , F. A. Swetteiiliam. XII.
28(»-288.
Stream tin deposits of , Hew .1. K. Tennison- Woods
XIII. 221-240.
»lourncv to the summit of (iiutumj Jhtlm bv I Jew J. K
Tennison- Woods. XIV. 2 j 5-285.
Titles and offices of the officers of , W. E. Maxwell,
X and Q, J. (5-8.
Legend of Changkat Kambian, \V. E. Maxwell, X and
(J, I. 19-22.
and Penang in 1.S29, \V. E. Maxwell, X and Q, 11.
2U-30.
The Dutch in , W. E. Maxwell, X and i). 11. 31.
Jour. Straits Branch
INDEX. 65
Perak
Legend of Toh Kuala Hidor, W. K. Maxwell, X and Q,
Ii. 4;-48.
Legend of Kertang Aji, \Y. E. Maxwell, X and Q, 11.
40-50.
legend of Pulau Tunggal, \V. K. Maxwell, X and Q,
I I . 5U-3 1 .
On Mines and Miners in Kinta, A. Hale, XVI. 303-
320.
Malav titles in 1'lu , \V. K. Maxwell, X and Q,
III. TO.
Birth ceremonies in , \V. K. Maxwell, X and Q.
III. U-1\).
Pelas Xcgri, W. K. Maxwell, X and Q, III. 80-81.
Legend of 'Toh Panglinia (tliapar of Kinta, A. Hale,
X and <J, III. 81-83.
English trade with , W. K. Maxwell, X and Q. IV.
103.
The Kurau District, X. Dcnisou, XVIII. 34H-352.
Notes on birds from — , H. Howdler Sharpe, XVIII.
3.">2-3.'>5.
Xotes on a second collection of birds from , It.
B. Sharpe. XIX. 125-141.
Birds collected in , It. B. Sharpe, XXI. 1-18.
Evidence of Siamese work in , A. Hale, XVIII.
356.
Expedition from Selania to Pong, Patani, A. T. Dew,
XIX. 105-120.
Jon me v to Selania from Province Welleslev, \V. E.
Maxwell, XIX. 120-123.
Collecting expedition to mountains of B^tang Padang,
L. Wray Jr., XXI. l*3-lbo.
R A. Soc., No. 51, 1909.
66 INDEX.
Perak
Extracts from Perak Code concerning slavery, \V. K.
Maxwell, XX 11. 211-297.
Fishing industry of Krian and Kurau, A. T. Dew,
XX II I. 95-112.
Petrosavia in , II. X. 11., XXIV. 170-K2.
Birds on Larut Hills, A. L. Butler, XXXII. 9-30.
Birds of Larut Hills, A. L. Butler (addendum to last
paper), XXXIV. 99.
Sakai dialect of Tin Kampar. H. L. E. Luering, XXXV.
91-10-1.
Mus surifer in , A. L. Butler, XXXVI. 137.
Sakais of Batang Padang, (J. B. (Vrruti, XLI. 113-1 IT.
(iravevanls of Sultans of Perak, Stia Bijaya di Raja,
XEV11I. 9M0(>.
See Geography of Peninsula.
Pkmiam, Rev. J.
Mangap the Song of the Dyak Mead feast. 11. 125-135.
Petara or Sea Dyak (Jods, VIII. 133-152.
Sea Dyak Religion, X. 213-213; XIV. 287-304.
Klieng's War-raid to the Skies, A Dyak Myth, XVI.
205-288.
Manangism in Borneo (witch-doctors), XIX. 87-103.
Petrosavia in Perak, II. X. P., XXIV. 170-172.
Philippines
Review hy Pew .1. E. Tenni son-Woods of Report oil
hy Dr. J. Montano, XV. 139.
Review of Pardo de Tavera's Essay on alphabets of
, Prof. Miiller, XVII I. 157-158.
Jour. Straits Branch
INDEX. 67
Pickkimx^, W. A.
Chinee Secret Societies, I. 63-84; III. 1-18.
'CJiai Miii' (Ilokkic-n ' Hoah Hoon'), X and Q, II.
54-56.
Pidgin English,
, X. H. Lennvs, II. 168-1 74.
Pigmies
, A. de Quatrrfages, XI. 83-120; XIII. 1-48.
Pj.ix.\ri kl. .J.
On the roots of the Malav language (from the Dutch),
XVI. 251-263.
Plant Names
'Malav , (Malav-Latin), 11. X. Kidlev, XXX. 32-
283.
Latin-Malay, H. N. Ridley and C. Curtis,
XXXVI11. 39-il2.
Police
Plan for a volunteer police in Muda Districts Province
Wellesley, J. R. lx>gan, XVI. 173-202.
Pogonia punctata, Bl.
in Singapore, H. X. Ridley, XX III, 146-147.
Ponieloe-moth
Report on , L. Wray Jr., XIX. 83-86.
Portuguese
Malay words of origin, W. E. Maxwell, N and Q,
Hi. 64-70.
Pratincola Maura (Pall) *-...
, C. Boden Kloss, XLIV. 225-226.
R. A. Soc., No. 51. 1909.
68 INDKX.
Pri^i Acheh
I). F. A. Hervev, XI. 10?.
1 Von vrl >s (Malav)
. W. K. Maxwell, I. 8WI8: II. i:W-l(52: HI. 1!)-51 ;
XI. J31-82.
A new collection of Malav , Hugh Clifford. XX I V.
8M20.
Province Welles lev
Antiquities of , \V. E. Maxwell, I. 114.
Memorandum on various tribes inhabiting Penang and
, ,1. H. U)gan, VII. 83-<)2.
Plan for a Volunteer police in Muda Districts ?
J. It. Logan, XVI. i;:i-202.
.Journev from to Selama Pcrak, \V. E. Maxwell.
XIX. 1*0-123.
Qiatki:fa(;i:s. A. de
The Pigmies of Momer, Herodotus, Aristotle. Pliny, &c- :
the Asiatic Pigmies or Negritos: the Negrillos or
African Pigmies (h'rst published in Journal (U^ Sa-
vants 1881 and 1882 now translated f>v J. Erringtou
«le la Croix). XI. 83-120: XIII. 1-48. "
Kaitlks, Sih r l\ Stamfokd
letter from to Colonial Addcnhrookc of 10. o\ l«>
concerning founding of Singapore, II. 1i.V182.
Translation of Maritime Code of the Malavs, III. 02-84 ;
IV. 1-20.
Further Note, III. 143-141.
Account by eye-witness of landing of , H. T.
llaughton, X. 285-28G.
Landing of in Singapore, Note bv W. II. Head,
XII. 282-283.
Jour. Straits Branch
INDEX. 69
Raffles, Sik T. Stamford
An old min u to l>v (eoneerning Singapore), XXIV.
1-12.
Rafiles Museum
Ilvmonoptora from , P. Cameron, XLI. lHM&t.
Raja Am boii^r
Malav fairv tale, Malav toxt with Knirlisli translation bv
\Y. K. Maxwell, XIX. 55-T1.
Raja Donan
Malav fairv talo, Malav toxt and Kn«/lish translation hv
W.' E. Maxwell. XVIII. 240-2W.
Raja Ilaji
. \V. K. Maxwell. Romanised Malav jmk.mii on
attaok on Malaooa l>v Rliio Malavs in li84 and trans-
lation from Net seller's * r IVoo Helegering van Malaka,'
XXI. U.V224.
Rkad, \V. II.
Xoto upon Landing of Raffles in Singapore, XII. 282-
]{<vonnaissaiiee
Hints on for explorers in unsurveved ooun tries,
prepared bv the Intolligonoo Department of the War
Office, XXVI. 207 -2 IS.
liembau
, I). F. A. Hervev, XIII. 241-258.
, W. K. Maxwell, X and Q, III. 63.
Kenpis-poisoning
A note on , Dr. W. C. Brown, XXIV. 83-85.
R. A. Soc./No. 51, 19C9.
70 INDEX.
Reptiles
Flying lizard, X. B. Dennys (plate), IX. 162-163.
Turtles, X. B. Dennys, X ami Q, 1. 12-13.
The Crocodile, H. V. (\, X and Q, IV. 123.
The crocodiles and lizards of Borneo in the Sarawak
Museum. K. -Bartlett, XXVIII. 73-<>T.
White snakes in Sclangor ( 1 aves. II. X. Ridley, XXX I.
9U-101.
llahits of Malav Reptiles (with list), II. X. Ridley,
XXXII. 185-210.
List of Reptiles from Mt. Kinahalu Borneo, R. Hanitsch
(with two plates), XXXIV. 69-75.
List of Reptiles of Borneo, K. Shelford, XXXV. 43-08.
Addenda and corrigenda, XXX VI 1 1. 133-135.
Xote on colour varietv of Coluber oxvcephalus (Boic),
R. Shelford, XXXV. 71.
Draco maximus in Selangor, H. V. Robinson, XLIV. 223.
Nesting of Draco fimbriatus, H.N. Ridley, XLIV. 227.
A Johore Python, C. Boden Kloss, XLV. 281-282.
Account of three* snakes, J. Hewitt, XLV. 282-283.
Rare leathery turtle (Dennochelys coriacea) in Johore
waters (with three plates), C. Boden Kloss, XLIX.
63-65.
Rhinoceros
The Sumatran , H. X. Ridley, XXXV. 105-106.
Rhio
Malays attack Malacca in 1784, See Haji, XXI.
173-224.
Rhododendron in Singapore, H. X'. Ridley, XXIII. 144-146.
Jour. Straits Branch
INPEX. 71
Rice
An account of the cultivation of in Malacca hv C.
0. blagden, XXX. 285-304.
Sec Padi.
Ridley, Henry N., f.r.s.
Hcport on the destruction of coconut palms by beetles,
XX. 1-11.
n*
The Buimanniaceae of the Malay Peninsula, XXII. 321-
331).
On the so-called Tiger's milk " Susu Kimau ■ of the
. Malays, XXII. 341-344.
Susu Hi mau Further Xote, XXXIV. 101.
On the habits of the Caringa (Formica gracilipes, Grey),
XXII. 345-34 T.
Xote pn Mosquito larvae in the pitchers of Nepenthes,
XXII. 430.
Note on Matonia Pretinate in the Karimon Islands.
XXII. 430.
'lhe (Jrasses and Sedges of the Malav Peninsula, XXIII.
1-33.
Plants collected at Bukit Ktam Selangor by II. #1. Kel-
seii, ilk., xxm. r*-rr>.
A dav at ( hristmas Island with list of animals and
plants recorded and bibloigraphy, XXIII. 123-140.
Oiseo.erv of stone imj)lement in Singapore. XX 11 1.
M1-N2.
On the occurrence of a Hhododendron in Singapore,
XXIII. 144-14(>.
Pogonia punctata Bt., in Singapore, XX II I. 146-147.
r I he Keringga. XXIII. 147.
Frugivomus habits of Tupaia, XX III. 14«S.
R. A Soc., No. 51, 1909-
72 INDEX.
Hh)ij:y, Hkxky X.
Diamonds in Malav Peninsula, XXIV. 16(5-167.
On the occunencc of Pctrosavia in Perak, XXIV. 17<>-
172.
On the dispersal of seeds by mammals, XXV. 11-32.
Vegetation of Pahang, XXV. 49-56.
List of mammals recorded from Pahang, XXV. 57-65.
The Botanists of Penang, XXV. 163-167.
Earthquake in the Malaya Peninsula. XXV. 169-171.
A laige beetle caught in a pitcher of Nepenthes, XXV.
172.
The bird-dropping spider (Ornithoscatoides) in Johore,
XXV. 1*2-173.
List of plants collected by Lake and Kelsall during trip
across Johore, XXVI. 25-33.
Note of Camphor Tree, XXVI. 35-39.
Stick insect destroying orchids, XXVI. 204.
Malay Plant names, XXX. 32-283.
Calanthc vestita Lindl. in Selangor, XXX. 311-312.
Birds in the Botanic (hardens Singapore, XXXI. 73-SO.
4 he Pel iosant lies of the Malay Peninsula, XXXI. DI-
NS.
4 be white snake of the Selangor caves, XXXI. 99-101.
Note on precocious coconuts. XXXI. 103-101.
The white-winged bat in Singapore. XXXI. 101.
Ilyblea puera Cram. XXXI. 104-105.
Seitamineae of the Malav Peninsula, XXXII. S5-1S4.
Some new Kastern (lingers (addendum to last paper),
XXXIV. 91-99.
Note on Malayan gingers, XXXIV. 99-100.
Jour. Straits Branch
INDEX. 73
Ridley, Henry N.
The habits of Malav Heptiles (with list), XXXII. lSo-
210.
Golden flowers, XXXII. 214-215.
An insectivorous squirrel, XXXII. 217.
Xote on plants collected at Penrissen Sarawak hv J{. S.
Slid ford, XXX III. 22-24.
The flora of Singapore, XXX 111. 27-196.
Supplementary notes on the flora of Singapore. XXXV.
84-1)0.
A botanical excursion to (iunong Jerai (Kedah Teak),
XXXIV. 23-30.
On the use of the slow Loris in Malay Medicine, XXXI V.
31-34.
Dammar and wood-oil, XXXIV. 89-94.
f lhe flora of Mt. Ophir, XXXV. 1-28.
(■urn and (Impdan, XXXV. 73-82.
Calogranima festiva (Walk), XXXV. 82-83.
Habits of the Drongo, XXXV. 10.*>.
'1 he short-eared owl in Singapore, XXXV. 10.">.
The Sumatran Rhinoceros, XXXV. 10.V10t>.
Hon. Vaughan Stephens. In Meinoriam.
Kambong Beetle, XXXVI. 138-139.
Malay Tiger Beetles, XXXVIII. 129-131.
List of Plants collected by Mr. \Y. 1). Barnes on (Junong
Bcnom Pahang, XXX IX. 10-18.
New Malay Orchids, XXXIX. 71-87 .
A new Balanophora from TenimlnT Islands. XXXIX.
207.
New Malayan Plants, XL1. 31-:>1 : XUV. 189-211;
XLIX. U-:»«; L. 111-152.
R. A. Soc., No. 51, 1909.
74 INDEX.
Ridley, Henry N.
On the flowering of Barringtonia raeemosa, XLI. 125-
126; additional note, XLVI. 263.
Fertilisation of Webera stelhilata, XLI. 126-127.
The Gesneraceae of the Malay Peninsula, XLIV. 1-92.
The Aroids of Borneo, XLIV. 169-188.
Nesting of the Little Grey Woodpecker, XLIV. 226-227.
Nesting of Draco fimbriatus, XLIV. 227.
A wasp attacking a leaf-mining caterpillar. XLIV. 227-
228.
On the fertilization of grammatophyllum, XLIV. 228-
229.
On the expedition to Christmas Island, XLV. 121-155.
Errata, XLVI. 264.
The Botany of Christina* Island, XLV. 15(5-271.
Additional Notes to above, XLVI II. 107-108.
Habits of the Tupaia, XLV. 279.
41>e Menagerie at the Botanic Gardens. XLVI. i:i:M!)|.
Grasses and Sedges of Borneo. XLVI. 215-22$.
Scitamincae of Borneo, XLVI. 229-246.
Begonias of Borneo. XLVI. 24; -261.
Curious nesting place of Simote< octolineatus. XLVI.
.■w V I f i .
M>
lT.e Pagan Races of the Malay Peninsula by W. W. Skoal
and C. 0. Blagden (a review), XL1X. 1-5.
A list of the Kerns of the Malay Peninsula, L. 1-5'J.
Bats in a Bamboo. L. 10.V10-1.
The labiates of the Malay Peninsula, L. 105-107.
The Crackling Moth, L. IOjMIO.
lour. Straits Branch
INDEX. 75
H. X. Ridley and C. Curtis
Malay Plant names (Latin-Malay), XXXIII. 39-122.
H. X. Ridley and W. W. Skeat
The Orang Laut of Singapore, XXXIII. 247-250.
Additional note, XLI. 128-129.
Roberts, W. Bertrand
An unexplored corner of Paliang, XXXII. 1-8.
Robixson, II. C.
Xote on the occurrence in Selangor of three Vertebrates
new to the Malay Peninsula, XLIV. 223-225.
Romanising Malay
Malay and English spelling, I. 45-51.
Transliteration of Malay, W. E. Maxwell, IX. 141-152.
Memorandum upon with notes, W. E. Maxwell,
X. 282-284.
Rost, R.
Malay language and literature (extract from Encyclo-
paedia Brittanica 1883), XV. 93-101.
Asiatic studies by Dutch Societies in 1885, XVI. 439-
440.
Rost, Eknest Reixhold
In Memoriam, XXX. xix.
Rotan
Xative names of , D. F. A. Hervcy, VIII. 1G0.
Row ell, Dr. T. Irvixe
Meteorological Report S. S. for the year 1885, XVI.
385-412.
Rubber
Gutta and Caoutchouc in the Malay Peninsula, H. J.
Murton, I. 106-107.
R. A. Soc., No. 5L 1909-
76 INDEX.
Rubber
Notes on Gutta-percha and Caoutchouc yielding trees,
F. W. Burbidge with remark by W. H. Treacher, III.
52-59.
Postscript to above, H. J. Murton, III. 59-61.
Correction to above, IV. 61.
Native names of getah, D. F. A. Hervey, VIII. 159-160.
Gutta-producing trees, Leonard Wrav Jr., XII. 207-
221.
Notes on Economic Plants, N. Cantley, XVIII. 307.
Kambong beetle, H. N. Ridley, XXXVI. 138-139.
See Gutta.
Sakai
The language, H. Clifford, N and Q, IV. 102-103.
See Wild Tribes.
Sanskrit
Old inscriptions in Malay Peninsula, Prof. H.
Kern, XLTX. 95-101.
Sarawak-
Notes on the distribution of useful minerals in 9
A. Hart Everett, I. 13-30.
Journal of trip from to Meri 1872, H. Denison, X.
1T3-188.
Ascent of Kinabalu Mt., and journev from Tuaran to
Kiau, K. M. Little, XIX. 1-25.
Hvmenoptera from , P. Cameron, XXXVII. 29-
110; XXXIX. 89-181; XLIV. 93-168.
Errata, XLT. 124.
Fourth contribution on Hvmenoptera from , P.
Cameron, XLVI. 103-123.
A swarm of Butterflies in , P. She! ford, XXXIX.
203-204.
Jour. Strait* Branch
INDEX. 77
Sarawak
New species of Iphiaulax and Chaolta (Braconidae)
from , P. Cameron, XLII. 23-51.
Errata, XLII I. 229-230.
See Borneo and British Borneo bv W. H. Treacher, XX.
13-T4: XXI. 19-121.
Sarawak Museum
Xotes upon Fossil tooth from Upper Sarawak, XXXII.
218-219.
Notes from , XXXIII. 25(5-259.
Xotes from , R. Shelford, XXXV. 69-71.
Illustrated catalogue of Ethnographical Collection of
Part I, musical Instruments, R. Shelford, XL.;
Part II, Personal ornaments, XLII I.
Satow, E. M.
Essav towards a Bibliography of Siam, XVII. 1-85;
XV 11 1. UW-189.
Schmidt, P. \Y.
4 Die Sprachen der Sakei unci Scmang auf Malacca und
ihr Verhaltnis zu den mon-khmer Sprachen.
Abstract, \Y. 1). Barnes, XXXIX. 38-45.
Review, C. O. Blagden, XXXIX. 4G-G3.
Scitamincac 4
of Malay Peninsula, H. X. Ridley, XXXII. 85-184.
Some new Eastern Gingers, H. X. Ridlev (addendum to
last paper), XXXIV. 9T-99.
N'ote on Malavan gingers, H. X. Ridlev, XXXIV. 99-
100.
of Borneo, H. X. Ridley, XLVI. 229-246.
R. A. S«c. f No. 51, 1909.
78 INDEX. " * l
Scobtechini, Rev. B.
Note on Botany and Malay (names of plants), XVI.
413-415.
Scott, James G.
PMract from * France and Tongking 9 by , con-
cerning Annamese Ancestral worship, XV. 164-171.
Selangor
Caves at Sungei Batu, D. D. Daly, Til. 116-119.
Naturalist's visit to Selangor, Wm. T. Hornaday, III.
124-131.
Sungei Tata Route, B. D., III. 133-135.
Ruling Family of , W. E. Maxwell, XXII. 321-
329.
Trip to Bukit Etam, H. J. Kelsall, r.e., XXIII. 67-75.
Thermal springs of , Dr. Bott, XXIV. 43-62.
White snake in caves of , H. N. Ridley, XXXI
91-101.
rp
Three vertebrates in new to Malay Peninsula, II
C. Robinson, XLLV. 223-225.
See Geography and History.
Semang
legend of white , translation bv W. E. Maxwell
IX. 95-108.
Shamanism
in Perak by \V. E. Maxwell, XII. 222-232.
Shamsu'l-Bahrain
Hikaiat , XLV1I.
Shakim:, R. Bowdlek
Notes on some birds from Perak (extract from Proc. of
Zoological Society, London, 1886), XVIII. 352-355.
Jour. Straits Branch
INDEX. 79
Sharpe, R. Bowdler
On a second collection of birds from Perak (extract from
Proceedings Zoological Society, London, 1887), XIX.
125-141.
Birds collected in Perak, XXI. 1-18.
SlIKLFOItD, P. S.
Xotes from Sarawak Museum, on a fossil tooth found at
Bau Upper Sarawak, XXXII. 218-219.
A trip to Mt. Penrissen Sarawak (with lists of mammals
and birds bv P. S. Sbelford, note on plants bv H. X.
Ridley and list of ferns bv Bishop Hose), XXIII.
1-26.
On a remarkable dipterous larva, XXXI II. 250-257.
On a male specimen of Purlisa giganteus Dist., XXXIII.
257-258.
On a female of Doriona Elvira Staud, XXXIII. 258-251).
On the system of cataloguing adopted in the Sarawak
Museum, XXX I II. 259-201.
A list of the Butterflies in Mt. Penrissen Sarawak with
notes on the species, XXXV. 29-42.
A list of the Reptiles of Borneo, XXXV. 43-68.
Addenda and corrigenda, XXXVIII. 133-135.
On occurrence of mimetic Locustid ( ( 'onll vlodera tricon-
dyloides West) in Borneo.
On a colour variety of Coluber owcephalus (Boie),
XXXV. ($9-71.
A swarm of Butterflies in Sarawak, XXXIX. 203-204.
An illustrated Catalogue of the Ethnographical collection
of the Sarawak Museum, Part I Musical Instruments,
XL.
Part II Personal ornaments, XLIII.
R. A. Soc., No. 5ii 1909*
82 INDEX.
Singapore
Further notes on rainfall of , J. J. L. Wheatley,
XV. 61-67.
Meteorological Returns kept in 1841-1845 by Capt.
Elliot, XV. at end.
— Weather in 1886, XVI. 435-436.
Notes on names of places in , H. T. Haughton,
XX. 75-82.
Native Names of Streets in , H. T. Haughton,
XXIII. 49-65.
Native names of streets and places in , H. W.
Firmstone, XLII. 53-208.
Index to above by Tan Kee Soon, XL VI. 195-213.
Chinese names of streets in , A. Knight, XLV.
287-288.
Stone implement found in , H. N. Ridley, XXIII.
141-142.
Rhododendron in , H. N. Ridley, XXIII. 144-146.
Pogonia punctata Bl. in , H. N. Ridlev, XXIII.
146-147.
Eudromias veredus in , W. Davidson, XXIII. 147-
148.
Birds in Botanical Gardens at , H. N. Ridley,
XXXI. 73-89.
Remarks on birds mentioned by Mr. Ridley, A. L. Butler,
XXXII. 214-215.
White-winged bat in , H. N. Ridley, XXXI. 104.
The Flora of , H. N. Ridley, XXXI11. 27-196.
Supplemcntarv notes on the flora of , H. N. Ridlev,
XXXV. 84-90.
The orang Laut of , W. W. Skeat and H. N. Ridlev.
XXXIII. 247-250.
Jour. Straits Branch
INDEX, 83
Singapore
Additional note, XL1. 128-129.
Short-eared owl in , H. X. Kidley, XXXV. 105.
Skeat, \Y. W.
A vocabulary of the Besisi dialect, XXIX. 13-31.
Some records of Malay Magic bv an eve-witness, XXXI.
1-1)1.
Silk and cotton dyeing by Malays, XXXVIII. 123-127.
Skkat, \Y. \Y. and H. X. Ridley
The Orang Laut of Singapore, XXXIII. 247-250.
Additional note, XL1. 128-129.
Skin nek, A. M.
Geography of Malay Peninsula (with maps), I. 52-02.
Xote to al>ove on Siamese titles, 1. 117-118.
Geographical notes 11. 222-225; 111. 132-133.
Outline of history of the British Connection with Ma-
lava, X. 209-280.
rp
The Java system (review of Essai sur les principes
regissant ('administration de la .Justice aux Indes
orientales Hollandaises by Dr. C. 1\ K. Winckel), XL
155-1 66.
Straits Meteorology, XII. 245-255.
Memoir of Capt. Francis Knight, XXV11I. 1-17.
Skixxek, Allen Macleane
In memoriam, C. \Y. S. Kynnersley, XXXVI. 139-140.
Slavery
Malay law concerning , \V. E. Maxwell, "XXII. 247-
297.
R. A. Soc., No. 51. 1909.
84 INDEX.
Snakes
Ophiophagus Elaps in Singapore, N. B. Dennvs, I. 99-
105.
Capture of Ophiophagus Elaps in Klang, B. D., II.
233-235.
Note on Ophiophagus Elaps in Kuala Kangsa, Perak, II.
235-230.
Snake poisons, X. B. Denny s, IX. 101.
Python's egg (plate), IX. 101-102.
Death from snake bites, L. VVray Jr., 111. 72-73.
The bite of a Pvthon, L. Wrav Jr. 111. 73.
%j - »■
Account of three snakes, J. Hewitt, XLV. 282-283.
Curious nesting places of Simotes octolineatus, H X.
Kidlev, XL VI. 203.
Spada
, W. G. Maxwell, L. 97-98.
Spelling
The evolution of Malay , Kev. W. G. Shellabear,
XXXVI. 75-135.
Spider
Bird-dropping in Johore, H. X. Kid ley, XXV.
172-173.
Springs
Thermal of Selangor and Malacca, Dr. Bott, XXIV.
•13-02.
The hot-springs of Ulu Jelai, A. D. Machado, XXXIII.
203-204.
Squirrel
Insectivorous , 11. X\ Kidley, XXX11. 217.
Jour. Straits Branch
INDEX. 85
Sri Kama
Malav fairv talc, Malay text and English translation by
\\\ E. Maxwell, XV11. 86-115.
Stephens, A. B.
Precocious coconuts with note bv H. X. l\idley, XXXI.
103-104.
Stevens, Hn. Vaughan
In memoriaiii, XXX. xxi.
Stone
The age in Perak, A. Hale, III. 62.
implement found in Singapore, H. X. Ridley,
XX III. 141-142.
Sulu
Vocabulary, T. H. Haynes with notes, &c. by W.
E. Maxwell, XVI. 321-384; XVIII. 193-239.
Sungci Ujong
See Negri Sembilan.
Sumatra
Toba in the Batak country; translation from Sumatra
Commit newspaper, I. 115-117.
Xote on the name Sumatra, IV. 58-61.
Klonwang and its caves (Acheen) (translated), VIII.
153-158.
Dutch exjMMlition into interior of 1877-1879 by
M. A. L. van Hasselt, XV. 39-59.
Further Xote, XVI. 415-417.
in 1886 (statistics), F. Kehding, XVIII. 345-349.
Valentyn's map of , XXII. 246.
Survey
The survey question in (Whin China, M. Camouilly
translated by W. E. Maxwell, XVIII. 271-294.
R A. Soc, No. 51, 1909.
86 INDEX.
Sus Oi
C. Boden Kloss with 3 plates, XLV. 55-60.
SWETTEXHAM, SlU F. A., K.C.M.U.
A Malay Nautch, 11. 103-1(57.
From Perak to Slim and down the Slim and Bernam
Hi vers, V. 51-68.
Some account of the Independent Native States of the
Malay Peninsula (with map), VI. 161-202.
New mountain seen in Perak, Xll. 286-288.
Journal kept during a journey across the Malay Penin-
sula with maps, XV. 1-37.
Tallies
Tally sticks and strings in Borneo, Dr. Hose and J.
Hewitt, XLIX. 7-10.
Tainhclans
See Kloss
Tan Kee Soon
An Index in Romanised Hokkien and Cantonese to the
Chinese names of streets and places in Singapore
published by Mr. H. W. Firmstone in Journal No. 42.
Revised bv Messrs. A. W. Bailev and F. M. Baddelev,
XLV I. 195-213.
Tenimber Islands
A new Balanophora from , H. N. Ridley, XXX IX.
207.
Tenison-Woods, Kev. J. E.
On the Stream-tin deposits of Perak (lectures delivered
at Thaiping, Perak), Xlll. 221-240.
Journey to the summit of Gunong Bulu, XIV. 275-285.
Jour. Straits Branch
INDEX. 87
Tenison-Woods, Rev. J. E.
Review of * Rapport a M. le Ministre de l'lnstruction
Publiquc 8iir line Mission aux lies Pliilippines et en
Malaisie (1879-1881) par M. le Docteur .7. Montano,
XV. 139-145.
Hie Borneo coalfields, X and Q, III. 84-87.
Thomas, 0. E. V.
Cases of Lightning Discharge, XXXIII. 251-255.
Xotes on Materials and method of erecting lightning con-
ductors in the Straits Settlements, XLIV. 217-222.
Thomson, J. Turxbcll
Sketch of career of, J. R. Logan, VII. 75-81.
Tiger
A 's Wake, HI. 139-140.
in Borneo, Everett A. Haxt, V. 157-160.
A hunt in .lava (extracted from Ceylon Observer,
account of tiger-poisoning), XII. 209-281.
Traps, X. B. Dennvs, X and Q, I. 15-16.
Maneaters, X. B. Dennvs, X and Q, I. 16-17.
eating frogs, X B. Dennvs, X and Q, I. 17.
Charms, X. B. Dennys, X and Q, I. 17-18.
's milk (Susu Rimau), H. X. Ridley, XXII. 341-
314.
Further note hv H. X. Ridlev, XXXIV. 101.
Tiger-heetles
Malay, H. X. Ridley, XXXVIII. 129-131.
Time
Methods of computing for planting in Borneo, Dr.
Charles Hose, XL11. 1-5 and 209.
R. A. Soc., No. 51. 1909.
88 INDEX.
Tin
Stream deposits of Perak by Revd. J. E. Tenison-
Woods, XIII. 221-249.
Tinman
Superstition, W. C. Conlay, XXXIV. 101.
Some birds of , C. Boden Kloss, XLV. 280-281.
Tolbon, G. P.
Acheh, V. 37-50.
Transliteration
See Romanising.
Treacher, Sir W. H. k.c.m.o.
Remarks on notes on Gutta-pereha, etc. by F. W. Bur-
bridge, III. 52-59 correction to above, IV. 61.
Genealogy of Royal family of Brunei, XV. 79-80.
British Borneo: Sketches of Brunei, Sarawak, Labnan
and North Borneo, XX. 13-74; XXI. 19-121.
Trotter, X.
Letter concerning original of British Treaty with Java
in 1811, XIX. 151-152.
Tu pa i a
Frugivorous habits of , It. N. Ridley, XXI II. 148.
Habits of , H. X. Ridlev, XLV. g;j).
Turtles
X. B. Dennys, N and Q, I. 12-13.
Rare leathery turtle (l)ermochclvs coriacea) in .lohore
• * • '
waters (with three plates), ('. Boden Kloss, XLIX.
03-65.
Valextyx, Fhaxcots
Description of Malacca (Translation), XIII. 49-74B ;
XV. 119-138; XVI. 289-301 ; XVII. 117-1-19; XXII.
225-246 (with map).
Jour. Straits Branch
INDEX. 89
Vernacular Press
in the Straits, E. W. Birch, IV. 51-55.
Vocabulary
Pantang Kapur, D. F. A. Hervey, III. 113-114.
Comparative of dialects of some of the wild tribes
of Malay Peninsula, Borneo, etc. collected for and
compiled bv S. B. R. A. S., V. 125-156, corrections to
above, VI. 290-291.
Comparative Fijian and New Zealand, VIII. 162-
160.
of Tangao Dialects North Formosa, John Dodd,
IX. 69-84.
Sulu and Malay , T. H. Havnes with notes, etc. by
W. E. Maxwell, XVI. 321-384,' XVI IF. 193-239.
Pantang Kapur, H. Lake and H. J. Kelsall, XXVI.
41-56. •
— of Jakun names of persons. Lake and Kelsall,
XXVI. 57.
— of Besisi dialect, \V. W. Skeat, XXIX. 13-31.
of Dusun Language of Kimanis, Revd. H. L. E.
Luering, XXX. 1-29.
— of Bmnei-Malav words, H. S. Havnes, XXXIV.
39-48.
— of Sakai dialect of Tin Kampar, H. L. E. Luering,
XXXV. 91-104.
— of Jakuns of Batu Pahat, Johore, A. D. Machado,
XXXVIII. 29-33.
WATERSTRAin', JOHN"
Kelantan and my trip to (Junong Tahan, XXXVII. 1-27.
Wcl>era stellulata
Fertilization of , II. X. Ridley, XLI. 126-127.
R. A. Soc., No. 51. 1909-
90 IXDEX
WlTEATLEY, J. J. L.
Notes on Rainfall of Singapore, VII. 31-50.
Further notes on the rainfall of Singapore, XV. 61-67.
The Putri Gunong Ledang (Fairy Princess of Mt.
Ophir), XXXII. 213-214.
Wild trihes of Peninsula
Dialects of Melanesian tribes, Michlucho Maelay (trans-
lated), I. 38-44.
Instructions as to collecting facts and dialects, 1. 107-
110.
Semang and Sakai Tribes of Kedah and Perak bordering
on Province Wellesley (extract from Field news-
paper), I. 111-113.
Ethnological excursions in Malay Peninsula, November
1874, October 18*5, II. 205-221.
Letters from Oxford Professor, etc. Semangs, II. 231-
233.
Aboriginal Tribes of Perak, W. E. Maxwell, IV. 46-50.
Comparative Vocabulary of the Dialects of some of the
wild tribes inhabiting the Malayan Peninsula, Borneo,
etc., collected and compiled for S. B. R. A. S., V. 125-
156. Corrections to above, VI. 290-201.
Memorandum on various tribes inhabiting Penang and
Province Wellesley, J. R. Logan, VII. 83-92.
The Endau and its tributaries (with map), D. F. A.
Ilervey (Jakuns), VIII. 93-124.
Additional notes, IX. 167-168.
Comparative Vocabulary Fijian and New Zealand, VIII.
162-169.
Legend of white Semang; translation by W. E. Maxwell,
IX. 95-108.
Jour. Straits Branch
INDEX. 9!
Wild tribes of Peninsula
The mentra Traditions, I). F. A. Hervev, X. 189-194.
Pantang Gaharu, I). F. A. Hervev, X and Q, I. 8-9.
" Manuk/' H. C. Clifford, X and Q, IV. 101-102.
The Sakai language, H. C. Clifford, X and Q, IV. 102-
10:;.
Some notes on Sakai dialect of the Ma lav Peninsula,
Hugh Clifford, XXIV. 13-29.
List of Jakun names of persons, H. J. Kelsall, k.a.,
XXVI. 5T.
Earlv Indo-Chinese Influence in the Malay Peninsula,
i\ Otto Blagden, XXVI I. 21-56.
A vocabulary of the Besisi dialect, W. \Y. Skeat, XXIX.
13-31.
The Orang Laut of Singapore, \Y. W. Skeat and H. X.
Uidlev, XXXIII. 2-17-250.
Additional note, XLl. 129-130.
The Sakai dialect of ITu Kampar Perak,, H. L. K. Luer-
ing, XXXV. 91-104.
Dialects of Malav Peninsula, C. O. Blagden, XXXVII.
141-142.
Jakuns of Batu Pahat, Johore, A. I). Maehado,
XXXVIII. 29-33.
Pantang Kapur vocabulary, H. Lake and H. J. Kelsall,
XXVI. 41-5(5.
Pantang Kapur vocabulary, I). F. A. Hervev, III. 113-
114.
P. \V. Schmidt, s.v.n., "Die Sprachen der Sakai and
Seniang auf Malacca and ilir Verhaltnis zu den nion-
khmer Sprachen."
(Abstract), W. D. Barnes, XXXIX. 38-45.
R. A. Soc., No. SI. 1909-
92 INDEX.
Wild tribes of Peninsula
(Review), C. 0. Blagden, XXXIX. 46-63. .
Sakais of Batang Padang Perak, G. B. Cerruti, XLI.
113-11T.
Human Images among the orang Mantong, Dr. Abbott,
XLI. 128-129.
Malayan musical instruments, C. Boden Kloss, XLV.
285-287.
Errata, XLVI. 264.
The Pagan Races of the Malay Peninsula (review) by
H. X. Ridley, XLIX. 1-5. .
Bark Canoes among Jakuns and Dvaks, Dr. W. L.
Abbott (with plate), XLIX. 109-110.
Some Ethnological Xotes, C. Boden Kloss, L. 73-T7.
Wilkinson, R. J.
The Indonesian Numerals, XXVIII. 99-103.
Xotes and queries: Protective charm, Earthquakes, The
South, Xames of months. Benzoin, Batara Guru, XXX.
305-311.
WlNSTKDT. R. 0.
Some mouse-deer Tales, XLV. 61-69.
Father Civet, with Romanised Malay version, L. 85-90.
Wise, H.
The fci Malingkota *' in Borneo, in June 1891, XXVI.
204.
Wood-peeker
Xesting of the little grey , H. N. Ridley, XLIV.
226-22T.
Jour. Straits Branch
INDEX. 93
Word-formation
in Malav and cognate languages, H. L. K. Luering,
xxx ix. jy-37.
Wjuy, Lkoxahd Jx.
(iiitta producing trees, XII. 207-221.
The I poh Tree, X and Q, III. <>l-<>2.
Death from .snake bites, N and Q, III. 72-73.
The hite of a Python, X and Q, III. 73.
Report on the Padi l>orei\ XIX. 73-82.
Summary of Report on the Pomeloe moth, XIX. 83-8(5.
Journal of a collecting expedition to the mountain of
Batang Padang Perak, XXI. 123-1«5.
Zoology
S<m» Mammals, Ornithology, Entomology, Reptiles,
Fishes, Menagerie.
The octopus, X. H. Denny s, X and Q, I. 14-15.
List of animals and plants recorded from Christmas
Island, H. X. Ridley, XXIII. 130-13<>.
Xotes on the flying frog Rhacophorus nigropalmatus,
H. Hanitsch, XXXIV. 1HJ-D7.
Other Publications.
The Society has also published : —
Miscellaneous papers relating to Indo-China. Reprinted for
the S. 13. R. A. S. from * Dalrymple's Oriental Repertory '
and the ' Asiatic Researches ' and ' Journal ' of the Asiatic
Society of Bengal, 2 vols., London Tnibner & Co., 1886
(edited by the late Dr. Reinhold Rost).
Contents of Vol. I.
I Some Account of Quedah. By Michael Topping.
11 Report made to the Chief and Council of Balam-
bangan, (Borneo). By Lieut. James Barton,
of his several Surveys.
Ill Substance of a Letter to the Court of Directors
from John Jesse, dated July 20th 1775, at
Borneo Proper.
IV Formation of the Establishment of Pulo-Penang.
V The Gold of Limong. (Sumatra). By Mr. Mac-
donald.
VI On three Natural Productions of Sumatra. (Cam-
phor, coral and copper). By the same.
VII On the traces of the Hindu Language and Litera-
ture extant amongst the Malays. By Wil-
liam Marsden.
VIII Some Account of the Elastic Gum Vine of Prince-
Wales Island. By James Howison.
IX A Botanical Description of Urceola Elastica or
Caoutchou Vine of Sumatra and Pulo-Penang.
By William Roxburgh M.D.
X An account of the inhabitants of the Poggy or
Nassau Islands lying off Sumatra. By John
Crisp.
Jour. Strait* Branch, R A. Soc., N0.151, 1909.
69
OTHER PUBLICATIONS.
XI
XII
XIII
XIV
XV
XVI
XVII
XVIII
XIX
XX
XXI
XXII
XXIII
XXIV
XXV
XXVI
XXVII
XXVIII
XXIX
XXX
Remarks on the Species of Pepper which are
found on Prince- Wales Island. By William
Hunter M. D.
On the Languages and Literature of the Indo-
Chinese Nations. By J. Leyden M.D.
Some Account of an Orang-Outang of remarkable
height found on the Island of Sumatra. By
Clarke Abel M.D.
Observations on the Geological Appearances and
General Features of Portions of the Malayan
Peninsula. By Captain James Low.
Short Sketch of the Geology of Pulo-Pinang and
^ the neighbouring Islands. By T. Ward.
Climate of Singapore.
Inscription on the Jetty at Singapore.
Extract of a letter from Col. J. Low.
Inscription at Singapore.
An account of several Inscriptions found in Prov-
vince Wellesley. By Lieut-Col. James Low.
Note on the Inscriptions from Singapore and Prov-
ince Wellesley. By J. W 7 . Laidlay.
On an Inscription from Keddah. By Lieut-Col. Low.
A Notice of the Alphabets of the Philippine Islands.
Succinct Review of the Observations of the Tides
in the Indian Archipelago.
Report on the Tin of the Province of Mergui. By
Capt. G. B. Tremenheere.
Report on the Manganese of the Mergui Province.
By the same.
Paragraphs to be added to Capt. G. B. Tremen-
heere's Report.
Second Report of the Tin of Mergui. By the same.
Analysis of Iron Ores from Tavoy and Mergui and
of Limestone from Mergui. By Dr. A. Urc.
Report of a Visit to the Pakchan River and of
some Tin Localities in the Southern Portion
of the Tenasserim Provinces. By Capt., G.
B. Tremenheere.
Jour. Straits Branch
OTHER PUBLICATIONS.
97
XXXI
XXXII
XXXIII
XXXIV
Report on a Route from the Mouth of the Pakchan
to Kiau and thence across the Isthmus of
Krau to the Gulf of Siam. By Capt. Al. Fraser
and Capt. J. G. Forlong.
Report «fcc, from Capt., G. B. Tremenheere on the
Price of Mergui Tin Ore.
Remarks on the different Species of Orang-utan.
By E. Blyth.
Further Remarks. By the same.
Contents of Vol II.
XXXV Catalogue of Mammalia inhabiting the Malayan
Peninsula and Islands. By Theodore Cantor
M.I).
XXXVI On the local and Relative Geology of Singapore.
By J. R. Logan.
XXXVII Catalogue of Reptiles inhabiting the Malayan
Peninsula and Islands. By Theodore Cantor M.D.
XXXVIII Some account of the Botanical Collection brought
from the Eastward, in 1841, by Dr. Cantor.
By the late W. Griffith.
XXXIX On the Flat-homed Taurine Cattle of S. E. Asia.
By Ed. Blyth.
XL Note by Major-General G. B. Tremenheere.
General Index.
Index of Vernacular Terms.
Index of Zoological Genera and Sub-Genera
occurring in Vol. II.
Miscellaneous Papers relating to Indo-China and the Indian
Archipelago. Reprinted for the S B. R. A. S. from the
' Journals ' of the Royal Asiatic, Bengal Asiatic, and Royal
Geographical Societies ; the ' Transactions ' and * Journal '
of the Asiatic Society of Batavia ; and the ' Malayan
Miscellaneous.' Second Series 2 vols. London, Thinner
1887 (Edited S: Co.. by the late Dr. Reinhold Rost).
R. A. S«c., No. SI. 1909-
93 OTHER PUBLICATIONS.
Contents of Vol. I.
I Journal of an excursion to Malacca and Penang.
By J. R. Logan.
II The Rocksof PuloUbin (Singapore). By the same.
III Notes on some species of Malayan Amphibia and
Reptilia. By Dr. F. Stoliczka.
IV On the land -shells of Penang Island. By the same.
V Notes on the Malay Archipelago and Malacca. By
W. P. Groeneveldt.
VI Outlines of a Grammar of the Malagasy language.
By Dr. H. N. Van der Tuuk.
VII Account of the Mantras. By the Rev. Father
Borie.
Contents of Vol. II,
VIII Account of the Malay MSS belonging to the Royal
Asiatic Society. By Dr. H. N. Van der Tuuk.
IX Memorandum of a Journey to the summit of
Gunong Benko (Sumatra).
X Account of the Island of Bali. Bv Dr. R.
Friederich.
XI Notices on Zoological subjects. By Messrs. Diard
and Duvancal.
XII Descriptions of Malayan Plants. By Dr. W.
Jack. Notes to this article. By Sir J. D.
Hooker and Hon. D. F. A. Hervey.
General and Geographical Index.
Index of Latin terms.
Index of Malayan and other oriental terms.
The Wai Seng Lottery. By G. T. Hare, Civil Service, Straits
Settlements. Singapore 1895.
Jour/ Straits Branch
OTHKK PUBLICATIONS. 99
The Hikayat Raja Bu-liman (A Malay Folk tale).
Part I Malay Text.
Part II English Translation with notes
by Hugh Clifford.
Singapore, 18(1(1.
A map of The Malay Peninsula,
(To be republished in 1909).
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